Impilo nezinkondlo zikaPablo Neruda: imbongi yendawo yonke

Ukukhuluma ngoPablo Neruda kufanele sibuyele ekuzalweni okuphindwe kabili kwembongi efanayo. Lokho wukuthi, njengoba kwakukhona noRicardo Neftalí Reyes, kwakukhona noPablo Neruda, amagama amabili ahlukene anezindlela ezimbili zokukhuluma. Ngeke kwanele ukusho lokho URicardo Eliécer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto wazalwa ngoJulayi 12, 1904 nokuthi uPablo washona ngoSepthemba 23, 1973, kufanele ungene ujule kakhulu futhi uhlole imininingwane engapheli yale mbongi yendawo yonke.

URicardo Neftalí uthathe isinqumo sokuya enhlokodolobha ephethe ubusha bakhe ngepeni lakhe, futhi ephethe imnyuziyamu ethambekele othandweni, enjabulweni nasekwazini. Uyise wembongi wayengalithandi ithalente lakhe lezinkondlo, lokho kwaletha umehluko phakathi kwabo. Njengomphumela wokukhathazeka noyise, uRicardo wanquma ukwamukela igama likaPablo Neruda, igama-mbumbulu elamphelekezela kwaze kwaba sekugcineni nokuthi ngaleso sikhathi lamkhulula emacaleni omndeni. Ithalente lembongi lalidume kabi, kwaze kwathi, lapho lineminyaka engu-16 kuphela ubudala, ngo-1921, lawina umncintiswano walo wokuqala wezinkondlo.

Imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala

Isitayela sikaPablo Neruda Kwakuqhuma, le nsizwa yaqala ukubhala ngokungahambi kahle, futhi ihaba elalimhlukanisa ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyinkanyezi yakhe yokuphila. Ngokwesibonelo, Twilight (1923) wazalwa maphakathi nokutholakala kwemizwa nemizwa yakhe.

Ngokulandelayo, imbongi encane umangaze umphakathi wezincwadi ngomunye wemisebenzi ethengiswa kakhulu ngolimi lweSpanishi: Izinkondlo zothando ezingama-20 nengoma yokuphelelwa yithemba (1924). Lo msebenzi ungene ngokujulile emhlabeni wezincwadi futhi wavula iminyango yempumelelo kumbhali osemncane.

Imbongi ye-avant-garde

Izici zeNerudian zaqala ukukhombisa ubuso obusha. I-avant-garde kaNeruda yabonakala ekuphatheni izakhiwo zezinkondlo, ekuphazamisekeni kobuciko bakhe, enkululekweni yomcabango wakhe nasekukhathaleleni okujulile ngezinkinga zomphakathi. Imbongi efanayo, emlandweni wayo wokuphila, yaqinisekisa: "Bekungenakwenzeka ukuvala umnyango womgwaqo ngaphakathi kwezinkondlo zami." Ngalesi sikhathi, uRicardo Reyes waqala ukuqonda ukuthi uNeruda usebe yinto engaphezu kwegama: udumo.

Ukuguqulwa kwemvelo, ukuguqulwa kombono wempilo

Yebo, Ngenkathi edlula ekuthuleni kukaParral, okuyidolobha lakubo, eya endaweni eseduze yokuthi ukufika komsebenzi wakhe wobuzimele emhlabeni wonke kumnikeze khona, imbongi yomhlaba yavela, umqoqi wezinto, imbongi egqolozele amehlo, owaseLatin American owabhala Jikelele hlabelela kanye nomamukeli weNobel Prize for Literature ngo-1971. Ngamanye amazwi, kusuka kuRicardo okhohliwe wagxumela kuPablo onikezelwe.

Izigaba ezine zokudala zikaNeruda

Impilo kaPablo Neruda yayibonakala ngokuba nezigaba ezine zokudala, ngasinye senziwa izimo ezazimzungezile.. Ekuqaleni, ubuntwana bakhe eParral kanye neminyaka yakhe yokuqala eSantiago, echaza imbongi yothando ethonywe yisimanjemanje sikaRubén Darío. Esigabeni sesibili, isigaba somsebenzi wakhe: Indawo yokuhlala emhlabeni (1937), ekhomba ukuhlala kwakhe eBurma, Colombo naseHolland lapho athola khona umshado wakhe wokuqala kwemithathu. Okwesithathu, isigaba sakhe sezepolitiki, kusukela ngo-1937, saqhubeka waze wafa. Kulesi sigaba sokugcina incwadi yezincwadi yehlukaniswa nomsebenzi weNerudian: Jikelele hlabelela (1950).

Ngalo mqondo ofanayo, lapho ekhuluma ngenkathi yesine emsebenzini kaNeruda, ukunakwa okukhethekile akunika izinto “ezingabalulekile” kakhulu kufanele kubhalwe ohlwini. Izindikimba eziphindaphindwayo emsebenzini kaNeruda zazigxile kokungokoqobo kwansuku zonke, kwasekhaya, ezehlakalweni zomgwaqo, kukho konke. Izinkondlo zakhe ngalomqondo zembuleka ku Ama-Elemental Odes. Isibonelo, ku- "Ode to the Artichoke", akuyena nje noma ngubani oguqula isitshalo sibe liqhawe eliphupha ngamasosha bese ligcina ngokuthula kwembiza. Ubuhlakani bukaNeruda, ngaphandle kokungabaza, wadansa waya kumongo wakhe. Zingabizwa futhi ngokuthi: Ode emoyeni, Ode kuya anyanisi, Ode esakhiweni, Ode umona, Ode ukudabuka, Ode izinombolo, Ode iwashi ebusuku, phakathi kwabanye.

UNeruda namakhosikazi akhe amathathu

UNeruda wayenabafazi abathathu: UMaría Antonieta Hagenaar, ahlangana naye eJava, eDelia del Carril, owathi nakuba eseneminyaka engama-50 wakwazi ukuthumba uPablo oneminyaka engama-30 ubudala, noMatilde Urrutia, umhlengikazi nomenzi wekhaya owayemnakekela i-phlebitis ngenkathi eseMexico. Kulaba bokugcina wanikezela iqoqo lakhe lezinkondlo Amavesi kaputeni, incwadi ehlukaniswe izingxenye eziyisikhombisa futhi lapho ngayinye ichaza ukulandelana, ngokusho kwembongi, kobunye ubudlelwane bothando: "Uthando", "Isifiso", "AmaFury", "Ukuphila", "Ode nokuhluma", " U-Epitalamio "no" Incwadi esemgwaqweni ".

Izinkondlo zikaPablo Neruda

Ngezansi kunezinkondlo ezintathu zikaPablo Neruda, lobu buhlakani bevesi:

U-Angela Adonica

Namuhla ngizelulele eduze kwentokazi emsulwa
njengasogwini lolwandle olumhlophe,
njengaphakathi kwenkanyezi evuthayo
isikhala esincane.

Ngokubheka kwakhe okuluhlaza okotshani
ukukhanya kwawa njengamanzi omile,
kumibuthano ejulile esobala
yamandla amasha.

Isifuba sakhe sinjengomlilo wamalangabi amabili
yasha ezindaweni ezimbili eziphakanyisiwe,
futhi emfuleni ophindwe kabili yafinyelela ezinyaweni zakhe,
okukhulu nokucacile.

Isimo sezulu segolide besingakavuthwa
ubude besikhathi sokushiswa komzimba wakhe
ukugcwalisa izithelo ezisakazwayo
nomlilo ocashile.

Amor

Owesifazane, ngabe ngiyindodana yakho, ngokuphuza kwakho
ubisi lwamabele njengesiphethu,
ngokukubuka nokukuzwa useceleni kwami ​​nokuba nawe
ekuhlekeni kwegolide nezwi le-crystal.
Ngokukuzwa emithanjeni yami njengoNkulunkulu emifuleni
ngikukhonze emathanjeni adabukile othuli nomcako,
ngoba ubukhona bakho buzodlula ngaphandle kobuhlungu eduze kwami
ngaphuma ngestanza-sahlanza bonke ububi-.

Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi ngikuthanda kanjani, wesifazane, bengizokwazi kanjani
ngiyakuthanda, ngikuthanda ngokungathi akekho owake wazi!
Kufa futhi kuthule
Ngikuthanda kakhulu.
Futhi nokho
Ngikuthanda kakhulu
nokuningi

Umakhelwane ongenakho ukukhanya

Ngabe izinkondlo zezinto ziyahamba
noma impilo yami ayikwazi ukukugoqa?
Izolo -bheka ukuhwalala kokugcina-
Ngangiyisiqeshana sobulembu phakathi kwamanxiwa athile.

Imizi -soles nokuziphindiselela-,
impunga engcolile yamadlelo,
ihhovisi eligobisa umhlane walo,
umphathi onamafu.

Igazi elibomvu emagqumeni,
igazi emigwaqweni nasezikweleni,
ubuhlungu bezinhliziyo eziphukile,
Ngizobola ngokudinwa nezinyembezi.

Umfula uhlanganisa idolobha
njengesandla esineqhwa esilinga ebumnyameni:
babe namahloni emanzini alo
ukubona izinkanyezi.

Nezindlu ezifihla izifiso
ngemuva kwamawindi akhanyayo,
ngenkathi ngaphandle komoya
ulethe udaka oluncane rose ngalinye.

Kude ... nenkungu yokulibala
-Umusi omkhulu, amanzi aphukile-,
futhi insimu, insimu eluhlaza! lapho behefuzela khona
izinkabi namadoda ajulukile.

Futhi ngilapha, ngihlume phakathi kwamanxiwa,
iluma kuphela lonke usizi,
ngathi ukukhala kwakuyimbewu
futhi yimina kuphela umsele emhlabeni.

UNeruda, usiba olwenza izinkondlo konke

UPablo Neruda wayeyimbongi yendawo yonke ngoba wabhalela konke okukhona, imibuzo, izimpendulo, ukuqiniseka, amanga, ukungaqondi kahle, ubulungiswa, izindinganiso. Ngendlela efanayo, akazange ashiye evesini lakhe okwenzeka esikhathini esidlule, usizi lwamanje kanye nokukhohlisa ngekusasa lakhe.

Futhi wayeculela izimbangela, ezepolitiki, indoda, ubuntwana, ubusha, injabulo nentukuthelo. Kodwa-ke, into emangalisa kakhulu ukushiya ngemuva izidalwa zakhe izithombe ezingenakulinganiswa esiqhubeka sizithola nanamuhla. Yiyo le yokugcina emenza abe yimbongi engenakwenzeka kukhathalogi.

Incwadi kaPablo Neruda

Kufanele kukhulunywe ngokukhethekile ngezincwadi zakhe, kuyo kukhona izincwadi ezathunyelwa othandweni lobuncane bakhe, u-Albertina Azocar, izincwadi eziya emndenini wakhe, kumngane wakhe uHéctor Eandi nezincwadi zothando eziya kuMatilde Urrutia. Mayelana nomuntu owayenguthando lokugcina olukhulu empilweni yakhe, wambhalela incwadi yangoDisemba 21, 1950 washo okulandelayo: “Uma uza, ungathembela kimi ukuthi ngizosusa intukuthelo yami. Ngiyakudinga impela. Manje ungangibhaleli ngasese kakhulu. Ngiphendule ngendlela ejwayelekile ngempilo yakho namaphrojekthi akho ”. Ngokusobala, kwaziwa ukuthi wayengasafuni ukuqhubeka nokufihla lobu budlelwano ne-Urrutia.

I-Isla Negra, itheku layo lokugcina

Ngaphezu kwemisebenzi esivele ibizwa ngegama, kungacashunwa okulandelayo: Twilight, Farewell and sobs, I-slinger enomdlandla, Amagilebhisi Nomoya, i-Estravagario, Ukuzulazula ne-Returns, Amanethi Ayikhulu Amakhulu Wothando, futhi Isla Negra Memorial. Mayelana ne-Isla Negra, lapho kungcwatshwa khona izidumbu zakhe, kulapho abhala khona: "Yimi lo, ngizothi, ukushiya lesi sizathu esibhaliwe: le mpilo yami.". Ngokusobala, leli qoqo lezinkondlo laqala isigaba salo sokugcina futhi kubafundi abanentshiseko bekhulu lama-XNUMX leminyaka ukuqhubeka nokuhlola umkhathi omkhulu weNerudian.

I-Neruda nokuphakama kwezinto nezinto

Ngezinkondlo zikaPablo Neruda konke kwaba nencazelo entsha, amavesi eqhwa aphakama, imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yagcwala futhi iminenke yasePacific Ocean yabanjwa. NgeNeruda amadoda alula aqhubeka nokukhuphuka, amehlo ahaqayo, amakhaya abhujisiwe, amaqanda avutshiwe. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukubala ikhathalogi imbongi ebhalele cishe yonke into futhi esaqhubeka nokubhala ngaphandle kokubhala.