Yiziphi izinsiza zokubhala

Izindlela zokubhala noma izibalo zokukhuluma zibizwa ngalezo zindlela ezingajwayelekile zokusebenzisa ulimi. Ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa ababhali emisebenzini yabo yombhalo ukuze zibanike amandla amakhulu kanye/noma ubuhle. Sikhuluma ngokusetshenziswa okungajwayelekile endleleni yokwakha imisho, ngezici zefonetiki, zesemantiki noma zohlelo lolimi.

Izibalo zenkulumo, ngokwazo, ziyizindlela zokudala nezihlukene zokubhala kanye/noma zokuveza imibono. Abonakala kalula ngoba ngawo ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kolimi kuyashintshwa. Eqinisweni, ababhali bawasebenzisela ukuhlukanisa isitayela sabo, imprint yabo ngesikhathi sokwenza umsebenzi wabo (concepto.de, 2022).

Lezi ngezinye zezinsiza zokubhala ezisetshenziswa kakhulu

Izinsiza zesichazamazwi se-Semantic

Ukuqhathanisa noma isifaniso:

dweba ukuhambisana phakathi kwemiqondo emibili evela kusixhumanisi sohlelo lolimi lwe ukufana okucacile.

Isibonelo:

• "Uyigwala njengegundane."

Isingathekiso:

Lo mshini wokubhala ihlonza into yangempela nenye efana nayo i-rhetorical:

Isibonelo:

• "Izinwele zakhe zegolide nezindebe zikakotini."

I-hyperbole:

Kuzo inkulumo eyihaba efuna ukwenza umbono:

Isibonelo:

• "Ngekhala elingaka uzokhipha iso labani."

I-Metonymy:

Ifana kakhulu nesingathekiso. Kuhlanganisa ukushintshanisa igama lento kwenye into efana nayo. Ukuthi isetshenziswa kanjani kuncike ekuhambisaneni kwayo. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kakhulu olimini lwezwi. Lezi ezinye izibonelo:

• Isiqukathi ngokuqukethwe: “Ingabe ufuna ingilazi yewayini elibomvu?”;
• Insimbi yomculi: "Benza i-Mozart kusukela ebusuku kuze kube sekuseni";
• Ukhonkolo we-abstract (noma okuphambene nalokho): “Unesandla esibi njengekhanda elibi”;
• Indawo ngento eyikhiqizayo: "Izolo ngibe nechweba, elingcono kakhulu";
• Umuntu ngento ayikhiqizayo: “Ngathenga i-Da Vinci ngezinkulungwane zamaRandi. Ngicabanga ukuthi ngiqoliwe."

I-Epithet:

Kungumthombo ukuthi ithuthukisa noma idwebela isici sebizo elihambisana nalo ngaphandle kokushintsha ingqikithi yayo.

Isibonelo:

• "Amalangabi avuthayo elanga elikhanyayo."

I-Hyperbaton:

Le nsiza yokukhuluma ijwayele ukusetshenziswa endabeni yobunkondlo. Kumayelana nokushintshaniswa kwe-syntax yomusho ukugcizelela umqondo.

Izibonelo:

• "Siyabonga uNkulunkulu ngokusikhipha enkingeni";

• “Izinkonjane ezimnyama zizobuya

izidleke zabo ukuze zilenge kuvulandi wakho” (Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer).

Isithombe:

Lesi sibalo semibhalo uzama ukwakha izithombe zengqondo noma izimpawu ngokusebenzisa amagama. Kuhloswe ukuthi umfundi acabange ngqo lokho ofuna ukukudlulisela.

Izibonelo:

• “Ngiyincwadi evuliwe”;
• "Uvikela umndeni wakhe njengenja enolaka."

Ukubuza imibuzo noma umbuzo ongaqondile:

Le nsiza idume kakhulu. Lona umbuzo ongalindele ukuphendulwa.

Izibonelo:

• “Kufanele ngikutshele kangaki ukuthi wenze umsebenzi wakho wesikole?”;
• Koze kube nini lobunzima, Nkosi?

Ukubhuqa:

Isetshenziselwa ukuveza umqondo ofuna ukubhekisela ku-referensi ephikisanayo.

Izibonelo:

• “Ngiyakuthanda ukugcina kwakho isikhathi! (ufika sekwephuzile)";
• "Ibhasi yangishiya futhi! Kodwa yeka inhlanhla kimi!"

litote:

Kuyinkulumo lapho lokho okuhloswe ukuba kube isiqinisekiso kwenqatshwa khona.

Isibonelo:

• “Akufanele ube kude kakhulu (kuseduze)”;

• “Iphupho elingapheli,

Ngifuna usuku oluhlanzekile, olujabulisayo, olukhululekile;

Angifuni ukubona ukuhwaqabala

kanzima ngeze

labo igazi eliphakamisayo noma imali”.

(Fray Luis de Leon, wakhe Ode I)

I-Antithesis:

xhuma imiqondo emibili ephikisanayo ngaphandle kokuziphikisa ukuze agcizelele umbono.

Izibonelo:

• "Uthando lufushane futhi ukukhohlwa isikhathi eside" (Pablo Neruda);
• "Isinyathelo esisodwa esincane somuntu, kodwa isinyathelo esisodwa esikhulu esintwini" (Neil Armstrong).

I-Apostrophe:

Imayelana nokuphazamisa inkhulumomphendvulwano, ukulandisa noma inkulumo ngendlela eqinile, ukuze kunxuswe ukwenziwa samuntu, okungokomfanekiso noma okwangempela.

Isibonelo:

“Awu amafu amnyama adabukisayo

indlela ohamba ngayo, ngikhiphe kulolusizi

ungiyise ekujuleni

kusukela olwandle ukuya lapho uya khona!”

(Gil Vicente, Amahlaya kaRuben).

I-Synesthesia:

isikhumbuzo semibhalo lapho izinzwa zomzimba ziyahlangana ukuze zakhe isitatimende.

Izibonelo:

• "Amazwi akho amnandi ajabulisa inhliziyo yami";
• "Lokhu kukhohlwa kuyababa, njengoba ibuhlungu impilo yomuntu ofudukayo."

Amathuluzi emibhalo yemisindo

I-Alliteration:

Ukwakhiwa komusho lapho ukuphindaphinda komsindo ofanayo kusetshenziswa ngendlela ehleliwe. Kujwayeleke ezimfumbe, emilolozelweni nasezintweni ezisonta ulimi.

Isibonelo:

• “Amahlosi amathathu adabukile agwinya ukolweni ensimini kakolweni” (i-twister yolimi edumile)”.

I-Onomatopoeia:

Amagama amafonetiki afana nalokho akumelelayo. Kusetshenziswa kakhulu olimini lwezwi.

Isibonelo:

• "I-tick-tock yewashi yayinesikhathi kanye ne-woof-woof yezinja."

I-Paranomasia:

ihambisana ne ukusetshenziswa kwamagama afanayo anezincazelo ezahlukene emshweni ofanayo. Isetshenziswa kakhulu emilolozelweni, ezinkondlweni nasezisho ezidumile.

Isibonelo:

• "I-hedgehog iyi-iridescent, bristles, curls ngokuhleka" (Octavio Paz).

amadivaysi etemibhalo e-morphosyntactic noma yohlelo lolimi

I-Polysyndeton:

Ukusetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe kwezihlanganiso ezinikeza amandla amakhulu emshweni.

Isibonelo:

• "Ukusa okuthambile nokusha nokumnandi nokuvumelanayo kwentwasahlobo, nakuba kukude, kwabonakala kuza futhi kudlula uhlaza lwakudala lwezihlahla ezithembekile nezifudumele neziningi zengadi."

I-Epanadiplosis:

Kumayelana nokuphinda igama elilodwa noma amaningana ekuqaleni nasekugcineni kokubunjwa komusho.

Isibonelo:

• “Ukuthula ebusuku, ukuthula okubuhlungu / ebusuku… (Rubén Darío, Nocturne).

I-Epiphora:

Isebenza ngokufana kakhulu neyangaphambili. Umehluko wukuthi yakhiwe ukuphindaphinda kwegama elilodwa noma ngaphezulu kuphela ekugcineni komusho.

Isibonelo:

• "Isidlo sakusihlwa salungiswa yibo bonke abadlayo, sadliwa yibo bonke abadlayo, futhi sagxekwa yibo bonke abadlayo."

Ukukhishwa:

Kuyithuluzi lokubhala kudalwe ekuthathweni kwamagama anempande efanayo (unir.net, 2022).

Isibonelo:

• "Ekuseni ekuseni wavuka ekuseni" (Miguel Hernández).

Ukuhlanganisa:

Kuqukethe ukuphindaphinda igama elilodwa noma amaningi avela ekugcineni komusho ukukuhlanganisa ekuqaleni komusho olandelayo.

Isibonelo:

Futhi njengoba nje ikati livame ukusho ngemva kwesikhashana,

igundane entanjeni,

intambo endukwini,

umnyuzi wanika uSancho,

Sancho entombazaneni,

intombazane kuye,

umgcini wendlu yezihambi entombazaneni”

(Miguel de Cervantes).

Anadiplosis:

Leli thuluzi lokukhuluma kumayelana nokuqala umusho ngamagama afanayo ophetha ngawo umusho odlule (I-Wikipedia, 2022).

Isibonelo:

“Umphefumulo kaBlancaflor;

isilonda sintanta emfuleni;

emfuleni wothando

(U-Oscar Hahn, wekhulu lama-XNUMX).

I-Anaphora:

Ukusetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe kwegama elilodwa noma amaningi ekuqaleni komusho noma ivesi. Ngokuvamile lisetshenziswa enkulumweni, futhi linenhloso yokugcizelela okuthile osekushiwo.

Isibonelo:

"Kukhona ukuqabula okuthulile, ukuqabula okuhloniphekile

kukhona ukwanga okuyindida, okuqotho

Kukhona ukuqabulana okunikezwa imiphefumulo kuphela

kukhona ukuqabula okungavunyelwe, okuyiqiniso”.

(UGabriela Mistral)

Ezinye izinsiza zemibhalo ezikhona yilezi ezilandelayo

• I-Prosthesis;
• Ukuvumelanisa;
• Ukufinyela;
• I-Metathesis;
• I-Ablaut;
• Ukufana;
• I-Ellipse;
• ukuhlanganisa;
• Hlanganyela;
• i-epiphoneme;
• Indida;
• I-Oxymoron;
• I-Etopeia;
• I-Chronography;
• I-Paralipsis.