Isihlahla sesayensi Kuyinto, ngokusho kwakhe siqu I-Pío Baroja, inoveli engcono kakhulu ayibhala. Ithathwa njenge-semi-autobiographical, ikhombisa ulwazi lwakhe oluhlonza umlingiswa oyinhloko, Andres Hurtado. Lokhu ukubuyekezwa nokuhlaziya okuningiliziwe ngakho.
Umuthi wolwazi - ukubuyekeza
Kuthunyelwe ku- 1911, indikimba eyinhloko ithi a indaba ye-existential disorientation. ilandisa impilo ka Andres Hurtado, umuntu walahlekelwa ukuphila okungenanjongo naphakathi kobunzima obumholela ekudumazekeni okuqhubekayo. Ihlukaniswe yaba Izingxenye ezimbili con Izahluko eziyi-53 yesandiso esingeside kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kukhona futhi imijikelezo emibili noma izigaba zempilo ka-Hurtado, ehlukaniswe yikhefu engxenyeni yesine.
Izingxenye
La eyokuqala neyesibili zinikezelwe u-andres ukuqeqeshwa, umndeni wakhe kanye nezifundo. Isimo somndeni wakhe simenza a umfana ohoxisiwe ozizwa elahliwe. Abafowabo futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuqina nokuqhubekayo ukungezwani noyise Bazonquma umqondo wakho olandelayo wempilo.
Ezifundweni zakhe zobudokotela (njengeBaroja) akatholanga lutho oluzodambisa isifiso sakhe solwazi. inyuvesi nesayensi ngokuvamile ku-a isimo esidabukisayo, abafundi ababonisi intshisekelo yokufunda futhi banonya, futhi othisha abahlakaniphile futhi abakwazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxhumana kwakhe nabagulayo endaweni izibhedlela, usizi nonya olwengeziwe kumenza awele kwesinye isimo ukucindezeleka.
Ngaphandle kwezifundo zakhe, u-Andrés uphinde athole okusha izinhlupheko zomphakathi: lezo ezizungezile Lulú, isibonelo, a mujer okuyoba nomthelela onamandla ekuphileni kwakhe, futhi eside ukugula nokufa komfowabo uLouis omncane. La maqiniso azomenza ukungabaza ngaphambi kwesayensi.
Ingabe ku wesithathu ingxenye lapho sibona khona okukhulu ukudideka we-protagonist Kwe ikota sine- mpikiswano neyakhe umalume iturrioz lapho bexoxa ngokuhlangenwe nakho kokuphila.
La owesihlanu nowesithupha sibonise i-Andrés entsha nakho emaphandleni nasedolobheni, ukubuyela kwakhe eMadrid nokuvela kabusha kukaLulú.
El imvelo embi kubantu baseManchego (I-Alcolea del Campo) lapho aqala khona ukusebenza njengodokotela ekhiqiza ukujula ukungakhululeki bese enquma ukuhamba Madrid. Kodwa lapho naye uyozithola elahlekile futhi enobuhlungu obufanayo. Konke futhi kuholela ku-a ukungabi nathemba okuphelele ngokwepolitiki futhi uyazihlukanisa kakhulu.
Kakade ku- owesikhombisa su umshado nolulu kuyokunika ukuthula okulinganiselwe. Kodwa ukuphila ngeke kumnike ukuthula futhi ngemva kokushona kwendodana yakhe bese kuba umkakhe, ukudumala kokugcina kuzobangela ukuzibulala kwakhe.
Personajes
Ngaphezu kwalezi eziyinhloko, kunezinye eziningi zesibili. I-Baroja inika ukubaluleka okwengeziwe kwabanye abafana ne Ubaba ka-Andrew, a ngudlozi ukukhohlisa ngokubukeka; UJulio Aracil, umngane ovela enyuvesi engathembekile, ogxekayo kanye nomfana ozelwe ukudlala; Luisito, umfowabo omncane, wenkulu i-ternura; kanye nomalume I-Iturrioz, a ifilosofi yemibono ethile kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwezinhlamvu nakho kuyisici se-Barojian.
Ngokuqondene nalabo okukhulunywe ngabo ekudluleni kuphela, sinawo abafundisi abangenamsebenzi, ababi abafundi, the uyagula kanye nabasebenzi basesibhedlela, abantu base-Alcolea nabanye abaningi.
I-Baroja isebenzisa a i-stepwise characterization technique, okusho ukuthi, abalingiswa babo bachazwa kancane kancane, bayaguquka futhi kancane kancane bathole ubuntu babo.
Ukubeka
Futhi i isisekelo esiyisisekelo. I izigcawu njengekhona lika-Andrés, yini engabonwa efasiteleni lakhe, i amakhofi, igumbi lokuhlinza, izibhedlela, indlu yakwaMinglanilla nezinye. I imihlaba azinazo izincazelo ezinde, njengesibonelo, i imidwebo yedolobha laseValencia, indlu noma izivande. Igagasi le I-Alcolea, indawo yakho, i ukukhanya, ukushisa okushisayo kwehlobo, noma umkhathi we fonda, kusuka yekhasino kanye nemigwaqo njll
Ingqikithi yezenhlalo
Isihlahla sesayensi sikhombisa kahle kakhulu isimo sezwe eminyakeni edlule 1898. Ezifundweni zezokwelapha zika-Andrés, umuntu angakwazi kakade ubumpofu bamasiko ukuthi kwakukhona, lapho ukungakwazi ukusebenza kothisha futhi ugcizelela ukuthi unganaki zabafundi kanye ukwedelela ngokuvamile eyesayensi nocwaningo.
Kodwa uphi umbono weqiniso womphakathi waseSpain wangaleso sikhathi ungaphakathi ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwempilo yezwe kanye nedolobha. Izwe lasemaphandleni lase-Alcolea liyizwe elifile, elibuswa ukuntula ubumbano nokungabi nandaba kwezakhamuzi zakhona lapho bebhekene nokungabi nabulungisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubikwa i-caciquismo okwakukhona. Futhi idolobha liyindawo lapho usizi luvela khona futhi ngokumelene nokungathandisisi kwabacebe kakhulu. Ngaphambi kwalokhu umlingiswa oyinhloko uzizwa kabi intukuthelo okubonakala singekho isisombululo futhi esincike ku-a i-anarchism enkulu.
Ukuzethemba
Umqondo obalulekile wale noveli, njengoba iBaroja iphinde yawubuyekeza, wawumayelana a umsebenzi wefilosofi isikhungo sakhe esisezingxabano ezikhona. Ngokufigqiwe, ukuphila komuntu kuhlala ngaphandle kwencazelo noma incazelo, futhi njengoba ibinzana elilodwa lithi: "... kwakubonakala kuye into embi, enamafu, ebuhlungu futhi engenakuvinjelwa."
Impela
Isihlahla sesayensi Iphuma kakhulu ku-Baroja kokubili ngokuqukethwe kwayo nokugxila kwayo kanye nezici zayo ezihlelekile, futhi iyinoveli emele kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi.