Iincwadi ezili-16 u-Ernest Hemingway wacebisa umbhali omncinci ngo-1934

UArnold Samuelson, intatheli encinci eneminyaka engama-22 kuphela ubudalaEzimisele kwaye enomdla, waqalisa uhambo olukhulu kwilizwe lakhe emva kokugqiba izifundo zakhe zaseyunivesithi. Wapakisha izinto ezimbalwa ebhegini yakhe, kunye nevayolin yakhe, wathengisa izinto ezininzi kwiphephandaba lasekuhlaleni ukumnceda ukuba ahambe. Ukubuyela kwakhe eMinnesota, emva ngo-Epreli 1934, wafunda okokuqala ibali elifutshane ngu-Ernest Hemingway kwiphephandaba. Cosmopolitan. Ibali elichaphazelekayo linesihloko "Uhambo oluya kwelinye icala", eyayiza kuba yinxalenye yenoveli yakhe "Ukuba unayo kwaye ungabi nayo."

Lo mfana wayechukumisekile kukufundwa kwebali kangangokuba wayengenandlela yimbi ngaphandle kokuba ayenze uhambo olungaphezulu kwamawaka amabini eekhilomitha Ukukhwela intaba, ukuze abone iHemingway aze amcele neengcebiso.

UArnold Samuelson wayengenayo into ebizwa ngokuba luhambo olugudileyo nolulula. Inyathelo ukusuka eFlorida ukuya eKey West ukutsiba kuloliwe ukuya kuloliwe kunye nokuma kwindawo yokulala ukuze ulale kwindawo evulekileyo. Imozulu, kamva wabalisa, yayingentle ncam. Ubuye walala ngosiba lwenkunzi yenkomo apho athi wosulelwa ziingcongconi. Ngaphandle kwayo yonke le nto, akukho nto yayisusa ukuzimisela kunye nomdlandla wakhe wokudibana nalowo wayengumbhali wakhe amthandayo okwangoku, kwaye wayekulungele ukuza emnyango wendlu yakhe. USamuelson uyibalisa ngolu hlobo:

Ndafika ndankqonkqoza kumnyango wangaphambili wendlu kaErnest Hemingway eKey West, waphuma wema phambi kwam, eshushu kwaye ecaphuka, elinde mna ukuba ndithethe. Khange ndibenanto yothetha naye. Andikhumbuli nelinye igama kwintetho yam endiyilungisileyo. Wayeyindoda enkulu, ende enamagxa abanzi, ajingxileyo, wayemi phambi kwam iinyawo ziqhawukile neengalo zijinga emacaleni. Wayegobile kancinci phambili ngokuzimela okungokwemvelo kwembethi manqindi ekulungele ukubetha ngenqindi.

Umbhali umbuzile ukuba kanye kanye ufuna ntoni, umbhali oselula waphendula esithi ulifundile ibali lakhe lokugqibela elipapashiweyo Cosmopolitan kwaye wayechukumisekile, kangangokuba khange abe nako ukuphepha ukuya kumhlangabeza ukuze ancokole naye. U-Hemingway wayexakekile ngelo xesha, kodwa ngethoni ekhululekile kunye neyolwazelelo wammema ukuba eze endlwini yakhe ngosuku olulandelayo.

Ngosuku olulandelayo baqala ukuncokola kwaye nini UArnold Samuelson uvumile ukuba wayengazi ukuba uza kubhala njani ngeentsomi, owaye wazama ngaphandle kwempumelelo, uErnest waqala ukumcebisa:

"Eyona nto ibalulekileyo endiyifundileyo ngokubhala kukuba awusoze ubhale kakhulu ngexesha elinye," utshilo uHemingway, echukumisa ingalo yam ngomnwe wakhe. Awunakuze uyenze ngexesha elinye. Shiya ezinye usuku olulandelayo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kukwazi ukuba uyeke nini. Xa uqala ukubhala kwaye yonke into ihamba kakuhle, yiza kwindawo enomdla kwaye xa usazi ukuba kuzakwenzeka ntoni emva koko, lelo lixesha lokuma. Emva koko kuya kufuneka uyishiye njengoko injalo kwaye ungacingi ngayo; mayiphumle kwaye ingqondo yakho engacacanga yenze konke. Ngentsasa elandelayo, xa ulele kamnandi kwaye uphumle, bhala kwakhona oko ukubhalileyo kusuku olungaphambi kokuba ufike kwindawo enomdla apho ubusazi ukuba kuza kwenzeka ntoni ngokulandelayo. Bhala kwakhona uphinde uphinde ulandelelanise kwakhona, uwushiye kwindawo elandelayo enomdla. Kwaye nangokunjalo. Ngale ndlela, isifundo sakho siya kuhlala sigcwele iindawo ezinomdla. Yindlela yokubhala inoveli engazange ihlale kwaye inomdla njengoko uqhubeka. '

U-Ernest Hemingway, phakathi kwezinye izinto, Ucebise inkwenkwe ukuba ingagxili kubabhali beli xesha. Ngokutsho kombhali omkhulu, kwafuneka ukhuphisane nezakudala, kunye nababhali abaswelekileyo ngoku, ezazinguye ezazisenza ukuba imisebenzi yakhe ixhathise ukuhamba kwexesha. Umbhali wamema uArnold kwindibano yakhe. Uchaza amava akhe kuyo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Indawo awayesebenzela kuyo yayiyigaraji esemva kwendlu. Ndimlandele waya kwizinyuko ezingaphandle kwendibano, eyayiligumbi elisisikwere, elinomgangatho wethayile kunye neefestile ezivaliweyo kwiindonga ezintathu nakwiishelufa ezinde zeencwadi ezantsi kweefestile zomgangatho. Kwikona enye bekukho itafile enkulu yezinto zakudala eneflat ephezulu kunye nesihlalo se-antique esinomqolo ophezulu. U-EH uthathe isihlalo kwikona kwaye sahlala sijongana kwelinye icala ledesika. Uthathe usiba wabhala ukubhala ephepheni. Ukuthula kwakungonwabisi. Ndiye ndaqonda ukuba uthatha ixesha lakhe ukubhala. Ndingathanda ukuba andonwabise ngamava akhe, kodwa ndagcina ndiwuvalile umlomo wam. Bendikhona ndizothatha yonke into azondinika yona akhonto ingako.

Oko kwakubhalwa ngu-Ernest Hemingway luluhlu lweenoveli ezili-14 kunye namabali ama-2 awacebisa ukuba le nkwenkwe ifunde. Ezi ziincwadi ezili-16 u-Ernest Hemingway azicebisayo kumbhali oselula ngo-1934:

1. "Anna Karenina" Ngu-Leon Tolstoy.
2. "Imfazwe noxolo" Ngu-Leon Tolstoy.
3. "Madame Bovary" NguGustave Flaubert.
4. «Ihotele eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka» NguStephen Crane.
5. "Isikhephe esivulekileyo" NguStephen Crane.
6. AbaDubliners nguJame Joyce.
7. "Bomvu noMnyama" kaStendhal.
8. "Umsebenzi wobukhoboka" kaSomerset Maugham.
9. Imijelo yaseBurlbrooks nguThomas Mann.
10. "Kude kude kwaye kwakudala" Ngu-WH Hudson.
11. "WaseMelika" Ngu-Henry James.
12. "Ukubulisa kwaye usale kakuhle" (Isichotho nokuvalelisa) nguGeorge Moore.
13. "Abazalwana bakaKaramazov" NguFyodor Dostoyevsky.
14. "Igumbi elikhulu" ngu-EE Cummings.
15. iwuthering Heights NguEmily Brontë.
16. "Incwadi yeOxford yesiNgesi iVesi" Ngu-Sir Arthur Thomas.

U-Ernest Hemingway uBomi obuBhaliweyo

Emva koko sikushiya nevidiyo ngobomi bukaErnest Hemingway. Yibhayiloji epheleleyo kakhulu (ividiyo ihlala malunga neyure enesiqingatha) ekungagqalwa kuyo kuphela ubomi nomsebenzi wombhali, kodwa nombhali kunye nomnye wababhali asebenza nabo banokubonwa bethetha.

UErnest Hemingway Amabinzana kunye neeKowuti

Ukuphelisa eli nqaku lide kodwa liyonwabisa, iklasikhi, ezinye amabinzana adumileyo kunye neengcaphulo utshilo umbhali ngokwakhe:

• "Abantu abalungileyo, ukuba ucinga kancinci, babehlala bonwabile abantu."
• Eyona ndlela yokufumanisa ukuba ungamthemba umntu na kukumthemba.
• "Ngoku: igama elinomdla wokuchaza umhlaba wonke nobomi bonke."
• Sukwenza into ongafuni ukuyenza ngokunyaniseka. Ungaze ubhidanise intshukumo kunye nesenzo.
• Soloko uhlala ngasemva kwendoda edubulayo naphambi kwendoda ehlabayo. Ngale ndlela ukhuselekile kwiimbumbulu nakwikaka.
• «Ukuba siphumelela apha siya kuphumelela kuyo yonke indawo. Umhlaba uyindawo entle, kufanelekile ukuba uyikhusele kwaye ndiyakucaphukela ukuyishiya.
• "Ungaze ucinge ukuba imfazwe, nokuba iyimfuneko okanye ichanekile inokubonakala njani, ayiselolwaphulo-mthetho."
• "Zama ukuqonda, awuyena umlingiswa wentlekele."
• "Ndaziva ndililolo lokufa eliza ekupheleni kosuku ngalunye lobomi oluye lwachitha."
• "Xa besiva i-echo, abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba isandi sivela kuyo."