Ibhalwa kanjani indaba ephikisanayo

Umbhalo ophikisanayo yilowo olungiselwe ngenhloso yokukholisa noma ukunxenxa umfundi ngokubaluleka komqondo oqukethwe ekubhalweni. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka njalo ukuchaza uchungechunge lwezisekelo ezisebenzayo kanye/noma zethiyori mayelana nesihloko. Ngakho-ke, okhiphayo kufanele okungcono abe nolwazi oluqinile nolunokuqinisekiswa odabeni okuxoxiwe ngalo.

Wonke umbhalo ophikisanayo udinga iphuzu elicacile neliqondakala kalula kumamukeli womlayezo. Ukwengeza, lolu hlobo lokubhala kufanele lubonise isikhundla noma umbono othile ngokuphawula okunesisekelo esihle (kokuthi noma ukuphikisa). Isibonelo: indaba yokuhlela, indatshana yombono, ukuphika, incazelo yezizathu, indatshana egxekayo, phakathi kokunye.

Izinyathelo zokubhala indaba ephikisanayo

Misa ukuma

Umgomo wanoma yimuphi umbhalo ophikisayo uwukuchaza ukuthi kungani iqiniso, umbono noma isinqumo kuyindlela eyodwa hhayi enye. Nokho, kuhle ukwakha ukucabanga okungenayo imibono, ukwenzelela noma ubandlululo, nakuba, ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kubonise isimo. Lelo phuzu lokubuka alikona ngempela ubunye, kungaba izikhundla ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezizungeze ingqikithi noma ukungqubuzana.

Yenza isiphakamiso bese uyasithethelela

Ngokuvamile, Esigabeni sokuqala sombhalo wempikiswano, kwethulwa isiphakamiso ngenhloso yokuchaza ukuthi siyini isihloko esikhethiwe nokuthi kungani.. Khona-ke, kuyadingeka ukwethula isizathu sesiphakamiso esishiwo lapho izizathu ze-neuralgic zokuhlaziya zivikelwe.

Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba izimpikiswano ezikholisa kakhulu zidlulisela umbono kumfundi kanye nokuveza okucacile kombono owodwa noma ngaphezulu. Ukulingana okunjalo phakathi kombono womnikezi kanye nokwethembeka komqondo kufinyelelwa ngokufaka lokho okubizwa ngokuthi izinsiza zokuphikisana.

Izinsiza ezivamile zokuphikisana

• Izingcaphuno eziqondile ezivela kubabhali abaziwayo (izimpikiswano ezivela kwabasemagunyeni);
• Izincazelo ezinembile;
• Izibonelo (izimpikiswano zezilinganiso) kanye nokubalula kokushicilelwe okunezikhombo (abezindaba, izindatshana zesayensi, imithetho)…;
• Hlanganyela;
• Izingcaphuno;
• Okujwayelekile, ukubala kanye nezikimu ezibukwayo.

Beka imiphumela engaba khona yezimo ezahlukene

Umbhalo omuhle wempikiswano uhlanganisa izingxoxo ezikwazi ukukhombisa izimo zesikhathi esizayo ezihlukene. Ngamanye amazwi, umnyombo we-athikili kufanele udlulele ngalé kokuqinisekisa isikhundla sokhiphayo kube yingozi kwamanye amaphuzu. Uma kungenjalo, ukubhala kuba lula; ngakho-ke, akusebenzi ukukholisa futhi kuncane kakhulu ukuguqula umbono womfundi.

Ngokuhambisana, Kunconywa ukuthi kuhambisane nokulungisiswa ngencazelo yemiphumela ehlukene -akulula kangako-ngakweminye imibono. Ngalokhu, kunethuba elihle lokujwayela ukuphathwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezimpikiswano (okuhlanganisa izimpikiswano ezishiwo ngenhla zegunya kanye nezimpikiswano zezifaniso). Zicaciswe ngezansi:

• izimpikiswano ezinciphisayo: Ukuqagela kuholela esinqumweni esaziwayo noma esithile.
• Izimpikiswano ezifundisayo: isisekelo sisekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho futhi siholela esiphethweni esijwayelekile.
• izimpikiswano ezithumbayo: kuwumcabango okufanele uchazwe noma uhlelwe kabusha.
• Ukubonisana okunengqondo: iqukethe iziphakamiso ezinembile eziholela esiphethweni esingenakuphikiswa.
• Amathuba okuphikisana: asekelwa idatha yezibalo.
• izimpikiswano ezithinta inhliziyo: inkulumo ethinta imizwa yomfundi.

Isinqumo

Isiphetho sempikiswano kufanele sifake ukuvala kafushane (ngaphandle kokushiya iziphetho ezixekethile) zendaba noma ukungqubuzana okuphakamisiwe. Ngokuhambisana, isigaba sokugcina singabandakanya isimemo sokwandisa ukuhlaziywa. Ngakho, umfundi uthola i-panorama ephelele—isikhundla sombhali, izingcaphuno ezivela kochwepheshe nezimo ezihlukahlukene zesikhathi esizayo—ezimvumela ukuba azenzele owakhe umbono.

Isakhiwo sombhalo ophikisanayo

Isingeniso

Kufaka nencazelo yombono wombhali, umongo wendaba noma inkinga okukhulunywa ngayo kanye nomqondo omaphakathi ovikelwe embhalweni (ithesis yokuqala).

Umzimba wengxabano

Qonda ukukhula komqondo, idatha, izingcaphuno ezivela kubantu abanegunya ngale ndaba, imiphumela engaba khona yezinye izikhundla kanye nokuphambene nendlela yombhali.

Isiphetho

Ihlanganisa impikiswano yokugcina ngokuhlanganiswa kwamaphuzu abalulekile esihloko esiphathwayo kanye nezincomo zesikhathi esizayo (uma zikhona). Njengoba kubonakala, igcina okufanayo isakhiwo se-eseyi.

Ukubaluleka kokuphikisana

Leli yikhono eliwusizo kakhulu lesayensi yezenhlalo lapho ukhuluma futhi uvikela umbono othile. Ngenxa yalokho, Ukwenza kahle leli khono kusiza abantu ukuthi babhekane kahle nokungazethembi kwabo ngenkathi bethuthukisa amakhono okuhlaziya. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, impikiswano iyisisekelo senkulumo-mpikiswano.

Kumkhakha wezobuchwepheshe, ukuphikisana nenkulumompikiswano kungamakhono abalulekile kunoma yimuphi umxoxisi ophumelelayo. Ngale ndlela, umuntu unethuba lokuthola idili elimlungele kakhulu (noma lenkampani ayimele). Ngokunjalo, lawa makhono okuxhumana asiza ukuqaliswa kwamasu okusebenza kweqembu, kanye nokucobelelana ngemibono.

Ukuvumelana kungxoxo yomphakathi

Akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ngengxoxo yomphakathi engenakho ukuphikisana nokuhlonipha abanye abahlakaniphe ngokusetshenziswa kolimi olufanele.. Ngaphandle kwalezo zinkambiso, ingxoxo iba yi-cacophonous, engenangqondo futhi engagcini. Hhayi ize, ukushintshana kwemibono okuphucuzekile kubalulekile kunoma yimuphi umphakathi ukuze uqonde futhi uxazulule izinkinga ezivamile.

Yiqiniso, kunoma iyiphi indawo yomphakathi—ngokwesibonelo, ezingxoxweni zezombangazwe—ukuphikisa kungase kushube. Ngendlela efanayo, izikhulumi ezinokuhlangenwe nakho okwengeziwe zivame ukusebenzisa indida njengomthombo ukuze babukele phansi isikhundla sabamelene nabo. Ukwengeza, ababambiqhaza benkulumo-mpikiswano kufanele bafinyelele ukuvumelana kwangaphambili ngemithetho yengxoxo.

Ukusuka embhalweni ophikisanayo kuye engxoxweni

Inkulumo-mpikiswano ngencazelo ibhekana nesihloko esiyimpikiswano nesifanelekile, ngale ndlela, kuvela intshisekelo yemvelo okutholakala kwayo okunengqondo kuwukungqubuzana kwemibono. Bese, Ngokusobala, amalungu engxabano kufanele azilungiselele kusenesikhathi ukuze avikele umbono wawo. Okungukuthi, buyekeza udaba okuzoxoxwa ngalo, yazi omelene nawe futhi uzilolonge izinkulumo zakho.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukwakheka kwezinkulumo-mpikiswano—isingeniso, ukuvezwa kokuqala, ingxoxo nesiphetho—kufana ncamashi nalokho okwavezwa ngaphambilini embhalweni wempikiswano. Ngokwalesi sizathu, Isincomo esiphusile kunoma yimuphi umhlanganyeli engxoxweni, ngokuqondile, ukubhala umbhalo ophikisanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukucabangela imisebenzi umongameli:

• Yethula isihloko;
• Nikeza ithuba lokungenelela kwababambe iqhaza;
• Gada isikhathi sokungenelela;
• Ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kolimi olunenhlonipho;
• Qinisekisa ukuthi abaphikisanayo bagxila esihlokweni okuvunyelwene ngaso.

Imibhalo edumile ephikisanayo (izinkulumo)

• ngingephupho (ngingephupho), uMartin Luther King Jr.
• Inkulumo ka-Evita (María Eva Duarte de Perón) ngoSuku Lwabasebenzi ePlaza de Mayo (May 1, 1952).