UJorge Sanchez Lopez. Ingxoxo nombhali we-El túnel de Oliva

UJorge Sanchez Lopez fue 2021 owawina i-Planeta Award ngenoveli yakhe umhubhe womnqumo. Kulokhu okubanzi ingxoxo, enginibonga kakhulu ngakho, isitshela ngaye nangezinye izihloko eziningi mayelana ne panorama ukuhlela kwamanje, yayo ukufundwa kanye nababhali abathandayo nabazayo amaphrojekthi.

UJORGE SANCHEZ LOPEZ - Ingxoxo 

• ACTUALIDAD LITERATURA: Inoveli yakho yakamuva inesihloko umhubhe womnqumo. Usitshelani ngakho futhi umqondo wavelaphi?

UJORGE SANCHEZ LOPEZ: Yinoveli yobugebengu engahlali phezulu. Akuyona enye yalezo zincwadi zenoveli eziyimpicabadala lapho inhloso enkulu kuwukuphenya icala, nakuba kukhona ukufa, amaphoyisa kanye nokunyamalala emsebenzini. Abalingiswa abakhulu ubusha umakhelwane, yokukhishwa okuthobekile, abahlakaniphile kakhulu, ababhekana nabakulindele ngalokho okungokoqobo okubanikezayo, abakwaziyo okushiwo ukulila, ukukhungatheka, injabulo, ukwethembeka nokuziphindiselela. Kuzo sifika ekuhlaziyeni izihloko ezifana nezithi inkohlakalo yesikhungo, the amaqembu ezigelekeqe, the ukushushumbiswa kwezidakamizwa namadayimane noma ukudunwa kwemali.  

Sekunesikhathi eside ngifuna ukubhala ngayo. indawo yami, Phezu kwe 90s futhi ekuqaleni kwawo-2000, ukuhlonipha umculo, izingubo, indlela yokuphila nokukhuluma. Bengifuna ukubukeza a inkathi ukuthi labo bethu abake babhekana nakho bakukhumbule kakhulu ujabule, nokwenza umfundi acabange ngamakhanda nemisila abenayo.

Kwenzeka ku omasipala eningizimu yeMadrid, ezingavamile ukubonakala ezincwadini, kodwa ezingatholakala noma kuphi. I-trigger, kufanele kushiwo, kwakuyi- ukuphawula komfundiowayengumhlengikazi mayelana nendlela enhle yokubulala umuntu: Namathisela inaliti egcwele i-insulin. Kusuka lapho kuqale amaphoyisa ingxenye yencwadi.

• AL: Ungabuyela kuleyo ncwadi yokuqala oyifundile? Nendaba yokuqala oyibhalile?

JSL: Ngaqala ukufunda izinkondlo UMiguel Hernandez y UJuan Ramon Jimenez, nakuba ukukhuluma iqiniso ngangivele ngilalele ababhali bezingoma abaculayo abafana noJosé Luis Perales no-Alberto Cortez kusukela ngisemncane. Kwakuwumsuka weqiniso lowo. Ekulandiseni, kamuva nje, ngikhumbula ukufundwa kwe-EGB kwe Thumela, evela eSantillana, eyayimayelana nezigigaba. Ezinye zezincwadi engazifunda kamuva kwaba umelusi wezimbuzi, nguJuan Antonio de Laiglesia, Bonke abaseshi babizwa ngoFlangan, ngu-Andreu Martín noJaume Ribera, abavela eshalofini lesitolo sezincwadi kunoveli yami. KANYE ikati lathi fu, kaFrancisco J. Satué, owangisayinela yona.

Ku ukubhala,ngaphuma phandle izinkondlo. Inkondlo engawina ngayo umklomelo wendawo ngiseyingane yayiyi-elegy ngendlela kaHernández, nakuba ngangikwazi nokubhala i-ode eya ekwindla noma noma yini eyayifika engqondweni yami. Izindaba zami zokuqala bekufanele zibe izindatshana zesikole ngezingane abenza okubi, ukuthula noma izilwane, kodwa nezihloko ezikhuluma ngezindawo zasemaphandleni nedolobha, izihloko ezinjengalezo. Imithetho yesibopho.

Ababhali nezinhlobo

• AL: Umbhali oyinhloko? Ungakhetha ngaphezu kweyodwa nakuzo zonke izinkathi. 

I-JSL: UJordi Sierra i Fabrangoba umsebenzi wakhe Izinkambu ze-Strawberry Bekuwugqozi kimina, futhi lenza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wokusabalalisa ukufunda. Phakathi kwama-classics, Sophocles, I-Calderon, Shakespeare (Inkosi Lear engiyithandayo), u-Dostoevsky, Charlotte Brontë. Ekhulwini lama-XNUMX, futhi kusukela kulo lonke ikhulu leminyaka, unamuno, Ramoni UGomez de la Serna, I-Baroja, Arthur MillerItalo Calvino, uRoberto I-Bolano kanye noRaymond Carver (ngezindaba zabo ezingigqugquzele ukuthi gibela umsinga), Tony Morrison (umbhali owaklonyeliswa ngendondo yeNobel ngo-91) noma uSoledad Puértolas. Kwinoveli emnyama, Chandler, UJuan Madrid, UJames M. Cain y UChester himes.  

• AL: Yimuphi umlingiswa osencwadini obungathanda ukuhlangana naye futhi umakhe? 

JSL: Abalingiswa bahlala kuwe sengathi ngihlangane nabo mathupha. Mayelana nendalo yabanye, ngincamela ukuthi bayenze, nangezindlela engingakwazi. Kulapho kulele khona umlingo wokufunda. 

• AL: Yimiphi imikhuba noma imikhuba ekhethekile uma kukhulunywa ngokubhala noma ukufunda? 

JSL: Lalela jazz o bosa nova insimbi. Khulisa ukuphumula kanye nemisindo yemaski.

• AL: Futhi indawo yakho oyithandayo nesikhathi sokwenza? 

JSL: Kwe usofa naphezu kwetafula enginalo eduze kwakhe, kukhompuyutha. Ngithatha amanothi ngepeni noma ipeni kumadayari ami amaningi.

• AL: Ingabe zikhona ezinye izinhlobo ozithandayo? 

I-JSL: Konke okungenza ngicabange futhi ngizizwe. Kungaba yi umabhebhana ikusasa, enye yezinhloli, i-adventure, izinsolo kanye nesenzo, inoveli yamaqiniso ezenhlalo noma aseduze, ithiyetha, indatshana noma izinkondlo. Angizivali ekufundeni noma yisiphi isiphakamiso esibonakala sithakazelisa kimi.

• AL: Ufundani manje? Futhi ukubhala?

JSL: Ngikhona American tabloid, of UJames ellroy, nakuba nginezincwadi eziningi ezisalindile kubabhali abangisayinele zona emicimbini esihlangane kuyo, kusukela kwezizimele kakhulu kuya kweziziwayo.

Mayelana nokubhala, nginakho okungavamile umsebenzi oyimfihlo ekhabetheni. Manje sengenza a indaba isethwe eMadridKufakwe nabaseshi abakhohlisayo, abenzeli bezindlu, nentsha ehlubukayo, enamahlaya amaningi, isenzo esisheshayo, kanye nokungabaza okuningi.

UJorge Sánchez López - Iphanorama yokuhlela

• AL: Ucabanga ukuthi sinjani isigcawu sokushicilela?

JSL: Ngicabanga ukuthi kukhona ukunikezwa okuningi futhi, nakuba lokhu kungase kube nohlangothi lwakho oluhle, kuyenziwa udinga ukubeka isihlungi. Ngicabanga ukuthi kuwukubonakaliswa okunye kwendlela yokuphila esheshayo nematasa esiyiphilayo. Sikholelwa ukuthi uhambo lomsebenzi luseyizinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba lushaywe indiva nokuthi ukushicilela kaningi kungcono kakhulu. Futhi kuyadingeka ukukhombisa, ukunikeza imibhalo yabo isikhathi sokuphumula emphakathini, ukuthi kukhona ukwamukela umsebenzi nokuthi une umzila isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ngokuvamile, i emakethe kuyinto egcwele kakhulu, inani lezincwadi ezishicilelwe liyakhula ku-dynamics engasimame. Izincwadi azihlali isikhathi eside etafuleni noma emashalofini amasha, ngoba isikhala sincane futhi ngezinye izikhathi ziyiziphakamiso ezifanayo.

Umbhali uhambisa umbhalo wesandla futhi ungenqatshwa ngokuthi “Awuhambisani nephrofayela esiyifunayo. Ngifuna incwadi enenkanyezi yomhloli, engasondelene noma engahlangani, futhi isethwe endaweni, akukho lutho lokuhlola umhlaba, ngemisho emifushane futhi ekhuluma ngalokhu nalokhuya ». Ingabe a ubudlwangudlwangu obubulala ubuhlakani, sebenzisa izikimu ze okuhamba phambili ezincwadini lokho cishe bafuna enye i-niche yabafundi. Futhi lisikisela isiprofetho esizigcwalisayo ngalokho abantu abakuthakaselayo. Ngakho-ke kuphambene nomsebenzi wemibhalo. 

ezahlukene

Kwesinye isikhathi, njengasemculweni, uvele ufune isigqi esimnandi, kodwa kungaba yihlazo uma ungatholi izinto ezihlukile. I Ngijabula kakhulu lapho isiphakamiso esihlukile Uyakwazi ukwenza indawo yakhe emhlabeni. Okuhle ngezinhlobonhlobo ukuthi maningi amagugu afihliwe futhi okufanele ande yisibalo sabafundi.

Ngenhlanhla izincwadi ezishicilelwe ngenxa yami azikaze zikubone ukukhanya kwelanga ngenxa yezidingo zalolu hlobo, kodwa ngibonga abashicileli abanesibindi ababekwazi ukubona amandla abangaba nawo ukuze bafinyelele abafundi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bahambisana nendlela ekhona noma cha. Ngeke ngibhale into engaveli ngaphakathi kimi, njengoba uBukowski asikisela enkondlweni yakhe edumile. Izindaba zami zizoba nemisho enzima kakhulu noma engaphansi kanye nezahluko ezimfushane noma ezinde, zizosethwa eMorocco, eDublin noma eMadrid, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi imfashini.

• AL: Ingabe lesi sikhathi esiphila kuso sinzima kuwe noma uzokwazi ukugcina okuthile okuhle kuzo zombili izinhlaka zamasiko nezenhlalo?

I-JSL: Umhlaba wangemva kobhubhane ulethe ukuqhuma kwamasiko, yingakho intshisekelo yokufunda nobunye ubuciko inyukile. Ngicabanga ukuthi lena ingxenye enhle kakhulu. Njengoba ngike ngasho, uma sazi ukuthi singakusebenzisa kanjani konke lokho buhlakani, sizobe sithuthukela kokuthile okungcono.