Emabhange aseSar.
Emabhange aseSar Kwakuyincwadi yokugcina yombongi waseGalician nombhali wamanoveli uRosalía de Castro. Ishicilelwe ngo-1884, kwavela ukuthi kwakuyiqoqo lezinkondlo elingaqondakali kahle ngenxa yemitha yalo engahambisani nalokho, elikude kakhulu nesitayela sendabuko senkondlo. Yindlela elula yokuqamba, enezici ze-Romanticism ne-Modernism ngezilinganiso ezifanayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithempeli eligcwele ukungabi nathemba (lapho kungekho ngisho inkolo enikeza induduzo engokomoya) kukhombisa izimo ezinzima umlobi abhekana nazo eminyakeni yakhe yokugcina. Ngaphandle kwezici zenoveli ezicacile, ukugxekwa kwemibhalo ngaleso sikhathi kuwushaye indiva lo msebenzi. Kodwa-ke, njengamanje kubhekwa izazi-mlando eziningi njenge-opera ephezulu yezinkondlo zaseSpain zekhulu le-XNUMX.
Mayelana nomlobi, uRosalía de Castro
Wabhapathizwa ngaphansi kwegama likaMaría Rosalía Rita Expósito, wazalelwa eSantiago de Compostela, eSpain, ngoFebhuwari 24, 1837. Yize iningi lezincwadi zakhe zazibhalwa ngephrozi, UCastro wangena emlandweni - kanye noGustavo Adolfo Bécquer - njengomunye wabanduleli bezinkondlo zesimanje zaseSpain. Lesi sichasiso sivela emifanekisweni emithathu yezimpawu:
- Izingoma zaseGalician (1863).
- Fucks Novas (1880).
- Emabhange aseSar (1884).
Yize imibhalo yakhe eminingi yavela ngeSpanishi, I-Rosalía Ungenye yezimpaphe ezifanele kakhulu olimini lwendabuko lwaseGalician. Akumangalisi ukuthi yena (kanye nezibalo ezinjengo-Eduardo Pondal noCurro Enríquez) uthathwa njengommeleli obaluleke kakhulu Isi-Galician Rexurdimento. Ngeshwa, umsebenzi wembongi awuzange uhlonishwe kahle kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe.
Amathrendi nomongo wendalo yakhe yokubhala
Kungabonakala kweminye imisinga emibili yobungcweti yokuqamba emsebenzini. Okokuqala, Kulula ukubona imbongi engaconsi phansi, ethanda ukuzimela, ethanda ukuzwela imvelo yomuntu. Ngenxa yalokho, kulesi sici umbhali ukwazile ukuveza amabinzana kanye nemibono yokubaluleka kwendawo yonke.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Umbhali waba ngumkhulumeli womhlaba wakhe ohluphekile kanye nembongi yawo wonke amaGalician. Ngesikhathi lapho ulimi lwaseGalician lwaludicilelwe phansi ngokuphelele, lwahlukaniswa njengolimi olungcolile futhi ngaphandle kwesiko elilotshiwe. Ngakho-ke ngokuqamba okuningi kwe- izinkondlo zakhe ngesiGalician, uRosalía wakhombisa ubuqhawe bakhe ngenkathi eba yinkinga enkulu kubagxeki.
Ifa
URosalía de Castro.
Isibalo sikaRosalía de Castro saqala ukubonwa ngawo-1890s, sibonga amanye amalungu eGeneration of 98. U-Azorín noMiguel de Unamuno babengabalandeli babo abakhulu kunabo bonke, futhi, ngezinga elincane, U-Antonio Machado noJuan Ramón Jiménez. Eqinisweni, lesi sakamuva siyakufanelekela njengesandulela sesimanjemanje seSpain.
Kamuva ngesikhathi sekhulu leminyaka lokushicilelwa kwe Izingoma zaseGalician, iRoyal Galician Academy yasungula ukuthi ngoMeyi 17 unyaka nonyaka Usuku Lwezincwadi ZaseGalician. Kepha hhayi eGalicia kuphela lapho umbhali waseSantiago eqinisekisiwe khona. Uthole izipho zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kwezinye izifunda zaseSpain nasemazweni afana neRussia, Argentina, Uruguay neVenezuela.
Ukuhlaziywa Emabhange aseSar
Ngokusho kuka-Alonso Montero, Emabhange aseSar "yisivumelwano sencithakalo" esigxila ezindaweni ezimnyama kakhulu zomphefumulo. Isihloko sibhekisa osebeni lomfula iSar njengoba udlula ePadrón. Lapho, ngenkathi elinde uCharon, umbhali wazinikela ekufeni okuseduze okubangelwa umdlavuza. Okugcine kwenzekile unyaka ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwevolumu.
Kodwa-ke, akukho ukuvumelana phakathi kwezazi-mlando maqondana nosuku lwezinkondlo. Ngenxa yalokho, akunembile ngokuphelele ukuveza ukuthi ukugula kwakuyisisusa esikhulu sezinkondlo zakhe. Noma kunjalo, isici esifaneleke kakhulu sevolumu yindlela elula yokwenza izitayela. Kanye nokuguquguquka okusha okuchazwe usizi olugcwele umculo.
Isakhiwo
Emabhange aseSar Yincwadi ebhalwe ngokuphelele ngeSpanishi, enezinkondlo ezingama-53 ezinamakhasi ayi-177. Kulowo nalowo kubo, uRosalía de Castro uveza imizwa ehlukile, kanye nethoni elidala lokuphelelwa ithemba. Lo muzwa umakwe kakhulu ezigabeni lapho imbongi icwila ezinkumbulweni ezithile ngemishwana ebukhali kakhulu.
themes
Umusho kaRosalía de Castro.
Umbhali waseGalician akakungabazi ukuvusa izinkumbulo kanye nokwaziswa kusigaba esifanayo, njalo ngenhloso yokusetha isigqi esihambisanayo kumuzwa. Lokhu kuyabonakala esiqeshini esilandelayo senkondlo ethi "Amaqabunga ayaqhaqhazela futhi umphefumulo wami uyathuthumela":
"Lokho namuhla, kusasa, ngaphambili nangamanje,
Kuyafana, njalo,
Amadoda nezithelo, izitshalo nezimbali,
Bafika badlule, bazalwe bese befa ”.
Ngokunjalo, uRosalía de Castro uthatha uthando nentshisekelo njengezimbangela zokuzisola kamuva. Ngokwalesi sizathu, izazi-mlando eziningi zihlela umsebenzi wazo esikhathini esaziwa ngokuthi yi-romanticism sekwedlule isikhathi. Ngokunjalo nezinye izinkondlo zikhuluma ngokukhathazeka ngekusasa elifiphele, njengoba kubonakala esiqeshini esilandelayo senkondlo ethi "Ukomela uthando kwakukhona, kwahamba":
"Sizwa ukuphela kwehlobo
Abagulayo abanathemba,
"Ngizofa ekwindla!"
Wacabanga phakathi kokudangala nokujabula
Futhi ngizozwa ukuthi ligingqa ethuneni lami
Amaqabunga nawo afile ”.
Ukuphelelwa ithemba okujulile
Zimbalwa izinkulumo ezingaba namandla "njengethemba elifile". Yebo, limele uhlobo lwendawo yokugcina yokuthi "ithemba yinto yokugcina elahlekile." Kepha "ithemba elifile" limele indawo ephansi impela emoyeni womuntu, ukuphela kwayo yonke inkohliso. Ikakhulukazi uma umbhali ekhombisa ukuthi ukuphela kwangempela kweqiniso kuzotholakala ngokufa.
Induduzo yokuphumula kwaphakade
Akakuboni ukufa njengesigameko esingesihle, kunalokho, uziveza ekufeni kwakhe ngokukhanya kwethemba elivuselelwa ukuthula okulindelwe kokuphumula kwaphakade. Empeleni, Ngesikhathi esesulile, imbongi iveza ukuthi wayijabulela impilo yakhe yize wayehlupheka futhi ukulungele ukuhlangana noNkulunkulu.
Ngalesi sizathu, ukuvalwa kwevolumu bekungeke kube ngaphandle kwenkondlo ethi "Ngizizwa nginokungabaza nokwesaba kuphela":
"Ngizizwa nginokungabaza nokwesaba kuphela,
UKristu wobuNkulunkulu, uma ngifulathela Wena;
Kepha lapho ngiphendukela esiphambanweni ngiphendula amehlo ami,
Ngiyasula emsebenzini ukuze ngiqhubeke nosizi lwami.
Futhi ngiphakamisa ukubuka okukhathazayo esibhakabhakeni
Ngifuna uYihlo endaweni enkulu,
Njengoba umshayeli wesiphepho efuna
Ukukhanya kwendlu yokukhanya okukuholela ethekwini ”.