UGabriel Garcia Marquez.
Umsebenzi kaGabriel García Márquez wokubhala ugcwele izincwadi ezingafi ezamenza wawina uMklomelo KaNobel Wezincwadi ngo-1982. Enye yezincwadi zakhe ehlonishwa kakhulu Uthando ngezikhathi zekholera (1985), osakhiwo sakhe, ngokwamagama ombhali weNew Granadan, “cishe iwumdlalo owuchungechunge”. Lokhu kungenxa yesakhiwo "eside kakhulu, esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi esigcwele izindawo ezijwayelekile".
Ngokufanayo, "Gabo" -isidlaliso sombhali waseColombia- akhombe ku Madame Bovary (1856) nguGustave Flaubert njengethonya elinqumayo ekuchazeni le noveli. Ngokunjalo, uMárquez uthathe izinto eziningi ebudlelwaneni babazali bakhe ukuze ahlanganise le ndaba. Umphumela uba ukuhlonishwa okumangalisayo othandweni olungapheli, ukuzijabulisa nokufa.
Ukuhlaziywa Uthando ngezikhathi zekholera
uhlaka lomlando
Nakuba zingekho izinkomba ezicacile zeminyaka ehlanganiswe yile noveli, kunamaqiniso amaningana omlando avumela ukukuhlaka. Isibonelo, umshado phakathi kukaFermina Daza noDokotela Juvenal Urbino wayenodokotela u-Rafael Núñez (1825-1894) njengo-godfather. Lona wakamuva waba umongameli waseColombia ngezikhathi ezintathu ezahlukene phakathi kuka-1880 no-1887.
Ezinye izenzakalo zomlando zilandisiwe
- Izinganekwane zikaHoffman, i-opera eyaboniswa okokuqala eParis ngo-February 10, 1881
- Ukuvinjezelwa kweCartagena okuholwa nguJenene uRicardo Gaitán Obeso (1885)
- UMongameli waseColombia uMarco Fidel Suárez uyavela (wabamba isikhundla phakathi kuka-1918 no-1921)
- Kubhekiselwa egunyeni lika-Enrique Olaya Herrera, usopolitiki okhululekile owayengamele izwe lekhofi phakathi kuka-1930 no-1934.
Izehlakalo zangempela ezichazwe kule noveli
UFermina, Florentino kanye noDkt. Urbino abalingiswa benganekwane ngokuphelele. Nokho, eziningi zezenzo zakhe zenzeka ekuphileni kwangempela. Maqondana nokuqala kothando lwabazali bakhe, uGarcía Márquez wachaza: "Izindaba zothando zikaFlorentino Ariza noFermina Daza, angijabulile eminyakeni yokuqala, bayikhophi yezwi nezwi, umzuzu nomzuzu, ngothando lwabazali bami".
Abalingiswa abakhulu
Fermina Daza
Owesifazane oziqhenyayo ngokuthambekela kokuxhamazela kanye nesimilo esiqinile. Naphezu komqondo wakhe wokuhlubuka, ekujuleni kwakhe uvame ukuzizwa engalondekile ngaye.. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, usebenzisa intukuthelo ukuze angesabi. Kunoma yikuphi, ekugcineni uvumela izifiso zomkhaya wakhe, aqede ubuhlobo babo nothando lweqiniso—uFlorentino—futhi avume ukushada noDkt. Urbino.
UFlorentino Ariza
Usomabhizinisi onemvelaphi ethobekile onesipho sembongi ethandana kakhulu noFermina, afunga kuye ukwethembeka okuphakade. Ukuze axhumane nesithandwa sakhe, unosizo luka-Escolástica, ubabekazi wale ntokazi. Uyakwazi ukugcina isithembiso sakhe isikhathi esithile, kodwa ngemva kokulahlekelwa ubuntombi bakhe kumuntu angamazi emkhunjini, uba umpetha wabesifazane.
I-Juvenal Urbino
Umyeni kaFermina nodokotela ozinikele ekuqedeni ikholera kubantu bakubo. Uyindoda ethandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuzinikela kwakhe kwabanye. Nokho, udokotela akaqondile njengoba zonke izakhamuzi zicabanga, njengoba ephinga nesinye seziguli zakhe (uBárbara Lynch).
Isiqubulo
Isizinda esikhulu sale noveli sithi ogwini lwaseColombia lwaseCaribbean, ikakhulukazi nxazonke Cartagena. Lapho, UFlorentino noFermina bathandana besebancane kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, intombazane igcina ishade noDkt. Juvenal Urbino, insizwa efunwa kakhulu ngabesifazane abangashadile basedolobheni futhi ejwayele ukuzenzisa kuka-Lorenzo Daza, uyise kaFermina.
Ingcaphuno kaGabriel Garcia Marquez
Uma kubhekwa lesi simo, UFlorentino unquma ukulinda iminyaka engu-50 kuze kube sekufeni kukadokotela. Ngemva kokushiywa nguye, umlingiswa oyinhloko uba umnikazi (kanye nabafowabo) benkampani yomfula ukuze inyukele emphakathini. Phakathi kokwenyanya kwakhe, ulala nabesifazane abangaphezu kwekhulu, kodwa akalokothi akhohlwe uFermina; kungakadluli ngisho nengxenye yekhulu leminyaka.
Indaba yothando enokuhambisana kwamanje
Ukushicilela nokuthengisa
Uhlelo lokuqala lwe- Uthando ngezikhathi zekholera yakhululwa ngoDisemba 5, 1985. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwase kudlule iminyaka emibili uGabriel García Márquez athola uMklomelo KaNobel Wezincwadi. Incwadi ithumele izinombolo ezinhle zokuthengisa futhi isihunyushelwe ezilimini eziyishumi nambili kuze kube manje. Ukwengeza, isihloko sathola imiklomelo eminingana, okuhlanganisa:
- incwadi engcono kakhulu yezinganekwane Los Angeles Times (United States, 1988)
- Umklomelo kaGutenberg, inoveli ehamba phambili yangaphandle (France, 1989).
Kakade ezikhathini zamuva nje, umshicileli wePenguin Random House ubike ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwesihloko kukhule kakhulu selokhu kwavela ubhubhane lwe-Covid-19. Mayelana, UCristóbal Pera umqondisi weVintage Spanish -inkampani engaphansi kwePenguin Random House- wathi: “enhliziyweni, ikhuluma ngothando olunqoba ikholera, ubhubhane, futhi olunikeza ithemba elikhulu” (Isikhathi, 2020).
Ukujwayela isikrini esikhulu
Uthando Esikhathini SeKholera (2007) kwakuyifilimu yokuqala ethathelwe isihloko sikaGarcía Márquez eyenziwe yisitudiyo saseHollywood. Kuyo, ama-protagonist adlalwa nguGiovanna Mezzogiorno Endimeni ye UFermina, Javier Bardem njengoba Florentino Ariza kanye Benjamin Bratt emele i uDkt urbino, ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaMike Newell.
Sobre el autor
Indodana kaGabriel Eligio García kanye noLuisa Santiaga Márquez Iguarán, UGabriel José de la Concordia García Márquez wazalwa ngo-March 6, 1927, e-Aracataca., Magdalena, Colombia. Ukuphikisa kukayise kaLuisa, uColonel Nicolás Ricardo Márquez Mejía (umbhali wesikhathi esizayo achitha naye esemncane), ebudlelwaneni babazali bakhe kuzobonakala Uthando ngezikhathi zekholera.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i UColonel waba nomthelela othi "Gabito" ngezindaba zakhe ezimayelana nokufa nemicimbi efana neMassacre of the banana plantations (1928). Emcimbini oshiwo ngenhla, cishe abasebenzi abayi-1800 ababetelekile be-United Fruit Company yase-United States babulawa amasosha aseColombia. Le nhlekelele yathathwa nguGarcía Márquez encwadini yakhe yokungcwelisa, ethi, Iminyaka eyikhulu yedwa.
Umsebenzi wezincwadi
Ukukhishwa kokuqala kwemibhalo kaGabo kwaqondana nokuqala komsebenzi wakhe wobuntatheli ku Umbukeli yaseColombia ngonyaka ka-1947. Ngokunjalo, iphephandaba okukhulunywe ngalo ngenhla lishicilele zonke izinto ezidalwe nguGarcía Márquez kwaze kwaba ngu-1952. Ngobuntatheli—kanye nokwakhiwa kwamanoveli—, uGarcía Márquez wayehlose ukudala umphakathi ongenzeleli.
Ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi nengxenye ikhiqiziwe yaqala ukudayiswa Iminyaka eyikhulu yedwa (1967) eBuenos Aires; okunye kungumlando. Kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe ngo-Ephreli 17, 2014 eMexico, umbhali waseNew Granada washicilela amanoveli ayishumi nambili., izindaba ezine, izindaba ezintathu ezingezona izinganekwane, imibhalo yezintatheli eyishumi nesikhombisa, umdlalo nemibhalo eminingi, okuhlanganisa nezikhumbuzo, izinkulumo nezinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi zamafilimu.
Amanoveli kaGabriel Garcia Marquez
- Udoti (1955)
- UColonel akanamuntu ongambhalela (1961)
- Isikhathi esibi (1962)
- Iminyaka eyikhulu yedwa (1967)
- Ekwindla Komphathi (1975)
- Umlando Wokufa Okubikezelwe (1981)
- Uthando ngezikhathi zekholera (1985)
- Ujenene ku-labyrinth yakhe (1989)
- Uthando Namanye Amademoni (1994)
- Izinkumbulo zezifebe zami ezidabukisayo (2004).