Iyini indaba yemibhalo

I-eseyi yetemibhalo ibalwa njengenye yetinhlobo letibalulekile temibhalo. Itholakala eduze kwedramaturgy, ukulandisa kanye nezinkondlo—nakuba kunomcamelo owengeziwe we-didactic—. Iwumbhalo omfishane obhalwe ngephrozi lapho umbhali ehlaziya, ehlola noma ehumusha isihloko ngendlela eqondile kodwa ebhalwe phansi. Inhloso yawo ukuphikisana ngesihloko esithile.

Izindikimba ze-eseyi zihlukahlukene njengempilo ngokwayo. Kubhalwe ngepolitiki, i-pedagogy, ubuciko noma ifilosofi. Indlela yokuxoxisana isekelwe esidingweni sombhali sokuveza imibono yakhe ngokuthile. Okuhloswe ngakho ukuthethelela lezi zimpikiswano ngocwaningo ngaphandle kokuba umsebenzi wezobuchwepheshe.

Izici ze-eseyi yemibhalo

I-eseyi yombhalo ayiyona ithisisi noma i-monograph - lezi zincwadi zingezekhwalithi yesayensi. I-eseyi iwukuveza okufushane nokukhululekile okuhloselwe izethameli eziningi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, isebenzisa ulimi olufuna ukuqondwa inani elikhulu labantu.

Kodwa-ke, njengomthetho ojwayelekile usebenzisa izinsiza zesitayela nezenkondlo. Lokhu kunikeza amandla amakhulu empikiswano umlobi afisa ukuyithuthukisa. Ngale ndlela, I-eseyi yombhalo inezici ezithile ezidingekayo ukuze ifakwe kulesi sigaba. Ezinye zazo yilezi ezilandelayo:

• Wethula imibono esekelwe emsebenzini wocwaningo wombhali;
• Isebenza njengombhalo owandulelayo nofundisayo ukuze usungule izinkulumo-mpikiswano;
• Kuwukubhala okunengqondo okufingqa isihloko semfundo, isimilo, noma inani lenhlalo (Wikipedia.org, 2022).

Izingxenye zendatshana yombhalo

Enye yezimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu ze-eseyi yombhalo ukuba idokhumenti yamahhala, eyinkomba kanye nesiphakamiso. Iyaguquguquka ngoba umsebenzi wayo ukuvumela umbhali ukuthi ethule indikimba futhi asondele kuyo ngokubona kwakhe.. Kodwa kunezici ezivamile ezivame ukwenza umbhalo walolu hlobo. Lokhu kungaba isakhiwo esiyimodeli sokuthuthukisa indaba:

Induction

Kulesi sigaba Umgomo wempikiswano yesihloko ozothuthukiswa ezigabeni ezilandelayo udaluliwe. Ngokuvamile, ifuna ukuba mfushane ukunikeza okuqukethwe.

Ukuthuthukiswa

Kulapha lapho umbhali ephakamisa khona izimpikiswano ngokwakhe. Lezi nezinkolelo-mbono ziyadalulwa. Ungaphinda usho imithombo yolwazi ukuze wazise umfundi ngezisekelo zocwaningo lwakho. Lesi sigaba ngokuvamile side kunazo zonke futhi esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

Ukuvala

Kumayelana neziphetho okufinyelelwe kuzo umbhali wendaba. Nazi izimpikiswano zokugcina zombono, futhi kugqanyiswe lezo zimpawu ezisekela izimpikiswano zombhali. Ngokuvamile akuyona ingxenye ebanzi kakhulu.

Izakhiwo zangaphakathi indaba yombhalo engaba nazo

Ngenxa yenkululeko enikezwa yona ngokwayo indaba ebhaliwe, isakhiwo salo sangaphakathi singahlelwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Konke kuncike ekutheni umbhali uhlose ukulolonga kanjani umqondo wakhe-iziphetho ngaphambi kokuthuthuka noma ukuthuthukiswa ngaphambi kokwethulwa. Kuye ngecala, sinalezi zinhlobonhlobo:

ukuhlaziya kanye ne-deductive

Ngalokhu kuqamba, umbhali uqala asho umqondo oyinhloko wempikiswano yakhe. Ube eseqhubeka nokuthuthukisa indikimba, anikeze umfundi ulwazi, futhi ahlole inkolelo-mbono yakhe ngokuningiliziwe.

I-synthesizing kanye ne-inductive

Lolu hlobo lwesakhiwo luhlola izimpikiswano ekuqaleni kombhalo, futhi ishiyela isiphetho isethulo sethisisi noma iziphetho.

kufakwe uzimele

Kulokhu, i-thesis ivezwa ekuqaleni kwe-eseyi. Phakathi kubhalwe izimpikiswano kanye nedatha eqoqwe umbhali wendaba. Ngokufanayo, i-thesis yesiqalo ihlelwa kabusha kusukela kudatha, ukuze kusetshenziswe iziphetho kamuva (idunneditorial.com, 2022).

Izinhlobo zendatshana yombhalo

Izindatshana zombhalo zizamile ukuzihlukanisa ezikhathini eziningi. Noma kunjalo, lokho okubahlukanisayo kuhlobene nezindikimba noma izikhundla abazikhulumayo. Ezinye izibonelo zalokhu yilezi:

indatshana ebhaliwe yamanoveli

Lolu hlobo lwe-eseyi luhlose ukuhlaziya okuqukethwe yindaba -imvamisa inkimbinkimbi- ukwakha izinkulumo mpikiswano ngabo. Isibonelo salokhu UGarcia Marquez: indaba ye-deicide, yombhali uMario Vargas Llosa.

i-eseyi yemibhalo yefilosofi

Kukhona izindatshana ezithile ngezihloko zefilosofi. Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kokubhekana nezinkinga ezihlobene nokuphila noma ukufa, uthando noma umphakathi..., lolu hlobo lombhalo lubonakala ngokusetshenziswa kwamasu okuxoxa ngobuhlenjengamathuluzi okubhala.

Izindatshana zemibhalo exubile

Singathola izivivinyo lokho khuluma ngesihloko esingaphezu kwesisodwa. Kungenzeka ukuthi umbhali wafunda ukukhuluma ngokulandisa-umlando, izinkondlo-ifilosofi noma umphakathi-ipolitiki.

Ibhalwa kanjani indaba ebhaliwe

Ngaphambi kokuthatha umsebenzi wokubhala indaba, kuyadingeka ukwenza inqubo yocwaningo ngesihloko okuzoxoxwa ngaso. Kusiza kakhulu ukwenza uhlu lwemibono, ukuhlukanisa, nokulahla leyo ebonakala ingalungile..

Ngokwemibandela yakho, umbhali angasebenzisa noma agqamise ifomula yemvelo noma yokwenziwa ukuze imsize ukuhlela isihloko sakhe. Lokhu kungase kube:

• Ama-Rhetoricians: ukukholisa umfundi.
• Ukulandelana kwezikhathi: okuhambisana nencazelo yento ethile.
• I-Didactic: athuthukiswe ngendlela yokuthi asuke kokulula aye kokuyinkimbinkimbi.
• kuma-media res: kusukela embuzweni kuya ekuqaleni kwentuthuko.

Ngalokhu kucacile, kungenzeka ukusungula ukusatshalaliswa okuthile. Ngokufanelekile, kufanele ubhale ngenhloso yokunikeza ukuqonda okubanzi, enomphumela ovuthiwe nogculisayo kubo bobabili umbhali wendaba kanye nomfundi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho ubhala indaba ephikisanayo, thesis ingxenye eyinhloko. Kuyo umbhali kumele ethule isikhundla sakhe.

Endabeni ye-eseyi echazayo, umbhali kufanele anikeze incazelo ecacile yesihloko. Akunconywa ukuthi umbhalo weqe isigaba esisodwa noma ezimbili (I-Wikipedia, 2022). Isiphetho sibalulekile njengezinye izingxenye. Nokho, kufanele kube okufushane kakhulu.

Umlando omncane mayelana nendatshana yemibhalo

Kuwo wonke isiko lethu kube khona iqoqo elimangalisayo labacabangi abadalula imibono yabo emhlabeni. Noma kunjalo, irekhodi lokuqala esinalo le-eseyi efanele -iqanjwe kanjalo ngenxa yobusha bayo besitayela- usuku lwa 1580. Kulo nyaka umlobi ongumFulentshi uMichel Eyquem de Montaigne (1553-1582) wanikeza incwadi yakhe. izinhlolo. Igama livela olimini lwabo lwendabuko, futhi lisho "umzamo."

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinoFrancis Bocon (1561-1626), owayezonyathelisa eyakhe izinhlolo ngo-1597. Noma kunjalo, Kwakungeke kuze kube ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili lapho lolu hlobo lwemibhalo luzothatha amandla adingekayo ukuze lube yilokhu oluyikho namuhla. Ukunyakaza okunjengokukhanyiselwa kanye ne-bourgeois Individualism ilethe izindatshana kubantu abaningi ngesandla sikaSamuel Johnson noma uWilliam Hazlitt (biografiasyvidas.com, 2022).

Izibonelo zama-eseyi adumile

I-eseyi yemibhalo isebenzele abantu abaningi abanesiphiwo sobuhlakani bokuveza imibono yabo. Ngalo mqondo, imibhalo yomlando iqoqe ukuvezwa okugqama kakhulu nokudlulele kwezindaba ezikhona. Isibonelo sazo yilezi ezilandelayo:

• Izindatshana zesimilo nepolitiki (1597), nguFrancis Bacon;
• INkosana (1550) UNicolo Machiavelli;
• Umgomo wenkondlo (1850), kusuka ku- U-Edgar Alan Poe;
• Ukuzindla kukaDon Quixote (1914), kaJosé Ortega y Gasset;
• Umoya womthetho (1748) nguMontesquieu;
• isingathekiso futhi (1928), kusuka ku- UJorge Luis Borges.