U-Antonio Gala
U-Antonio Gala wayengumbhali wemidlalo yaseSpain, umbhali wamanoveli, umlobi wephephandaba kanye nembongi. Empilweni—nangemva kokufa kwakhe—waziwa ngokuba yindodana eyintandokazi yase-Andalusia, umphakathi ayewuthanda kakhulu. Kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe uhlakulele zonke izinhlobo zemibhalo ezingaba khona, okuhlanganisa: izinkondlo, inoveli, indaba, umbhalo kamabonakude, i-opera kanye nendaba. Uphinde wenza umsebenzi wobuntatheli ngezindatshana eziyimpikiswano ze Izwe y El País.
Njengombhali, U-Gala wajabulela ukuthandwa kakhulu ngabafundi bakhe kunakungabagxeki., njengoba laba bamuva bengakaze bazi ukuthi izincwadi zombhali zingahlukaniswa kanjani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Antonio wazithola ehileleke ezingxabanweni eziningana zokukhuluma, kumakholomu akhe, ngokumelene nabantu besikhathi samanje nabomlando, abenza inhlekisa ngabo ukuze abonise imibono yakhe.
I-Biography
U-Antonio Gala Wabhapathizwa ngegama lika-Antonio Ángel Custodio Sergio Alejandro María de los Dolores Indlovukazi Yabafel' Ukholo BoZiqu-zintathu Ongcwele Nabo Bonke Abangcwele. Ukuzalwa kwakhe kwenzeka eBrazatortas, eCiudad Real, kodwa wayehlale ezwa sengathi ungowaseCórdoba. Umlobi uthi ngo-October 2, 1930, usuku lokuzalwa kwakhe, umpristi owambhapathiza wayefuna ukumqamba ngokuthi uMartín Gala. Nokho, unina wenqaba, ngoba lelo gama lalingahlonitshwa kahle eSpain.
Lapho uGala eneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye, umkhaya wakubo wathuthela eCórdoba, e-Andalusia. Yilapho aqala khona ukubhala imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala. Njengoba engumfundi nombhali oqaphile, eneminyaka eyishumi nane wanikeza inkulumo eRoyal Circle of Friendship, i-Artistic and Literary Lyceum yedolobha. Kusukela esemncane wafunda ababhali abafana noGarcilaso, San Juan de la Cruz kanye noRainer Maria Rilke, ethuthukisa isitayela sakhe sezingoma zomlando.
Ngokufanayo, u-Antonio Gala wangena emfundweni ephakeme kusenesikhathi. Lapho eneminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu waqala ukwenza izifundo zeLaw eNyuvesi yaseSeville. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, wangena eNyuvesi yaseMadrid ukuze afunde Isayensi Yezombangazwe Nezomnotho, kanye neFilosofi kanye Nezincwadi. UGala waphumelela kuleso naleso sihlalo. Naphezu kwalokhu, washiya Corps of State Lawyers, futhi washiya Carthusians.
Kamuva, wathuthela ePortugal, lapho alondoloza khona impilo yothando. Mayelana nomsebenzi, wakhetha ukufundisa amakilasi eFilosofi kanye Nomlando Wobuciko. Ngo-1963, u-Antonio Gala wakwazi ukuzinikela ngokuphelele ekubhaleni, ngemva kokuwina umklomelo wesibili kuMklomelo we-Adonáis. Le ndondo iklonyeliswe yena ngeqoqo lakhe lezinkondlo isitha esiseduze.
Unyaka ngaphambi kwalokho waba nethuba lokuhlala eFlorence, e-Italy. Laphaya, Wabambisana nomagazini wamasonto onke Izincwadi ZaseHispano-American, lapho akwazi khona ukushicilela izinkondlo ezithile ze-anthology yakhe Ihlazo. Njengentatheli, washicilela iqoqo lezindatshana ku-El País, umsebenzi awenza kusukela ngo-1976 kuya ku-1998. Inunu ebomvu klebhu.
Eyakamuva iyincwadi yomlando, ephefumulelwe uBoabdil, owayeyinkosi yokugcina yamaNazpoearí eGranada. Ngiyabonga kuye, U-Antonio Gala uthole umklomelo we-Planeta ka-1990. Kusukela lapho, wabhala amanoveli amaningana, kodwa wayekhuthele kakhulu ekudaleni imidlalo namakholomu ezincwadi ezihlukahlukene. Isibonelo, omunye wemisebenzi yakhe wawuhlanganisa ukubhala imibono Izwe kusuka ku-1992 kuya ku-2015.
Njengoba ayethanda ubuciko namasiko njengoba ayenjalo, u-Antonio Gala wayenephupho: ukwakha isikhungo sabadwebi, lapho ayengakwazi khona ukusekela, ukufundisa ngisho nokuhlinzeka ngemifundaze kulezi zingqondo zokudala ukuze zibe abadali bemisebenzi yesikhathi esizayo. Ngakho, Ngo-2002, kwazalwa i-Antonio Gala Foundation for Young Creators..
Kukhona iqiniso elimangalisayo ngale ndlu yesiko: isiqubulo sakho ivesi la Ingoma yezingoma. NgesiLatini, funda okulandelayo: Ngifake isignaculum super cor tuum, okuyinto, ngeSpanishi, ehunyushwa ngokuthi “Ngibeke njengophawu enhliziyweni yakho".
Isebenza ngu-Antonio Gala
Indawo yaseshashalazini
- I-Green Fields yase-Edene (1963):
- Umnenke esibukweni (1964);
- Ilanga entuthwaneni (1966);
- Novemba kanye Notshani Obuncane (1967);
- Umhlubuki waseSpain (1970);
- I-Good Morning Lost (1972);
- Inhlanhla, ngqwele! (1973);
- Izindandatho Zowesifazane (1973);
- Izinsimbi ezilenga ezihlahleni (1974);
- Ugijimelani, Ulysses? (1975);
- UPetra onesiphiwo (1980);
- I-Old Lady of Paradise (1980);
- Amathuna Enyoni (1982);
- I-Freedom Trilogy (1983);
- Samarkand (1985);
- Ihhotela Elincane (1985);
- Seneca noma inzuzo yokungabaza (1987);
- UCarmen, uCarmen (1988);
- UChristopher Columbus (1989);
- Umkhohlisi (1992);
- Amathongo Amahle (1994);
- I-Cafe Singing (1997);
- Ama-apula angoLwesihlanu (1999);
- U-Inés unbuttoned (2003).
Ukulandisa
- I-Crimson Manuscript (1990);
- I-Turkish Passion (1993);
- Granada of the Nasrids (1994);
- Ngale Kwengadi (1995);
- Umthetho wesithathu (1996);
- Inhliziyo Engasekho (1998);
- Emaphethelweni KaNkulunkulu (1999);
- Manje Ngizokhuluma Ngami (2000);
- Ukukhohlwa okungenakwenzeka (2001);
- Izivakashi engadini (2002);
- Umnikazi wesilonda (2003);
- Isisekelo sezifanekiso (2007);
- Amaphepha Amanzi (2008).
Izinkondlo
- Isitha Esiseduze (1959);
- I-Mistime (1962);
- Ukuzindla eChaeronea (1965);
- Izingoma eziyi-11 zikaZubia (1981);
- I-Andalusian Testament (1985);
- Cordoba izinkondlo (1994);
- Izinkondlo Zothando (1997);
- Inkondlo kaTobías ethi desangelado (2005).
imibhalo kamabonakude
- …Futhi ekugcineni, ithemba (1967);
- Ukucula kweSantiago kubo bonke (1971);
- Uma Amatshe Engakhuluma (1972);
- I-landscape enezibalo (1976);
- Ubusuku obuyishumi nantathu (1999).
Izihloko
- Umbhalo nezaba (1977);
- Izingxoxo noTroylo (1981);
- Esandleni Sakho (1985);
- Izincwadi zokubhalela ze-Lady of Autumn (1985);
- Kunikezelwe kuTobias (1988);
- I-Sound Solitude (1989);
- Imicibisholo nama-ebrasures (1993);
- To Who Goes With Me (1994);
- Incwadi eya kuzindlalifa (1995);
- Embrasures (1996);
- Indlu ethulile (1998).
Izincwadi eziphawuleka kakhulu zika-Antonio Gala
Amasimu ase-Edene aluhlaza (1963)
Kungumdlalo lowo isitshela indaba kaJuan, isihambi esifika edolobheni elincane ezofuna ithuna likayisemkhulu. Njengoba ikholelwa ukuthi lena ukuphela kwendawo ehlala kuyo, le ndoda iguqulela i-pantheon ibe “ikhaya” layo elisha, ngaleyo ndlela ikhohlisa iziphathimandla.
Ngamaholide, uJuan umema abanye abantu abangenamakhaya ukuthi bachithe isikhathi futhi bagubhe ndawonye, kodwa amaphoyisa ayabathola futhi abophe umlingiswa oyinhloko.
Novemba kanye notshani obuncane (1967)
dlala lokho isitshela indaba kaDiego, owayeyisosha leMpi Yombango YaseSpain okuthi ngemva kokuphela kwempi, ahlale yedwa iminyaka engamashumi amabili nesikhombisa. Okuwukuphela kwenkampani yakhe uPaula, umlingani wakhe, kanye nomama walo wesifazane ohlanyayo.
Ngolunye usuku, u-Paula unikeza u-Diego i-transistor, ngesikhathi esifanayo Indoda ithola ukuthi isimemezelo sikashwele samukelwa, ngakho ingashiya isiphephelo sayo. Nokho, ngomzuzu wokugcina, u-Diego uyawuyeka lo mbono, futhi uPaula ulahlekelwa ingqondo yakhe.