Ukuhamba kukaGulliver
Ukuhamba kukaGulliver kuyisiqubulo se-prose, esibhekwa njengomsebenzi ovelele kakhulu obhalwe yi-Irishman Jonathan Swift. Yashicilelwa ngo-Okthoba 1726 futhi kusukela lapho ukuthandwa kwayo sekuholele ekutheni kube yinto yakudala yezincwadi zomhlaba. Umbhali wadala lo mbhalo njengokuhlekisa "ngezindaba zokuhamba", wengeza ukugxeka okunamandla kwamasiko, izindlela zepolitiki, kanye nemvelo yomuntu.
La inoveli kuyinto egcwele inganekwane ngokuthinta nokuhlekisa, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abaningi bacabanga ukuthi kuwumsebenzi wezingane. I-protagonist yale ndaba ULemuweli gulliver, udokotela okuthi, ngenxa yezimo ezithile, anqume ukuthatha uhambo. Kuwo wonke uhambo lwakho uzophila okuhle kakhulu futhi uzohlangana nemiphakathi emine eyehlukile, konke kwehluke kakhulu kweyakho.
Isifinyezo se- Ukuhamba kukaGulliver (1726)
Kuyinoveli ehlekisayo lapho kukhulunywa khona ngohambo amane lodokotela ohlinzayo, owayesekhathele inkambiso wanquma ukuqala izindlela eziningi zasolwandle. Lo msebenzi kuyincwadi yakudala futhi iguqulelwe kaningi, kokubili ifilimu, ithelevishini, umsakazo kanye nemidlalo. Futhi, ababhali abahlukene benze iziqu endabeni, ngohambo olusha olwenziwe nguLemuel Gulliver odumile.
Isiqubulo
ULemuel Gulliver ungudokotela udokotela ohlinzayo onezingane, Umdabu waseNottinghamshire. Yena uzokwenza izinkambo ezine azohlala kuzo Amazing e ezamehlela ezithakazelisayo. Esimeni ngasinye uzophelela esiqhingini esihlukile, lapho uzohlangana khona nemiphakathi emine. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukhombise njalo lapho ubuyela eNgilandi futhi ubuze konke ngempilo yakho.
Uhambo lokuqala
NgoMeyi 1699, Gulliver uqala uhambo lwakhe lokuqala, okuyiwona gibela i-Antelope. Ngemuva kwesiphepho esinamandla, umkhumbi uyacwila futhi uLemuweli kumele abhukude ngokungakhathali kuze kube yilapho ufuna umhlabathi oqinile. Ngemuva kokuzulazula emanzini aneziyaluyalu, uyakwazi ukufika osebeni, lapho alala khona ngenxa yomzamo omkhulu owenziwe. I-protagonist ivuka iboshwe futhi izungezwe abantu abancane: abahlali baseLilliput.
Ngosuku olulandelayo, UGulliver uhlangana nombusi wesiqhingi, azwelana naye futhi uthole ukuzethemba. Kulula ngaye ukuzivumelanisa nezimo; funda ngokushesha ulimi olusha namasiko. Udokotela wamthanda umbusi kangangokuthi unquma ukumkhulula, kodwa umphathi wamabutho (angangenisanga ngaye) konakalisa yonke into, ukuze ukukhululwa kwesigebenga kungaphansi kwemibandela ethile, engeke imvumele ukuthi abuyele ekhaya.
Njengoba isikhathi sihamba, kuba nempi phakathi kwamaLilliputians nombuso waseBlefuscu. —Futhi nabantu abancane. Ngezindleko zobukhulu bayo obukhulu, UGulliver uthwebula le mikhumbi yesitha, emzuzela isicoco sokuhlonishwa. Ngemuva kokwala ukuguqula iBlefuscu ibe ikoloni laseLilliput, uLemuel uzokweqa phakathi kwezinhlangothi aze akwazi ukubuyisa isikebhe esilingana naso abaleka ngaso abuyele eNgilandi.
Uhambo lwesibili
Ezinyangeni ezimbili ngemuva kokubuyela emndenini wakhe, UGulliver unquma ukuthatha uhambo olusha, ngalesi sikhathi ku-Adventure. Nakulokhu, isivunguvungu senza umkhumbi uphelelwe indlela futhi sigcine sibhidlikile esiqhingini saseBrobdingnag. Lapho wonke umuntu ubuka umuntu omkhulu, owenza iqembu libaleke ngokwesaba, kanti uLemuweli ugijimela ensimini.
Ukuba lapho, Umlimi omamitha angama-22 ubude uthatha iGulliver ukuze ayikhombise njengokuheha isekisi. Uhlela ukumyisa kuNdlovukazi, lowo ofuna ngokushesha ukuhlala naye njengesilwane esifuywayo. Ukuba sesigodlweni, uLemuweli uzobhekana nezingozi eziningi ngenxa yobukhulu bakhe obuncane. Ngenxa yesimo esimangalisayo, uzokwazi ukufinyelela olwandle, ukuze kamuva asindiswe yimikhumbi yamaNgisi.
Ukuhamba kwesithathu
Ezinyangeni kamuva - ziqhutshwa yizinkinga ezithile zomndeni—, UGulliver unquma ukuhamba futhi. Kulokhu, umkhumbi uhlaselwa abaphangi nalapho bebaleka izophela ezweni elingaziwa. ULemuweli uhamba indawo, lapho ngokungazelelwe, isithunzi esikhulu siyamsibekela, lapho ebheka isibhakabhaka, thola isiqhingi ezintantayo ngaphezu kwakhe. Ngemuva kokucela usizo, amanye amadoda aphonsa intambo bese ekwazi ukugibela kuwo.
Lesi siqhingi esingaqondakali sabizwa ngokuthi: Laputa, kulo mphakathi yonke into iphethwe ngomculo nangezibalo. Ngokushesha uGulliver uyakhathala ngalo mphakathi ongajwayelekile futhi ucela ukubuyiselwa emhlabeni., lapho avakashela khona uBalnibarbi izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ekugcineni unquma ukubuyela eNgilandi, edlula eGlubbdubdrib ngaphambi kokuvakashela isangoma, ngaphezu kokuhlangana nezidalwa ezingafiyo ezibizwa ngama-struldbrugs.
Uhambo lwesine
UGulliver wayenqume ukuhlala eNgilandi futhi angaphinde ahambe. Ngemuva kwesikhathi sokubhoreka, wanquma ukubuyela olwandle, kulokhu njengokaputeni womkhumbi. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuhamba ngomkhumbi, ukuhlubuka phakathi kwabasebenzi kwaholela ekutheni uLemuweli asale dengwane esiqhingini. Lapho uzohlangana nemiphakathi emibili ehlukene: amaYahoos namaHouyhnhnms, abokugcina yibo ababusa le ndawo.
I-Yahoos ngabantu abahlala endle, ihlale ingcolile futhi futhi ingathembekile. Ngokwengxenye yayo, ama-houyhnhnms akhuluma ngamahhashi, uhlakaniphe kakhulu futhi wenza ngokusekelwe ezizathwini. IGulliver ihlangana kahle nale mpucuko, futhi nsuku zonke ukuzonda kwakhe uhlanga lwesintu kuyanda; noma, ekugcineni - ngokungahambisani nentando yakhe - ubuyiselwa eNgilandi.
Ukubuyekezwa komlando womlobi
UJonathan Swift
NgoLwesithathu, Novemba 30, 1667, eDublin City (E-Ireland) wabona ukuzalwa kuka ingane ebhapathiziwe njenge UJonathan Swift. Abazali bakhe kwakungu-Abigail Erick noJonathan Swift, bobabili abokufika abangamaNgisi. Ngaphambi nje kokuzalwa kwakhe, ubaba wakhe wadlula emhlabeni, okwenza umama wakhe wabuyela eNgilandi. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ahambe, lo wesifazane wahamba ukukhuliswa nguJonathan ophethe kusuka kuMalume uGodwin.
Izifundo nemisebenzi yokuqala
Wayefundiswe ukubonga kumalume wakhe, ngoba waphila iminyaka yakhe yokuqala empofu enkulu. Ufunde eKilkenny School wathola iziqu zeBachelor of Arts eTrinity College, eDublin.. Ngo-1688 wabuyela nomama wakhe eNgilandi, lapho, ngenxa yakhe wakwazi ukusebenza njengonobhala wombhali waseNgilandi nosopolitiki uSir William Temple, owayeyisihlobo esikude futhi futhi engumngani kamalume wakhe uGodwin.
Ngokuhambisana nemisebenzi yakhe njengendawo yokuqala yethempeli iBaronet, Waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe zaseyunivesithi futhi wagcotshwa njengompristi waseSheshi ngo-1694. Ekhathele ukuba mncane nokunganyuselwa esikhundleni, wanquma ukubuyela e-Ireland ukuyothatha isifunda saseKilroot. Ngo-1696, wabuyela eMoor Park - eqinisekiswe yiThempeli - ukuyolungisa izikhumbuzo zakhe nezincwadi ngaphambi kokushicilelwa.
USwift wasebenza noSir Temple waze washona ngo-1699. Ngaleyo minyaka uthole ulwazi olunzulu kwezombusazwe, ezenkolo kanye nemibhalo wedolobha, okwaholela ekubeni ngumuntu obalulekile futhi onethonya. Futhi, ku- Ngaleso sikhathi wabhala umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala, Impi phakathi kwezincwadi zasendulo nezanamuhla, eyakhishwa kamuva ngo-1704.
Umjaho wezincwadi
Ngemuva kwalokho ukwethulwa kombhalo wakhe wokuqala, ngawo lowo nyaka waqala ngokubhala okuhlekisayo ngencwadi yakhe yesibili: Umlando wobhavu (1704). Usebenze njengomhleli oyinhloko kuleli phephandaba Umhloli, lapho ashicilela khona izindatshana eziningana ezincoma uhulumeni waseTory, owayengumeluleki wawo kusukela ngo-1710 kuya ku-1714.
Ngo-1726 wethula ngokungaziwa ukuthi yini eyayizoba ubuciko bakhe obukhulu: Ukuhamba kukaGulliver. Lokhu kumholele ekutheni abe ngomunye wabakhulumi ababaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngale ndaba yefilosofi, USwift wenza umdlalo wezincwadi zokuhamba ithandwa kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi, lapho abhala khona isitayela se-misanthropic esiveze imisebenzi yakhe eminingana.
Isebenza nguJonathan Swift
- Impi phakathi kwezincwadi zasendulo nezanamuhla (ishumi nanye)
- Umlando womgqomo(1704)
- Ukuziphatha kwababambisene nabo(1711)
- Indaba yomgqomo (1713)
- Izincwadi zikaRagman(1724)
- Ukuhamba KukaGulliver (1726)
- Isiphakamiso esithobekile (1729)
Ukufa
Kusukela ngo-1738 uSwift waqala ukuphathwa yisifo esingaqondakali, okucatshangwa ukuthi inezinzwa ngokwemvelo. Ngo-1742, isimila seso senza kwaba nzima ngaye ukufunda. Ngesikhathi ezwa ukufa kwakhe, uthe: "Isikhathi sesifikile sokuthi ngihlukane nalo mhlaba: Ngizofa ngithukuthele, njengegundane elinobuthi emgodini walo."
UJonathan Swift ushone ngo-Okthoba 19, 1745 futhi washiya iningi lomcebo wakhe kwabampofu. Izidumbu zakhe ziseCathedral yaseSt. Patrick eDublin.