Izwe laseChile
Ines yomphefumulo wami yincwadi yomlando yombhali odumile u-Isabel Allende. Ishicilelwe ngo-2006, leli tulo lilandisa ngokwenzeka kumnqobi onesibindi nowaseSpain u-Inés Suárez neqhaza lakhe lokuhola kwinkululeko yaseChile. Yindaba eyiqiniso elandisa ngezokuzijabulisa, ukulahleka nokulwa kwabashisekeli abaningi baseLatin America, ikakhulukazi ekuthinjweni kweChile ngabaseSpain.
U-Allende wenze uphenyo oluphelele ngezehlakalo ezenzekile ukwenza umsebenzi uthembeke ngangokunokwenzeka.. Ngaphezu kokuhlonishwa okuphawuleka okukhokhelwa u-Inés Suárez, le ncwadi ikhombisa okuhlangenwe nakho nezingxabano zabanye abantu ababalulekile, abanjengo: Francisco Pizarro, Diego de Almagro, Pedro de Valdivia noRodrigo de Quiroga. Ngo-2020, uchungechunge lwamagama kule noveli lwakhishwa yi-Prime Video, eyayikhiqizwa yi-RTVE, Boomerang TV neChilevisión.
Isifinyezo se- Ines yomphefumulo wami
Ukuqala kwendaba
Lapho eneminyaka engama-70, u-Inés Suárez —Oyaziwa nangokuthi u-Inés de Suárez— uqala ukubhala imilando ngempilo yakhe. Inhloso yokubhala lolu hlobo lwedayari ukuthi indodakazi yakhe angayizali u-Isabel ayifunde nokuthi ifa lakhe lingakhohlwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isalukazi silangazelela usuku olulodwa ukuhlonishwa ngetshe lesikhumbuzo ngezenzo zalo.
IYurophu (1500-1537)
U-Agnes wazalelwa ePlasencia (e-Extremadura, eSpain), emndenini othobekile. Kusukela eneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, ikhono lakhe lokuthunga nokuhlobisa lamsiza ekondleni umndeni wakhe. Ngesonto elingcwele wahlangana noJuan de Málaga, akhangwe nguye kusukela mzuzu wokuqala. Isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka emithathu babenobudlelwano obunothando. Kamuva bashada bahamba eya eMalaga.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili bengakwazi ukukhulelwa, umshado wabo waphenduka ubutha. UJuan wanquma ukulandela amaphupho akhe futhi waya ezweni elisha, wabuyela ePlasencia, lapho athola khona izindaba ngaye evela eVenezuela. Ngemuva kokulinda isikhathi eside, U-Inés wathola imvume yasebukhosini yokuhlangana futhi nomyeni wakhe. Waqala iMelika emfuna nokuzimela ayekade ekulangazelela.
Ukuqala eMelika (1537-1540)
Ngemuva kohambo oluningana, U-Inés wafika ethekwini laseCallao ePeru, Ngokushesha wahamba namafraya waya eDolobheni laMakhosi (manje eyiLima). Lapho wabuza ngomyeni wakhe, futhi ekugcineni bathola Isosha ngubani owayemazi, lokhu wamtshela ukuthi uJuan ushonele empini yaseLas Salinas. Ukusuka lapho, u-Inés wanquma ukuya eCuzco eyofuna izimpendulo kokungaziwa ngomyeni wakhe ongasekho manje.
Ngokushesha kwasabalala izindaba zokuthi umfelokazi wayekulawo mazwe, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, uMbusi waseMarquis UFrancisco Pizarro wayefuna ukuhlangana naye. Ngemuva kokubuza u-Inés —okuqinisekisile ukuthi akafuni ukubuyela eSpain—, umlawuli wamnika indlu yokuhlala. Uma isifakiwe lapho, i-Inés wahlangana noPedro de Valdivia, owayexhumene naye lapho eqala ukumbona, kusukela kulowo mzuzu bobabili bahlukaniswa.
UValdivia wayefuna ukukhulula iChile, njengoba nje noDiego de Almagro azama; lapho uphawula ku U-Agnes, yena Uthe uzomphelezela. Bahamba ndawonye baya eDolobheni laMakhosi beyocela ukugunyazwa nguPizarro, okwathi ngemuva kwesikhashana sokuxoxisana, wasamukela isicelo. A) Yebo, bobabili baqala ukuzijabulisa ngomzila wasogwadule, ehamba noJuan Gómez, uDon Benito, uLucía, uCatalina namasosha amaningana.
Uhambo oluya eChile (1540-1541) nokusungulwa kweSantiago de Extremadura (1541-1543)
Okohambo basebenzise ibalazwe elidwetshwe ngu-Diego de Almagro, owayeyidalele ukuthi ikwazi ukuqondisa ukubuya kwakhe. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziningi kumahamba nendlwana, bakanise amasonto amaningi eTarapacá ngenkathi belinde ukuqiniswa. Kakade lapho belahla ithemba, iqembu lamadoda eliholwa nguRodrigo de Quiroga kanye nezinduna ezinjengo-Alonso de Monroy noFrancisco de Villagra zafika.
Emasontweni amabili kamuva, baqala lo msebenzi onzima ogwadule. UValdivia, u-Inés, amadoda abo nabakwaYanaconas bakwazi ukufika emazweni aseChile ngezinyanga ezinhlanu. NgoFebhuwari 1541, futhi ngemuva kokunqoba ukuhlaselwa kwezitha eziningana, uPedro de Valdivia wanquma ukusungula idolobha laseSantiago de la Nueva Extremadura. Kwabiwa amazwe kwathi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa indawo yayichume kuwo wonke umuntu.
Ukuhlaselwa kweSantiago
NgoSepthemba 1541, ngenkathi uValdivia engekho eSantiago, U-Inés uxwayise uQuiroga, ngoba uquqaba lwabantu lwalusondela kubo. Yaqala kanjalo-ke impi enkulu yokuvikela insimuBakwazile ukubusa isimo, yize idolobha beliyincithakalo, abaningi beshonile futhi belimele. U-Inés wenze umsebenzi omuhle empini, walwa eceleni kwalaba bantu kwaze kwaba sekugcineni.
UValdivia wafika ezinsukwini ezine kamuva; Yize edabukile, ubakhuthaze ukuthi baqale phansi, ememeza: "Santiago bese nivala iSpain!"
Iminyaka enzima (1543-1549)
Ngemuva kokuthi uSantiago echithakele, bonke babefuna ukubuyela ePeru, kodwa uValdivia akazange abavumele. Esikhundleni salokho, wacela uCuzco ukuthi aqiniswe ukuze akhe kabusha idolobha; ngenkathi lokho kwenzeka, baphila iminyaka emibili yosizi olujulile. Lapho ukuxhumana nezwe le-Inca kutholakala, bathumela izimpahla futhi konke kwaqala ukuba ngcono, ngakho iSantiago yamenyezelwa njengenhloko-dolobha yombuso.
I-Valdivia Bengingakhululekile, kahle befuna ukukhulula ezinye izindawo eChile --Okube kuphethwe amaMapuches— futhi kungenelela emicimbini yasePeru. Ngokushesha, wasuka nezinye izinduna, into engathandi noma yimuphi wabalandeli bakhe, owayephethe iVillagra. Ngemuva kokuhamba kwale ndodaU-Inés wazizwa ekhashelwa futhi njengoba isikhathi sihamba waphephela ezandleni zikaQuiroga.
Iminyaka edlule
Ngo 1549, amasosha amabili aseLa Serena Idolobha elisanda kusungulwabafika eSantiago nezindaba zokuthi bahlaselwe ngamaNdiya. Ukuvukela kwakuzobathola maduzane, ngenxa yalesi sizathu ukwesaba kwangena phakathi kwabahlali. Kuthathwe isinqumo sokuthi iVillagra izoqhubeka nokulungisa lesi simo, yazuza isivumelwano sokuthula, kepha bekungazinzile ngandlela thile, wonke umuntu wayefuna ukubuya umbusi.
Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa zokulwa, UValdivia wakwazi ukushiya iPeru, kodwa ngokushesha wabizwa nguViceroy La Garza. UPedro kwadingeka abhekane nezinsolo eziningi, ngakho-ke wabuya wazobhekana nobulungiswa. Yize le ndoda ikhombisile ukuthi ayinacala, isigwebo sicele ukuthi u-Inés aphucwe ingcebo yakhe abuyele ePeru noma eSpain.
U-Inés wenqaba ukushiya iChile, kanjalo, wanquma ukushada noRodrigo de Quiroga, ngoba ngale ndlela wayengeke alahlekelwe yimpahla yakhe, futhi kwakungeke kudingeke ahambe. Wafunga uthando lwaphakade nokwethembeka kule ndoda, okwathi esikhathini esithile esidlule yanakekela indodakazi yayo u-Isabel. Bobabili bahlala ndawonye isikhathi eside —Baze bafa - futhi balwa nabakwaMapuches ekuhlaseleni kwabo kokuqala.
Mayelana nomlobi, u-Isabel Allende
Umbhali Isabel Angelica Allende ULlona wazalwa ngo-Agasti 2, 1942 eLima, ePeru. Abazali bakhe kwakunguTomás Allende Pesce noFrancisca Llona Barros; ngemuva kwesehlukaniso sabo ngo-1945, U-Isabel wahamba nonina nezingane zakubo baya eChile, lapho ahlala khona iminyaka eminingana.
Isabel Allende.
Ngemuva kokugumbuqelwa eChile ngo-1973, u-Allende kwadingeka ukuthi aye ekudingisweni eVenezuela nomyeni wakhe nezingane (kusukela ngo-1975 kuya ku-1988). Ngo-1982, washicilela inoveli yakhe yokuqala: Indlu Yemimoya; Ngenxa yalo msebenzi, wazuza ukuqashelwa okukhulu emhlabeni wonke. Kuze kube manje, umbhali odumile ushicilele izincwadi ezingaphezu kwezingu-20, anqobe ngazo abafundi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-75 emhlabeni jikelele.
Ezinye zezinto azidalile kakhulu yilezi: Uhlelo olungenamkhawulo (1991), Paula (1994), Umuzi wezilwane (2002), U-El Zorro: umlando uqala, Inés del alma mía (2006), Incwadi kaMaya (2011), Isithandwa saseJapan (2015); nokuthunyelwe kwakhe kwakamuva: Besifazane bomphefumulo wami (2020).
Izincwadi zika-Isabel Allende
- Indlu Yemimoya (1982)
- Owesifazane okhuluphele ngobumba (1984)
- Ezothando Nezithunzi (1984)
- U-Eva Luna (1987)
- Izinganekwane zika-Eva Luna (1989)
- Uhlelo olungenamkhawulo (1991)
- Paula (1994)
- Aphrodite (1997)
- Ndodakazi yenhlanhla (1998)
- Ukuma ngobude e-sepia (2000)
- Umuzi wezilwane (2002)
- Izwe lami elisunguliwe (2003)
- Umbuso wedrako yegolide (2003)
- Ihlathi lamaPygmy (2004)
- U-El Zorro: umlando uqala (2005)
- Ines yomphefumulo wami (2006)
- Isibalo sezinsuku (2007)
- Abathandi beGuggenheim. Umsebenzi wokubala (2007)
- Isiqhingi esingaphansi kolwandle (2009)
- Incwadi kaMaya (2011)
- Amor (2012)
- Umdlalo kaRipper (2014)
- Isithandwa saseJapan (2015)
- Ngale kobusika (2017)
- Imbali ende yolwandle (2019)
- Besifazane bomphefumulo wami (2020)