Udlani?
Udlani? -yazi futhi ngokuthi Isayensi nonembeza ukumelana- iyincwadi ekhuluma ngokudla okunempilo, i-dietetics kanye nokusabalalisa kwesayensi ebhalwe udokotela wezifo eziwumshayabhuqe waseSpain kanye noprofesa uMiguel Ángel Martínez González, ngaphansi kokuhambisana nentatheli yaseMadrid uMarisol Guisasola. Lo msebenzi washicilelwa yi-Planeta publishing house ngo-2020. Lo nyaka odlule bekuwunyaka oyisisekelo kwezokwelapha emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yobhubhane lwe-Covid 19, isihloko okukhulunywa ngaso embhalweni.
Udlani? liyincwadi yenkomba yokudla okunomsoco, kodwa futhi libaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni olokhu udidekile ngokuthi udla kanjani ukudla okunempilo.. Ngenxa yokwanda kwamabhulogi e-inthanethi nezinkundla zokuxhumana, cishe wonke umuntu uyakwazi ukuthola izeluleko eziphathelene nezempilo yomphakathi. Nokho, ngesikhathi esifanayo, lezi ziteshi zokuxhumana ziyingozi kubasebenzisi neziguli ngokufanayo, uma kubhekwa ikhwalithi yolwazi oludalulwayo.
Amazwibela we Udlani?
Umcabango oqinile wesayensi
Udlani? Iqala nge-dialectic ethakazelisayo: "Iyini isayensi yeqiniso nokuthi yini amanga". Lesi sahluko sokuqala siqala nge-anecdote eyenzeka ebusheni bukaMiguel Ángel Martínez González, lapho afunda khona noPaco Mora Teruel elabhorethri ye-Neurobiology ye-Faculty of Medicine yaseGranada.
Uthisha nomfundi bazame amagundane, abafaka kuso isigqoko esinepulaki lesifazane elalivumela ama-electrode abo ukuba angene ngale kobuchopho besilwane. Umphumela waba ukushukunyiswa kobuchopho esibonelweni. Ngemva kwesikhashana, "ngethuba", isilwane sathola i-lever ekhejini laso.
Uma ukuhlolwa kuphumelele, isilwane esinomgogodla saqala ukuzivuselela.. Kamuva, uMichelangelo osemusha wabuza umeluleki wakhe ukuthi leli gundane laliwumlutha wezidakamizwa yini. Enikezwa lokhu, uPaco Mora waphendula: “Ungakhulumi kanjalo, Miguel. Sazi kuphela ukuthi isilwane sithola ukuqiniswa okuhle. Akukho okunye okungashiwo. Ukwengeza kuwukuqagela nje okuzimele, futhi lokho akuyona isayensi.
I-critique ye-pseudoscience
Esinye sezihloko ezihlaba umxhwele neziyimpikiswano ye Udlani? isekuqaleni kwayo. Kuzo, Udokotela ugxeka kakhulu imboni yezemithi kanye nezinkampani ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe kwezinsiza zempilo, ngaphezu kwalokho ama-pseudosciences.
Kuphinde kugcizelele kakhulu ukuntuleka kokuqina kwesayensi okulandelwa izinhlobo zezidakamizwa.. Iphinde iqondise kwabanye odokotela abavolontiya ukuthi babhale izindatshana ezigunyaza le mikhiqizo ukuze bathole imali.
2020, unyaka le ncwadi eyabhalwa ngawo, uqondana nobhubhane lweCovid 19 (SARS-CoV-2). Ngaleso sikhathi, inani lezincwadi zezokwelapha kuyi-Internet landa kakhulu. Ngokunjalo, inani eliphelele lemithi okuthiwa iyisimangaliso, ekwazi ukwelapha igciwane kanye nolunye uchungechunge lwezifo ezihlupha abantu, landa. Ezimweni eziningi, le mikhiqizo ayigunyazwanga ochwepheshe bezifo ezibucayi, okuyinto umbhali ayilahlayo.
Indlela yokuhlukanisa phakathi kwesayensi ne-pseudoscience?
UMiguel Ángel Martínez González uyakuqinisekisa ukuthi, ukuze kubonakale ukuthi yini isayensi yeqiniso, kuyadingeka ukubheka ukuqina nokuhlakanipha lolu lwazi olwenziwa ngalo. “Kumayelana nokuhlala kuphela nalokho okusekelwa idatha yesayensi yenhloso. Okusele kumele kuxoshwe,” kusho umbhali. Ukucabanga kwesayensi kufanele kungabi nokuchema, futhi lokhu akwenzeki kuma-pseudoscience, ikakhulukazi ahlobene nokuqagela.
Ngokufanayo, udokotela uyaqinisekisa ukuthi i-epidemiology iyikhambi elingcono kakhulu lokulwa ne-pseudoscience. Kungani?: "Ngoba, kulesi siyalo, noma yisiphi isiphetho kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi sihlolwe ngokuhambisana nabo bonke ubufakazi obukhona besayensi obukhona, obudinga izinyanga eziningi zokugxila nomsebenzi."
Ngokufanayo, ithi i-quality quality epidemiology ayinakwenziwa ngaphandle kokwazi umuthi. Lokhu kokugcina kwenzeka ngokwandayo emakethe ye-pseudoscientific.
Udinga ukuqaphela ngama-ghostwriters
I-Ghostwriters ngababhali abaqashwe ukuthi babhale ngaphansi kobunikazi bomunye umuntu. Igama lalo mbhali alikaziwa, yingakho i-epithet i-ghostwriter, noma "umbhali wezipoki”. Ngokusho kukaMichael Ángel Martínez González, akubona bonke abantu ababhala ngemithi noma umsoco abangochwepheshe kulezi zindawo.. Lokhu kuholela ekutheni kube nokwaziswa okuningi okungelona iqiniso nokungaqondi okuphonswe ezithamelini eziqondiwe.
Kule ndaba, umbhali uyakubonisa lokho isazi sesayensi yezemvelo saseNyakatho Melika esizichaze safinyelela isiphetho se-epidemiological sokuthi ukusetshenziswa njalo kwamantongomane kunciphisa izimo zenhliziyo.. Lokhu akuwona amanga ngempela, kodwa alukho ucwaningo lwesayensi olufakazela lokho.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngaphezu kokugxeka i-pseudoscience, udokotela unikeza amathuluzi okudla kanye nemiyalelo ecacile ukuzijwayeza ukudla kwaseMedithera ngendlela efanele.
Mayelana nombhali,
UMiguel Angel Martinez Gonzalez
UMiguel Ángel Martínez González wazalwa ngo-1957, eMalaga, eSpain. Wakhulela emndenini ozinikele emfundweni nasezenzweni zesayensi. UVictoria González, unina, wayenguthisha waseMalaga, kuyilapho uManuel Martínez, uyise, engudokotela wase-Almería ochwepheshe ocwaningweni lwesifo sikashukela. UMiguel Ángel uneziqu zobudokotela ku-epidemiology azithola eNyuvesi yaseNavarra. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ufundisa amakilasi ku-Preventive Medicine kanye ne-Public Health.
Martinez Gonzalez uDkt. futhi usebenza njengosolwazi wezokudla okunomsoco e-Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health. Eminyakeni edlule uye wawina imiklomelo eminingana ngomsebenzi wakhe njengodokotela, ngaphezu kocwaningo lwakhe, izinkulumo, izindatshana, nezincwadi ezikhuluma nge-epidemiology nempilo yomphakathi. Ukuhlonishwa kwakhe kwakamuva kuze kube manje i-Gregorio Marañón National Research Award (2022).
Ezinye izincwadi zikaMiguel Ángel Martínez González
- I-biostatistics enobungane (2014);
- PREDIMED, ziphathise ngokudla okunempilo (No-Ana Sánchez-Taínta no-Beatriz San Julián) (2015);
- Impilo ngokuqinisekile: amathiphu empilo enempilo (ngaphandle kokuwela ezingibeni zemboni) (2018);
- Impilo iyavutha. I-internist kanye ne-epidemiologist ebusweni balolu bhubhane (ebhalwe nomfowabo uDkt. Julio Martínez González, internist) (2021);
- I-Salmon, amahomoni nezikrini: Ukujabulela uthando lwangempela olubonwa empilweni yomphakathi (2023);
- I-4S: Elula & Eyisiphukuphuku & Isimo & Isifinyezo (Inguqulo ye-Kindle).