Iincwadi ezingama-24 ezinefuthe kubomi bukaGabriel García Márquez

Ebomini, yonke into iyasiphembelela, ukusuka kwiinkqubo zikamabonakude okanye kuthotho lweenqaku esizibukeleyo, ngengcebiso kunye namazwi osapho lwethu okanye abahlobo kwiincwadi esizifundileyo. Ewe, uGabriel García Márquez wayengekho ngaphandle koku, naye wayenefuthe lakhe, kwaye siyazi zithini iincwadi ezingama-24 ezinefuthe kubomi balo mbhali ubalaseleyo.

Ukuba ufuna ukubazi, ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba phakathi kwezo ncwadi yincwadi oyithandayo okanye yeyona ikuphawule kakhulu, hlala ufunde inqaku lethu. Sinezihloko kunye nezichaso ezincinci ezizezakho UGabriel García Márquez ezenziwe ngazo ngexesha lokufunda kwakhe.

"Intaba Yomlingo" nguThomas Mann

Le noveli kaThomas Mann yaqala ukubhalwa phaya ngo-1912 kodwa ayizange ipapashwe de kwangowe-1924. Le noveli yefilosofi neyokufunda ibalisa ngamava kaHans Castorp omncinci kwisibhedlele sabagula ngengqondo, awangena ngaso kwasekuqaleni nje njengondwendwe.

Izichazi ezenziwe nguGabo kule ncwadi zezi zilandelayo:

“Impumelelo yeendudumo zikaThomas Mann ovela kwiMagic Mountain ifuna ungenelelo lwengqonyela lusigcine singalali ubusuku bonke, silinde uHans Castorp noClawdia Chauchat ukuba baphuze. Okanye uxinzelelo olunqabileyo kuthi sonke, sihleli ebhedini ukuze singaphoswa lilizwi leengxabano eziphosakeleyo zefilosofi phakathi kukaNafta kunye nomhlobo wakhe uSettembrini. Ubusuku bokufunda buqhubeke ngaphezu kweyure kwaye kubhiyozelwa kwigumbi lokulala kuqhwatywa izandla ”.

"Indoda ekwiMask Mask" nguAlexandre Dumas

Iklasikhi enkulu eyenziwayo yenziwa imovie kwaye kubonakala ukuba inento eninzi yokwenza nobomi bukaGG Márquez.

"Ulysses" nguJames Joyce

UMárquez ukwathethile ngalo msebenzi ubalulekileyo osisiseko woncwadi kwindalo iphela. "Ulises" Ithathelwa ingqalelo njengomsebenzi wobugcisa osoloko ucatshulwa kwaye unconywa njengomsebenzi wesalathiso ngabo bonke ababhali. Yapapashwa okokuqala eParis ngo-1922.

Ukusuka kuyo sifumene ezi nkcazo zilandelayo ngumbhali waseColombia:

“Ngenye imini uJorge Álvaro Espinosa, umfundi wezomthetho owayendifundisile ukufundisisa iBhayibhile kwaye wandenza ndawazi ngentloko amagama apheleleyo amaqabane kaYobhi, wabeka ityesi ebabazekayo etafileni phambi kwam waza wabhengeza ngegunya lobhishophu :

Le yenye iBhayibhile.

Ewe kunjalo, yayinguJames Joyce, u-Ulysses, endathi ndazifunda kwizikrufu nakwizicucu de ndaphelelwa ngumonde. Yayisisidlele ngaphambi kwexesha. Kwiminyaka kamva, njengomntu omdala othobekileyo, ndazibekela umsebenzi wokuyifunda kwakhona ngendlela enzulu, kwaye yayingekuphela kokufunyanwa kwehlabathi lokwenyani endingazange ndikrokrele ngaphakathi kwam, kodwa ikwabonelela ngoncedo lobugcisa kum , ndikhulula ulwimi kwaye ndilawula ixesha kunye nolwakhiwo ezincwadini zam ”.

"Isandi kunye nobushushu" nguWilliam Faulkner

Kule ncwadi, uGabo uthe oku kulandelayo:

"Ndiye ndaqonda ukuba amava am okufunda" u-Ulysses "eneminyaka engamashumi amabini, kwaye kamva" Ingxolo nobushushu ", yayikukuqina ngaphambi kwexesha ngaphandle kwekamva, ndaye ndagqiba kwelokuba ndiphinde ndifunde ngelinye iliso elingenanto. Inene, okuninzi okwakubonakala ngathi kukuhamba ngesisu okanye u-hermetic, uJoyce noFaulkner, kutyhilwa kum ngelo xesha ngobuhle nje oboyikekayo. "

 "Oedipus the King" kaSophocles

Asiwazi umhla wale ncwadi kodwa inokuba yabhalwa nguSophocles kwiminyaka esemva ko-430 BC.Ngumsebenzi wobugqi lowo ubizwa ngokuba yintlekele yamaGrike. Ngubani ongazange ave nge-Oedipus?

Ukusuka kulo msebenzi mkhulu, uGarcía Márquez uthi:

“(Umbhali) uGustavo Ibarra Merlano wandiphathela ubungqongqo obucwangcisiweyo bokuba izimvo zam ezazisasazekile nezaphucukileyo, kunye noburharha bentliziyo yam, babezidinga ngokwenene. Kwaye konke oku ngothantamiso olukhulu kunye nophawu lwesinyithi.

[...]

Ukufunda kwakhe kwakukude kwaye kwahluka, kodwa kugcinwa lulwazi olunzulu lweengqondi zamaKatolika zelo xesha, awayengazange eve ukuba bathetha. Wayeyazi yonke into malunga nemibongo, ingakumbi ezakudala zamaGrike nezesiLatin, awayezifunda kwiinguqulelo zabo zantlandlolo… ndafumanisa ukuba kuyamangalisa ukuba ukongeza ekubeni nobukrelekrele obuninzi kwezoluntu, wadada njengentshatsheli yeOlimpiki kwaye umzimba oqeqeshiweyo. Eyona nto yayimkhathaza kakhulu ngam yayikukungayikhathaleli kwam imibhalo yamandulo yamaGrike neyesiLatin, endayifumana ikruqula kwaye ingenamsebenzi, ngaphandle kweOdyssey, awayesele eyifundile wayiphinda-phinda ukuyifunda iziqwenga izihlandlo ezininzi kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Kwaye ngaphambi kokuba athi ndlela-ntle, ukhethe incwadi enesikhumba kwithala leencwadi wandinika ngesidima, esithi: Unokuba ngumbhali olungileyo, kodwa awusoze ulunge kakhulu ukuba awunayo ulwazi oluhle lwakudala bamaGrike. " Incwadi yayingumsebenzi opheleleyo kaSophocles. Ukusukela ngalaa mzuzu uGustavo waba ngomnye wabantu ababethatha isigqibo ebomini bam… ”.

"Indlu yaMaphahla asixhenxe" nguNathaniel Hawthorne

"UGustavo Ibarra wandiboleka incwadi ethi" Indlu yamaPhahla asixhenxe "kuNathaniel Hawthorne, eyandiphawula ubomi. Sisonke siye sazama ithiyori yokufa kwe-nostalgia ekuzuleni kuka-Ulysses, apho alahlekileyo kwaye asizange siyifumane indlela yethu. Emva kwesiqingatha senkulungwane ndafumanisa ukuba isonjululwe ngombhalo obalaseleyo nguMilan Kundera ”.

 "Intetho yewaka nobusuku obunye"

Oko kuthetha oku kulandelayo:

“Ndade ndanesibindi sokucinga ukuba imimangaliso ebaliswa nguSherazade yenzekile kubomi bemihla ngemihla bexesha lakhe, ndayeka ukwenzeka ngenxa yokungakholwa kunye nobugwala bokwenyani bezizukulwana ezilandelayo. Ngeso sizathu, kwakubonakala ngathi ayinakwenzeka into yokuba umntu wexesha lethu akholelwe kwakhona ukuba ungabhabha phezu kweedolophu kunye neentaba kukhaphethi, okanye ukuba ikhoboka laseCagagena de Indias liyakuphila iminyaka engamakhulu amabini ebhotileni njengesohlwayo, ngaphandle kokuba ukuba umbhali webali enze abafundi bakhe bakholelwe ”.

"Uguquko" nguFranz Kafka

Abo bayifundileyo le ncwadi bathi ukuyifunda kunzima kakhulu, ukuze ukuyifunda kwaye uyiqonde kuya kufuneka ukuba ube nohambo oluthile lokubhala kwaye ukuba nje ukuba uyayiqonda, uyithatha njengeyona ncwadi ibhalwayo.

Izichazi zikaGabo kule ncwadi zezi zilandelayo:

“Andizange ndiphinde ndilale noxolo lwam lwangaphambili. Incwadi yamisela indlela entsha ebomini bam ukusuka kumgca wayo wokuqala, namhlanje yenye yeencwadi ezinkulu zehlabathi: «Njengoko uGregor Samsa evuka ngenye intsasa emva kwephupha elingenakuphumla, wazifumana eguqulwe ebhedini yakhe eguqulwe yaba sisinambuzane esoyikekayo. . Ndabona ukuba kwakungeyomfuneko ukungqina iinyani: kwakwanele ukuba umbhali abhale into ukuze ibe yinyani, kungekho bungqina ngaphandle kwamandla etalente yakhe kunye negunya lelizwi lakhe. YayinguSherezade kwakhona, hayi kwihlabathi lakhe lewaka leminyaka apho yonke into yayinokwenzeka, kodwa kwelinye ilizwe elingenakulungiseka apho yonke into yayisele ilahlekile. Ukugqiba kwam ukufunda iMetamorphosis ndaziva ndinomnqweno ongenakuphikiswa wokuphila kwiparadesi yelinye ilizwe ”.

"Nksk. Dalloway" nguVirginia Woolf

Apho waphawula oku kulandelayo:

“Ndandiqala ukuva igama likaVirginia Woolf, uGustavo Ibarra ambiza ngokuba liXhegwazana uWolf, njengo-Old Man Faulkner. Ukumangaliswa kwam kwamkhuthaza ukuba aphumelele. Wathabatha inqwaba yeencwadi awayendibonise zona njengezona azithandayo waza wazibeka ezandleni zam.

Kum babubutyebi obungenakucingelwa ukuba ndingaze ndibubeke emngciphekweni xa ndingenawo nomngxuma olusizi apho ndingagcina khona. Ekugqibeleni wayeka ukundinika inguqulelo yaseSpain kaVirginia Woolf Nksk. Dalloway's, kunye noqikelelo olungathandekiyo lokuba uyakufunda ngentloko.

Ndagoduka ndinomoya womntu owayelifumene ilizwe. "

"I-Palm Palm" nguWilliam Faulkner

I-Wild Palm Trees yinoveli ebhalwe nguWilliam Faulkner ngo-1939. Isihloko sayo santlandlolo sathathwa eBhayibhileni, kwiNdumiso 137 ivesi 5.

"Njengoko ndibeka ukufa" nguWilliam Faulkner

Kule ncwadi singena kubomi bosapho olusemazantsi oluthatha uhambo olupheleleyo ngenjongo yokungcwaba isidumbu esibolileyo sikanina.

Yincwadi enesingqisho esithile semibongo nangona ibhaliwe kwiprozi. Ngenxa yoko, uWilliam Faulkner wayeyingcali.

 "Uncle Tom's Cabin" ebhalwe nguHaret Beecher Stowe

Incwadana ebaluleke kakhulu ebukhoboka, ukungaziphathi kwayo kwaye ngakumbi ngobubi beentlobo ezithile zabantu. Yapapashwa ngo-Matshi 20, 1852 kwaye yadala impikiswano enkulu, ngakumbi e-US.Nangona kunjalo, yayiyincwadi yesi-2 ethengwe kakhulu ngelo xesha, emva kweBhayibhile, iyeyona ncwadi ithengwa kakhulu kuyo yonke inkulungwane ye-XNUMX. . Kule datha kuphela, kufanelekile ukuba uyifunde ukuba awukabikho.

"UMoby-Dick" nguHerman Melville

Ngubani ongayazi incwadi ye "IMoby-Dick"? Nangona ngoku inoveli yaziwa kubo bonke, kufuneka sithi, ngokomgaqo, ayiphumelelanga.

Ukupapashwa kwayo okokuqala kwenziwa ngo-1851, ngakumbi nge-18 ka-Okthobha.

Enye into ebalulekileyo ongayaziyo kukuba inoveli isekwe kumatyala amabini okwenyani:

• I-epic yokuba i-whaler ihlupheke Essex xa yahlaselwa ngumnenga nge-sperm ngo-1820.
• Ityala le-albino sperm whale ehambisa iMocha Island (eChile) ngo-1839.

 "Oonyana nabathandi" nguDH Lawrence

Yapapashwa ngo-1913 kwaye yabekwa kwindawo ye-9 kwezili-100 zeenoveli ezibalaseleyo zenkulungwane yama-XNUMX eziphakanyiswe liLayibrari yaNgoku.

Kule noveli sinokubona ukukhula kwekhaya eliqhelekileyo labasebenzi abakumgangatho ophakathi, apho ezinye iimeko zobudlelwane bokuqala bezesondo zenzeka khona.

"El Aleph" nguJorge Luis Borges

Apha uBorges, wanika ubungqina bobukho bakhe, epapasha incwadi egxeka umntu, ayithatha ukuba ayinakukwazi ukujamelana nobunaphakade.

Ukuba ufuna ukufunda i-biology epheleleyo malunga neBorges, nantsi le unxibelelwano. Uya kuyithanda ukuba uzijonga njengo "Borgiano"! Kwaye unokwazi apha ezaziziincwadi ezingama-74 ezacetyiswa nguBorges ngomgangatho wazo ophezulu.

Ukuqokelelwa kwamabali abhalwe ngu-Ernest Hemingway

Akunakwenzeka ukuba i-GG Márquez ingabizi igama likaHemingway kunye nemisebenzi yakhe. U-Ernest, njengoko besicaphule uBorges kumqolo ongaphambili, naye wenza uluhlu lwakhe lweencwadi ezinconyelwayo. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba ziyintoni na, kuya kufuneka ucofe apha.

"Indawo yokulwa" ngu-Aldous Huxley

Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo owona msebenzi ubalaseleyo ka-Aldous Huxley. Yapapashwa ngo-1928 kwaye ngokutsho kwabagxeki inomdla kakhulu kwaye iyimpumelelo.

Kulo msebenzi kukho uncwadi oluninzi njengenkcubeko yomculo, kuba uHuxley ubonwa njengomqalisi "womculo."

"Yeempuku naMadoda" nguJohn Steinbeck

Le ncwadi inento yokwenza nombhali wayo, njengoko isekwe kumava kaSteinbeck njengendoda engenamakhaya ngeminyaka yoo-20.

Le ncwadi ilulwimi olungqalileyo, kangangokuba abanye abagxeki bayithatha njengolulwimi oluthukayo nolungamanyala.

Umbhali wayo wayeza kuphumelela amabhaso kaNobel ngoncwadi ngo-1962.

"Iidiliya Zomsindo" nguJohn Steinbeck

Umbhali ofanayo nalowo ungaphambili, "Iidiliya Zomsindo" yafumana ibhaso lePulitzer ngo-1940. Yayingumsebenzi onempikiswano enkulu ngemihla yayo, njengoko yayiyincwadi enesigqitho ngelo xesha.

Indlela yecuba nguErskine Caldwell

Le ncwadi ibalisa ibali losapho lakwaLester. Usapho oluhlwempuzekileyo oluhambela icuba.

Incwadana ebandakanyiweyo kumbutho obizwa ngokuba gothi esemazantsi, apho ukungcola, usizi kunye nokungaqiniseki zezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo kuphuhliso lwayo.

"Amabali" nguKatherine Mansfield

Amabali kunye neentsomi zikaKatherine Mansfield, owayebizwa ngenene UKathleen Beauchamp, singazifumana kwiingqokelela ezimbini zazo Amabali amafutshane, enye yapapashwa ngo-2000 ngu-Ediciones Cátedra yaza enye yapapashwa ngu-Ediciones El País.

"Ukudluliswa kweManhattan" nguJohn Dos Passos

Le noveli ithelekiswa kakhulu ne- "The Great Gatsby," inikwe ukufana okufanayo.

Yonke into iyenzeka eNew York, abalinganiswa ababonakalayo, abanye bayanyamalala bangabikho kwaye abanye, uninzi lwabo, banonxibelelwano oluthile.

Lonke uphuhliso inoveli lwenzeka ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-30.

"Umzobo kaJennie" nguRobert Nathan

Umzobi odakumbileyo ngenxa yokuphulukana nenkuthazo ngenye imini yobusika udibana nentombazana eseCentral Park inxibe ngendlela yakudala. Ukususela ngaloo mzuzu ukuya phambili, ezinye iintlanganiso zilandelelana, ngokukodwa ukuba kumathuba amafutshane intombazana ijika ibe yintombazana entle, ethandane nayo. Kodwa uJennie ufihla imfihlo ...

Iifilimu ezimbini zenziwa ngokusekwe kule noveli, enye eSpain kwaye enye eVenezuela.

"Orlando" nguVirginia Woolf

Ithathwa njengenye yeenoveli ezaziwa kakhulu kwaye zifundwa ngokubanzi nguVirginia Woolf. Sicinga ukuba, ngokuyinxenye, kungenxa yokuba wayenesibindi sokubhala malunga nezifundo ezithile ngelo xesha: ubufanasini, isini sabasetyhini, kunye nendima yabasetyhini (umbhali, umama wendlu, ...).

Ucinga ntoni ngezichazi ezenziwa nguGarcía Márquez kwezi ncwadi? Ngaba uyavumelana naye? Ngaba uzifundile uninzi lwezi ncwadi okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, ngaba uqondile nje ukuba usaswele ilizwe elikhulu loncwadi ukwazi?