Wake wezwa izifengqo? Zivame kakhulu ezinkondlweni futhi empeleni zivame ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kokuqaphela, zinikeze imibhalo ubuhle obuhlukile, ngaphesheya kwesithombe noma ukuzizwa ikunikeza. Eqinisweni, azisona nje ithuluzi lezinkondlo, zingasetshenziswa nakwezinye izinhlobo zemibhalo.
Kodwa, Ziyini izisho zokukhuluma? Futhi bangaki abakhona? Konke lokhu, nezinye izibonelo ukukwenza kucace kuwe, yilokho esizoxoxa ngakho nawe namuhla ukuze ungangabazi ngomqondo wabo noma ukuthi ungazithola kanjani emibhalweni eyahlukene yezincwadi.
Ziyini izisho
Izinkulumo, ezibizwa nangokuthi izibalo zemibhalo, azilutho nje amathuluzi noma izindlela zokusebenzisa amagama. Babizwa kanjalo ngoba lokhu okwenziwa yilezi zibalo ukuthi amagama athola ubuhle, ukuveza imizwa, impilo… ngamanye amagama, bafuna ukuthi amagama ajabulise, amangalise, asabise… umfundi noma umlaleli owezwayo.
Imvamisa, kuthatha amagama angaphezu kwelilodwa ukufeza lokhu, ngoba ngukwakhiwa kwemishwana, noma inhlanganisela yamagama ezuza lo mphumela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, into abaningi abangayiboni ukuthi, noma kunjalo izibalo zokukhuluma zihlobene kakhulu nezinkondlo, iqiniso lihlukile. Lezi zingaba khona nakwezinye izinhlobo, ezifana nedrama, i-eseyi noma nokulandisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma ngolimi oluhlanganayo ungathola izethulo zezibalo zemibhalo, ngezinkulumo noma ukujika.
Kodwa ziyini lezi zibalo? Sikhuluma ngazo ngezansi.
Izinhlobo zezinkulumo (kanye nezibonelo zazo)
Okwamanje, kukhona izifenqo ezingaphezu kwama-250, eziningi zazo namuhla cishe ezingaziwa kulabo abangezona "izazi" zezincwadi. Ngakho-ke, ukukhuluma ngazo zonke kunzima kakhulu, ngoba singathanda ukukukhathaza. Kepha singaphawula ngezinye zezibalo ezisetshenziswe kakhulu nezijwayelekile emibhalweni, noma ngabe ziyinkondlo noma ziyalandisa. Futhi yilezi:
Isingathekiso
Isingathekiso singaqondakala njenge- ukufana okwenziwa phakathi kwezithombe ezimbili, imiqondo, imibono, njll.
Isibonelo:
"Amehlo akhe abumnyama." Kulokhu, kukhombisa ukuthi umbala wamehlo umnyama, kepha akalisebenzisanga lelo gama kepha elinye elisankondlo (noma nge-sonically) lisho okufanayo kepha linezela ubuhle embhalweni.
Isifaniso noma ukuqhathanisa
Iyafana neyangaphambilini, kepha empeleni yehlukile. Kusho ukwenza ifayili le- ubudlelwane bezinto ezimbili nokusho ukuthi bangaqhathaniswa nani.
Isibonelo:
"Kuyabanda njengeqhwa."
"Liwele kuye njengokhozi oludle inyamazane yalo."
Kuzona zozimbili lezi zimo, okwenziwayo ukuqhathanisa isenzo, noma indlela yokuba khona, nenye into esisinikeza isibonelo salokho okwenzekayo. Lesi sisho sisiza umuntu ukuthi avuse lokho kuqhathanisa bese ezwa leyo "mizwa" ngokunikeza isibonelo sendlela okufanele bazizwe ngayo.
Izinombolo Zokubhala: Ukwenziwa Kwamuntu
Ukwenziwa samuntu kungenye yezaga ezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Futhi kwenziwa ngoba ubuntu bunikezwa umqondo noma inhloso. Isibonelo:
"Imoto ibikhala."
"I-alamu ikhale kakhulu."
Umoya omnene.
Akukho lutho kulokhu esikushilo okungakwenza ngempela lokho, kepha kujwayelekile ukukubona emibhalweni, ikakhulukazi ekulandiseni (ngokwesibonelo, ngokwesibonelo, noma eqanjiwe).
Izibalo zokubhala: Hyperbaton
I-hyperbaton empeleni iyi- sibalo lesiphendvulako lesigucula kuhlela kwemagama. Lokhu kuyinto ejwayelekile ezinkondlweni, ngoba ngaleyo ndlela kulula ukwakha imvumelwano noma imitha imbala. Kepha akudingeki siye kulokhu ukwenza isibonelo. Eqinisweni, kukhona umlingiswa othile ovela ku-Star Wars, u-Yoda, oguqula ukuhleleka kwamagama, nokuthi ngubani, ngaphandle kokuqaphela, asibonise ukuthi iyini i-hyperbaton.
Izibonelo zalesi sibalo zimi kanje:
"Uma ngikhumbula kahle…". Esikhundleni sokuthi "Uma ngikhumbula kahle ...".
"Ngiyesaba ukuthi uzobuya." Esikhundleni sokuthi "Ngiyesaba ukuthi uzobuya."
Amanani Okubala: I-Onomatopoeia
I-Onomatopoeia ngezaga zokukhuluma ibhekisa ku- izethulo ezibhaliwe zomsindo. Isibonelo, lapho inja ikhonkotha, ithi "Wow", noma lapho inkinobho "ichofozwa". Ziyizindlela zokwenza umuntu aqonde futhi nawo azwe wona lowo msindo engqondweni yakhe, futhi uyinsiza esetshenziswa kabanzi, ikakhulukazi ekulandiseni.
Indida
I-Irony yinto esihlala siyikhumbula, hhayi emibhalweni yezincwadi kuphela, kepha nasezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke, ngezingxoxo zethu. Lezi yimishwana efuna ukudalula omunye umuntu, kodwa ngaphandle kokubathuka, kepha usebenzisa amagama ajwayelekile, kwehla iveli lentukuthelo kubo.
Isibonelo:
"Bengizijabulisa ntambama ngisalinde ukuthi ungishayele." Kulokhu, ifuna ukugxila ntambama eyachithwa kulindwe ucingo olungakaze lufike nokuthi, ngokungaqondile, lwenza kube yisicefe.
Amanani Okubala: I-Hyperbole
Lesi sibalo sibhekise ku ukukhulisa noma ukwehlisa okuthile. Isibonelo:
"Ngicele ukuxolelwa kwakho izikhathi eziyinkulungwane." Lapho empeleni lelo kungahle kungabi yinombolo ngqo enayo.
"Kuze kube ngokungapheli nakwezinye izindawo." Kuyinkulumo evame ukusetshenziswa kwezothando (yize isethenjwa sokuqala kuyo ingavela kwi-movie ethi "Indaba Yethoyizi") kepha ukudlula ngokweqile akunakwenzeka.
Izibalo zokubhala: Anaphora
I-Anaphora empeleni iyimpinda yamagama athile ukuze kugcizelelwe kakhulu umusho noma isigaba lapho kubhalwe khona.
Isibonelo:
Wazi konke. Wenza konke ngendlela efanele. Yena, njalo yena.
I-Alliteration
Kusho ukuphindaphinda, hhayi kwamagama, njengasesimweni esedlule, kodwa kwe umsindo owodwa noma eziningana ezifanayo. Kulokhu, kuba sengathi usebenzisa amagama aphethe izinhlamvu ezifanayo. Ngokwesibonelo:
"Isixuku esidumile sezinyoni zasebusuku". Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, nansi i-tur iyaphindwa, ngesixuku nasebusuku, futhi lapho ifundwa, umbhalo unikezwa ubuhle nokuzwela.
Amanani Okubala: I-Oxymoron
Lesi sibalo esaziwa kancane kodwa esisetshenziswa kabanzi empeleni siyindlela yokwenza ukuphikisana noma ukungahambelani emshweni.
Isibonelo:
"Okuncane okuningi".
"Ukuthula okuyisithulu."
"Thula uyamemeza."
Ekugcineni, sikushiyela i- uhlu kuzo zonke izibalo zokukhuluma ezikhona ngolimi lwaseSpain.