Ukucaphuna kukaCarmen Laforet.
Nada (1945) iyinoveli esethwe endaweni yombhali wayo, uCarmen Laforet waseBarcelona, phakathi neminyaka yangemva kweMpi Yombango. Yindaba umlingiswa wayo ongowesifazane osemusha osanda kufika e-Barcelona ukuzoqala imfundo yakhe yasenyuvesi. Ngaleso sikhathi, umphakathi wamaCatalan wawuphakathi kwezinkinga ezijulile zezenhlalo nezomnotho nezokuziphatha.
Leyo ndawo eyingozi ichazwa ngolimi olungcolile, oluqondile nolungancishisiwe umlobi wase-Iberia. Ngokwalesi sizathu, Le noveli imele kakhulu i-"tremendismo", isitayela sokulandisa esivulwe nguCamilo José Cela no. Umndeni kaPascal Duarte (1942). Hhayi ize, Nada Bekuyincwadi eyawina imiklomelo ye-Nadal ne-Fastenrath ngawo lowo nyaka eyashicilelwa ngawo.
Isifinyezo se- Nada
ukwamukela
U-Andrea ufika e-Barcelona ekuseni ngesitimela esihlukile kunalokho obekuhleliwe ngakho-ke okokuqala, asikho isihlobo esimlindile esiteshini. Intombazane inyakaziswa wumbono wasebusuku wedolobha owayigcwalisa ngethemba isencane. Kodwa umuzwa uyaphela lapho befika ekhaya labo elisha. Lapho wemukelwa ugogo odidekile kanye nezihlamba zika-Anti Angustias ngokushintsha izitimela.
Ngokufanayo, ezinye izihlobo—uMalume uJuan nomkakhe uGloria, u-Antonia (incekukazi) noMalume uRomán—babukeka begcwele intukuthelo. Phela indlu igcwele uthuli, awekho amanzi ashisayo endlu yokugezela (angcolile) futhi kubusa isiphithiphithi edibini elilungiselelwe intokazi. Isiphithiphithi esinjena sidalwa yinqwaba yefenisha ngemuva kokudayiswa kwengxenye yendlu ukuze kuncishiswe izinkinga zezomnotho.
Ukuphila kwansuku zonke okungekuhle
Ukuhlukumezeka kwempi kubonakala esikhumbeni saseBarcelona nasebusweni bezakhamuzi zakhona. Lokhu kujulisa iziyaluyalu zezakhamuzi zekhaya elisha lika-Andrea, lapho inhlebo, ukungezwani kanye nezingxoxo ezivamile (ezinye ezinamandla kakhulu) ziphefumula nsuku zonke. NguMalume onobuhlakani kuphela uRomán osasele eceleni kozungu, egxile ezindabeni zakhe nakwivayolini yakhe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, I-Angustias inegunya ngomlingiswa oyinhloko, nakuba ngezikhathi ezithile ebonisa uthando lwakhe nomuzwa ongokwemvelo ovikelayo. Ekugcineni, U-Andrea uyaqonda ukuthi kufanele azihlukanise ukuze asinde ekuwohlokeni komqondo okukhona endaweni yokuhlala. Ngalesi sizathu, uchitha isikhathi sakhe esiningi eNyuvesi, okumvumela ukuthi enze abangani abasha. Ngaleyo ndlela wakha ubuhlobo obuseduze no-Ena namaPons.
Izinkinga ziba zimbi kakhulu
Ena, intombi kaJaime, intombazane evela emkhayeni ocebile; lokho kumvumela ukuthi aphathe u-Andrea ukudla okulula neziphuzo. Lokhu okokugcina enquma ukumnika -ngendlela yesinxephezelo- iduku ayelinikwe ngugogo. Leso senzo somusa silethe izinkinga kumlingiswa oyinhloko ngesikhathi sesidlo sakusihlwa sikaKhisimusi nomndeni (umcimbi ogcwele injabulo yamanga nokungezwani).
Kuleli qophelo, umlingiswa oyinhloko useyazi ngokuhlukunyezwa kukaMalume uJuan ngokomzimba namazwi kumkakhe uGloria. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, u-Anti Angustias ukhetha ukuzihlukanisa esigodlweni sezindela. Ngenxa yalokho, u-Andrea uzizwa engavikelekile futhi enokuqwasha kakhulu ngenxa yezimpi zasekhaya kanye ne-parrot ecasulayo yaseRoma. Ukwenza izinto zibe zimbi nakakhulu, intombazane ingakwazi ukukhokhela isinkwa sayo sasekuseni kuphela.
Izinkinga nezihlanganisi
Ukuhamba no-Ena no-Jaime kuphela okubonakala kuthoba indlala nobunzima buka-Andrea. Njengoba amasonto eqhubeka, wandisa umbuthano wabangane bakhe futhi uchitha ingxenye enkulu yosuku lwakhe efunda emtatsheni wezincwadi wasenyuvesi. Ngokuhambisanayo, ubuhlobo no-Ena buba yinqaba kancane ngoba lo wakamuva uqala ukuthandana noMalume uRomán.
Ngalesi sizathu, umlingiswa oyinhloko ucela umngane wakhe ukuthi ayeke ukumvakashela izinsuku ezimbalwa. Okwamanje, U-Pons unquma ukuya enkantolo u-Andrea, kodwa ekugcineni akaphumeleli umgomo wakhe. Kunoma yikuphi, intombazane ihlangana nabanye abaculi abangabangane bomfana futhi umoya we-bohemian uyamsiza ukuba anqobe ubunzima bakhe.
Isinqumo
Kamuva, kancane kancane u-Andrea wazana nomama ka-Ena. Ngokusobala, le ntokazi yayinesikhathi esidlule esibuhlungu noMfula iRomán. Ngakho-ke, izinsolo zomlingiswa zikhula kuze kube u-Ena eveza itulo lakhe: ukuyenga uRoman bese emshiya ehlazekile... Ngaleyo ndlela ungakwazi ukuphindiselela ukuhlonishwa kukamama wakho.
Ekugcineni, U-Ena uya eMadrid ngemva kokufeza umgomo wakhe futhi uRomán unquma ukuzibulala ngensingo. Nokho, ekhaya lomkhaya, u-Anti Gloria ophethwe kabi usolwa ngawo wonke amashwa aye avela, kuhlanganise nokusolwa ngokuba imbangela yokufa kukaRomán. Esephetha, u-Andrea ulandela ezinyathelweni zomngane wakhe futhi uvalelisa ngesithembiso somsebenzi enhloko-dolobha.
Mayelana nombhali, uCarmen Laforet
Ukuzalwa, ubuntwana nobusha
UCarmen Laforet.
UCarmen Laforet Díaz wazalelwa eBarcelona ngo-September 6, 1921. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, yena—indodakazi endala emshadweni womdwebi wamapulani ongumCatalan nothisha waseToledo— Abazali bakhe bamdlulisela eGran Canaria. Abafowabo abancane abathandayo, u-Eduardo noJuan, bazalelwa kulesi siqhingi. Ngeshwa umama washona eminyakeni embalwa ngemva kokuzalwa kokugcina.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, UMnu. Laforet akazange athathe isikhathi eside ukuphinde ashade, kodwa uCarmen osemusha akazange alondoloze ubuhlobo obuhle nomama wakhe wokutholwa. Lesi simo sabonakaliswa ngumbhali ngobuntandane babalingiswa bayo abambalwa abaqavile. Injalo indaba ka-Andrea (Nada), uMaria Way in Isiqhingi namademoni aso (1952) kanye noMartin Soto Ukuqothulwa (1963).
Umsebenzi wezincwadi nomshado
Lapho nje iMpi Yombango yaseSpain ebhubhisayo iphela, ULaforet wabuyela e-Barcelona ngenhloso eqinile yokufunda iFilosofi. Nokho akazange awuqede lowo mjaho noma izifundo zakhe zomthetho, aziqala e-Central University of Madrid ngo-1942. Nada ngo-1945, incwadi yokuqala yokubhala eyatuswa abagxeki nabafundi. Njengoba kushiwo, le noveli igqamile ngesitayela sokulandisa se-"tremendismo", eyasungulwa nguCamilo José Cela no. Umndeni kaPascal Duarte.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, UCarmen Laforet washada noManuel Cerezales -intatheli kanye nomhlaziyi wemibhalo-, ashade naye kwaze kwaba ngu-1970 futhi waba nezingane ezinhlanu. Ngalesi sikhathi ushicilele amanoveli amafushane amahlanu, izincwadi zezindaba ezintathu kanye neziqondiso zokuhamba ezimbili (ngaphandle kwamanoveli amabili aphumelele okukhulunywe ngawo esigabeni esandulele).
Ukuthatha umhlalaphansi empilweni yomphakathi kanye nokukhishwa kwakamuva
Impela, umbhali we-Barcelona akazange abe nokukhiqizwa okubanzi kwemibhalo, mhlawumbe ngenxa yengcindezi eyafika nempumelelo ebabazekayo nengakafiki isikhathi.. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970, umbhali waveza izimpawu zokuqala ze-Alzheimer's Disease. Ngenxa yalokho, wayebonakala kancane kancane emphakathini.
NgoFebhuwari 28, 2004, UCarmen Laforet ushone eMajadahonda, Community of Madrid; wayeneminyaka engu-82 ubudala. Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, izindaba ezithi "Rosamunda" kanye "Al Colegio" zavela ku-anthologies elandisayo yaseSpain. izinganekwane zaleli khulu leminyaka (1995) futhi omama namadodakazi (1996), ngokulandelana.
Ezinye izincwadi
- izihloko zemibhalo (1977), ukuhlanganiswa kwazo zonke izindatshana zakhe ezishicilelwe kuze kube manje;
- Ngingathembela kuwe (2003), ukuxhumana.
Okushicilelwe ngemuva kokufa
- Incwadi kaDon Juan (2007), incwadi eqoqa zonke izindaba ezimfushane zikaLaforet;
- U-Romeo noJuliet (2008), inhlanganisela yazo zonke izindaba zakhe zothando;
- Inhliziyo nomphefumulo (1947-1952) (2017), ukuxhumana.