Icashunwe nguCamilo José Celá
U-Camilo José Cela ungomunye wababhali baseSpain abahlotshiswe kakhulu bekhulu lama-XNUMX kanye nomfanekiso wezincwadi zangemva kwempi. Uwine uMklomelo KaNobel Wezincwadi, u-A Coruña ogqamile uthole lo mehluko ngenxa ye-prose ebabazekayo ebonakala emisebenzini yakhe eminingi. Phakathi kwabo, Umndeni kaPascal Duarte (1942) imele isihloko esingenakugwemeka ngenxa yokweqa kwaso.
Le noveli ithathwa njengeyokuqala ye-"tremendismo", isitayela sokulandisa esibonakala ngokuchaza izithombe ezingcolile kakhulu. ngolimi olunokhahlo nangaphandle kwezimo ezithethelelayo. Ikakhulukazi, indaba enodlame ka-Pascal Duarte yenziwa umlimi wase-Extremadura owenza amacala ambalwa futhi kufanele avele ngaphambi kwenkantolo.
Isifinyezo se- Umndeni kaPascal Duarte
Indlela yokuqala
Easter -umlandeli womuntu wokuqala- uqala ukubonakala kwakhe ngokuziveza njengomfokazi oneminyaka engama-55, ongowokuzalwa eTorremejía, idolobhana eliseduze neBadajoz. Ngokuphumelelayo, unikeza imininingwane ngendawo yangakubo nendlela uyise, umshushumbisi, ayemshaya ngayo nonina. Ngendlela efanayo, unina waba nobudlova lapho ephuza, ngakho umlingiswa oyinhloko wakhetha ukuhamba.
Ezahlukweni ezilandelayo, umlandi uchaza abanye abalingiswa. Okokuqala, ukhuluma ngoRosario, osemusha owumlutha wotshwala owabaleka ekhaya waya edolobheni lase-Almendralejo. Lapho, waba umlingani we-bullfighter enhle eyisixhwanguxhwangu esibizwa ngokuthi "El Estrao", lapho uDuarte aphikisana naye ngale ntombazane. Khona-ke, ulandisa izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene zamanje (neziphazamisayo) zokuphila kwansuku zonke kulelo zwe.
Phakathi kwemibuzo nezinkumbulo
Umlandi uchitha amaviki amabili engabhalanga ngenxa yesikhathi olunikezelwe kuhlu lwemibuzo okufanele uluphendule phambi kwabashushisi. Ngaphambili, wayeseke wakhuluma ngamaqhinga afaka isicelo sokuhlala nomkakhe wesikhathi esizayo, uLola. Ngaleso sikhathi, uyacabanga ukuthi usuku lwakhe lwaluyoba njani endaweni yokudoba noma umsele lapho ayevame ukudoba khona, esikhundleni sejele lapho ekhona.
Kuleli qophelo, uPascal uyazi ukuthi akanaso isikhathi esiningi esisele. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukhumbula nge-nostalgia ukuthandana kwakhe no-Lola, kanye nokukhulelwa kwakhe okwalandela okwagcina kubangele umshado wakhe. Okulandelayo, uchaza ukungena nokuphuma komshado wakhe nge-honeymoon eyalandela eMérida.. Ngaleso sikhathi wabhekana nezinkinga ezithile ngoba ingulube yensikazi ayeyigibele yashayisa isalukazi.
Indoda ephethe ummese
Lapho ebuyela eTorremejía, uPascal wahlala ephuza nabangane bakhe endaweni yokucima ukoma kuyilapho ethumela uLola ekhaya. endaweni yokucima ukoma, U-Duarte usolwa ngesela ngumuntu amaziyo, ngenxa yalokho, umlingiswa oyinhloko wagwaza umnyundeli amahlandla amathathu. ngaphambi kokuba ahambe nabangani bakhe baye kwakhe. Lapho efika ekhaya, uNksz Engracia wamamukela ngezindaba zokuhushulwa kwesisu umkakhe.
Ishwa lenzeka ngoba lona wesifazane waphonswa i-mare, ngenxa yalokho, uPascal wabulala i-equine ngemimese. Ngemva konyaka, U-Lola wakhulelwa futhi; ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalolunye kwazalwa umntwana owabhapathizwa ngegama likayise. Kodwa umoya omubi wabangela ukufa kosana lapho lusanda kuhlanganisa izinyanga eziyishumi nanye.
udlame luyaqhubeka
U-Duarte uchithe amasizini ambalwa egxile osizini oluphelele nolungenakududuzeka. Okubi nakakhulu ukuthi unina nomkakhe babelokhu bekhononda kuye. Njengamanje, uPascal uyeka ukubhala inyanga yonke njengoba engena esimweni sokucabanga somhlaba esuka esitokisini sakhe. Ekugcineni, unquma ukuphinda athathe i-quill ngemuva kokuvuma.
Imigqa yakhe emisha ikhumbula lapho ethatha isitimela esiya eMadrid, lapho asebenza khona izinsuku eziyishumi nanhlanu. Ngemva kwalokho, waya eLa Coruña ngenhloso yokugibela umkhumbi oya eMelika. Nokho akakwazanga ukugibela ngoba wayengenayo imali eyanele wakhetha ukubuyela ekhaya.
Isiphetho esishaqisayo
Uma esekhaya umkakhe uyamtshela ukuthi ukhuleliswe enye indoda.. UPascal, ethukuthele, uphikelela ngokuthi alivume igama lesiphingi. Ekugcineni, ukhuluma "elula" imizuzwana ngaphambi kokuwela ezingalweni zikaDuarte. Ngaleyondlela, umlingiswa oyinhloko uqala ukujaha isikhathi eside wenkunzi yenkomo aze ayithole ambulale.
Ngenxa yokubulawa UPascal wadonsa iminyaka emithathu ejele (empeleni, wayegwetshwe iminyaka engamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili). Njengoba behamba, uRosario umtshela ukuthi u-Esperanza -Umzala wakhe- usemathandweni laye.
Yena nentombi baba amasoka futhi bayashada, kodwa umama kaDuarte uyaqhubeka nokwenza ukuba khona kwakhe kube yizikwele ezincane. Ngaleso sikhathi, umlingiswa oyinhloko uyaqonda ukuthi kufanele abulale unina ukuze aphile ngokuthula.
Umlando wombhali, uCamilo José Cela
Ngo-May 11, 1916 wazalwa UCamilo José Cela kanye ne-Trulock, endaweni yesifunda sase-Iria Flavia, isikhathi sasePadrón, eLa Coruña, eSpain. Wayeyizibulo lamadodana amabili omshado phakathi kukaCamilo Crisanto Cela noFernández, noCamila Emanuela Trulock. kanye noBertorini (umama wakhe wayenokhokho baseBrithani nase-Italy).
osemusha ovukela umbuso
Ngo-1925, umndeni wakwaCela Trulock wathuthela eMadrid. Enhloko-dolobha, uCamilo omncane wabhaliswa esikoleni sase-Escolapios futhi wazibonakalisa engumfundi okhuthele. Kodwa futhi wenze izenzo ezibucayi zokungaqondi kahle; Okokuqala, waxoshwa ngokujikijela uthisha ngekhampasi. Ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, wahlela isiteleka esikoleni saseChamberí Marist futhi waphinde waxoshwa.
Isifo sofuba kuphela esabangela ukuhlubuka komlobi wesikhathi esizayo. Ngo-1931 wangeniswa esibhedlela saseGuadarrama ukuze aphathe isimo sakhe. Wasebenzisa lesi sikhathi esisithekile ukufunda ngokuzimisela nokubhala (amanye amanothi avela kuyo inkundla yokuphumula (1944). Ngo-1934, wakwazi ukuphasa izivivinyo zesikole samabanga aphezulu eSan Isidro Institute ngenxa yokusekelwa othisha abazimele.
Izincwadi zokuqala nokubamba iqhaza eMpini Yombango
Camilo Jose Cela
U-Cela wafundela ubudokotela phakathi kuka-1934 no-1936; nawe, Wayengumlaleli emakilasini ezincwadi zembongi uPedro Salinas. Ngaleso sikhathi, umlobi osemusha wakhiqiza izingcezu eziningi zezinkondlo. Eminingi yaleyo mibhalo yayiyingxenye Ukunyathela ukukhanya kosuku okungabazisayo (1945). Lapho kugqashuka iMpi Yombango (Julayi 1936 - Ephreli 1939), uCamilo wayesenhloko-dolobha.
AbakwaCoruñés, ababenezinkolelo eziqinile eziqinile, bathuthela ohlangothini lwabavukeli, babhaliswa, baya empini futhi balimala eLogroño. Eminyakeni emithathu ngemva kokuphela kwengxabano yempi, ukushicilelwa kwe Umndeni kaPascal Duarte y Yaba inoveli eshaqisayo kakhulu ngesikhathi sayo.
Imishado nesikhundla sezombangazwe
UCela washada phakathi kuka-1944 no-1990 noMaría Rosario Conde Picavea; naye wayenendodana yakhe okuwukuphela kwayo, uCamilo José (1946). Kamuva, ngo-1991, washada noMarina Castaño López; umbhangqwana wahlala ndawonye kwaze kwaba sekufeni komlobi ngoJanuwari 17, 2002. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, uCela wagcina isikhundla esiseduze nombuso kaFranco futhi wahlala ePalma de Mallorca kusukela ngawo-1950.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, wavakashela eminye imibuso yomashiqela—njengaleyo kaMarcos Pérez Jiménez eVenezuela—futhi wengamela i-Spain-Israel Friendship Society (1970). Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayengumsunguli we-Editorial Alfaguara (1964), waba yilungu leRoyal Academy futhi wathola izindondo eziningi. Phakathi kwazo:
- Umklomelo Kazwelonke Wokulandisa (1984);
- I-Sant Jordi Prize for Letters (1986);
- I-Prince of Asturias Award for Letters (1987);
- Umklomelo kaNobel Ezincwadini (1989);
- I-Mariano de Cavia Award for Journalism (1992);
- Indondo Yeplanethi (1994);
- I-Cervantes Award (1995).
Izincwadi ezivelele kakhulu zikaCamilo José Cela
Ngokuphelele, UCela ushicilele amanoveli ayi-14, izindaba ezimfushane namanoveli angama-40, izincwadi zokuvakasha eziyi-13, ama-anthologies ezinkondlo ayi-10 kanye nemibhalo ehlukene engaphezu kuka-40. phakathi kwama-athikili, ama-eseyi, imidlalo, amamemoirs, imanyuwali yefilimu kanye nezichazamazwi. Phakathi kwalabo, Izinyosi (1951) uthathwa njengomsebenzi wakhe wobuciko. Okubalulwe ngezansi okunye ukukhishwa okubalulekile emsebenzini omkhulu wombhali waseSpain:
- uhambo oluya e-alcarria (1948), incwadi yokuhamba;
- UCadwell uxoxa nendodana yakhe (1953), inoveli ye-epistolary;
- i-catira (1955), inoveli;
- I-Windmill (1956), indaba emfushane;
- Inkumbulo, ukuqonda kanye nezifiso (1993), ukulandisa kwe-autobiographical.