Isilinganiso sika-Edgar Allan Poe.
Ukukhuluma ngezindaba zika-Edgar Allan Poe (1809 - 1849) ukuhlola umsebenzi womunye wababhali abangafi bezincwadi zolimi lwesiNgisi. Nakuba ashona esemncane kakhulu—eneminyaka engama-40—ukwazile ukushicilela izindaba ezingamashumi amabili nesithupha, izinkondlo ezingamashumi amathathu nambili, izindatshana ezibucayi eziyisishiyagalolunye, kanye nenoveli. Phakathi kwalezo, imfihlakalo yakhe emfushane kanye nezindaba ezithusayo zidume kakhulu.
Futhi, umbhali waseBostonian uthathwa njengomanduleli wezinhlobo ezimbili zokulandisa: inoveli yobugebengu kanye nenoveli eqanjiwe yesayensi. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukubalekela ithonya likaPoe kubabhali nabaculi abaningi bakamuva. Eqinisweni, ithonya lakhe esikweni elidumile (ikakhulukazi elibonakala ku-archetype yomseshi wesimanje) lisaqhubeka nanamuhla.
Isifinyezo sezindaba ezinhlanu eziyizifanekiselo zika-Edgar Allan Poe
"Iphupho"
Iphupho -igama lokuqala ngesiNgisi- kwakuyindaba yokuqala eyanyatheliswa umlobi waseNyakatho Melika, owasayina ngo-"P" olula. Indaba ithwalwa umxoxi wokuqala ohlangabezana nezimo ezixubile zokuvuka nokuphupha. kanye nezikhathi zokukhanya nethemba. Amaphupho amaningi e-protagonist amnyama, amanye ahle kakhulu, kodwa akekho ongaziwa kuye.
Ngokuhambisanayo, umxoxi uzizwa engakhululekile ngempilo yakhe yangempela, lapho ephethe khona ukuntula ithemba okusobala nokunamathela okunobuthi esikhathini esedlule. Ujabulile kuphela ngenkathi ephapheme lapho ukukhanya kumqondisa emzwelweni omuhle nomsulwa. Ekugcineni, isikhulumi sinikeza incazelo eyengeziwe kuleyo mibono yasemini ekhanyayo kunokukhanya kwasekuseni ngemva kwamaphupho amabi.
"Amacala e-morgue Street"
Ababulali baseRue Morgue Iwumbhalo oyisisekelo wohlobo lwenoveli yobugebengu. Isizathu: U-Auguste Dupin, umseshi wokuqala wesimanje endabeni eqanjiwe, wethulwa okokuqala ngqa kule ndaba. Ngokunjalo, lo mlingiswa uyisibonelo esiyisisekelo somcwaningi esisekelwe ekuhlaziyeni okuphusile kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi lokuxazululwa kwamacala.
Indaba imayelana nokubulawa ngesihluku kwabesifazane ababili abebesendlini ekhiyiwe. Khona-ke uDupin uqala esenzweni lapho othile osondelene naye ehlelwa icala lokubulala. Ukuze uxazulule imfihlakalo, kuyadingeka ukucacisa ukuthi umenzi wobugebengu ubalekele kanjani, unqume umsuka wobudlova obuningi futhi uchaze izwi elingaqondakali ngolimi lwangaphandle ukuthi ofakazi abadidekile bezwa.
"Imfihlakalo kaMarie Rogêt"
Imfihlakalo kaMarie Roget imele ukubonakala kwesibili kuka-Auguste Dupin (owesithathu nowokugcina wawuku-"The Purloined Letter"). Itulo liqala ngo-1841 ngokutholwa kwesidumbu sikaMary Rogers —intombazane enhle eyaziwayo eyayisebenza esitolo sikagwayi— emfuleni i-hudson. Ukufa kuvusa intshisekelo yomphakathi kanye nokuvela kwemibono ehlukahlukene, inhlebo ngisho nobufakazi bamanga.
Ukwengeza, ukuzibulala kwesoka likaMary kukhulisa ukuqagela. Ngaphambi kwalokho, UDupin uhola umfundi ngesandla ekwakhiweni kabusha kwemininingwane yokubulala, kusukela ekuhleleni izingubo zomuntu oyisisulu ukuya ekuthuthweni kwayo emfuleni. Ngalesi sizathu, ezinye izifundiswa zikhomba kule ndaba izinhloso ezimbili: ezihlakaniphile nezifundisayo.
"Ikati Elimnyama"
Ekuqaleni, umlingiswa oyinhloko—osejele—uthi unengqondo lapho echaza indlela ukuphila kwakhe okwaqala ngayo amalangabi. Ngokufanayo, lo mlingiswa uthi ungumthandi wezilwane kusukela ebuntwaneni (uthando olwabiwe nomkakhe). Ngenxa yalokho, yena nomlingani wakhe babenekhaya eligcwele izilwane, kuhlanganise nekati elimnyama elihlakaniphe kakhulu okuthiwa uPluto.
Nokho, lapho ephuza utshwala waba nobudlova ngokomzimba nangokwezwi kumngane wakhe womshado kanye nezilwane ezifuywayo. Isikhohlakali sayidla indoda nenkabi futhi yaqala ukungabaza yonke into eseduze kwayo. Ngale ndlela, kumiswa isimo esiba mnyama esiholela nakanjani emphumeleni wokukhulisa izinwele.
"Inhliziyo Yokukhuluma"
Inhliziyo Yokutshela ilandela umbalisi ongaziwa nongathembekile ophikelela ekhanda lakhe yize esanda kubulala ikhehla “ngelihlo lenqe”. Kwakuyicala lokubulala elingenasisekelo; Ngemva kokuyidla, umlingiswa oyinhloko waklebhula umzimba waba yizicucu futhi wafihla izingcezu ngaphansi kwamapulangwe aphansi.
Kodwa-ke, icala lidala ukuthi umbalisi azinikele ngenxa yokubona izinto ezingekho; kuthiwa, umbulali usengakuzwa ukushaya kwenhliziyo kamufi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, Ubudlelwano phakathi komhlukumezi nomenzi wobubi abucaciswa, kanjalo nencazelo yeso eliyinqaba. Ngokuphambene, imininingwane yobugebengu ivezwa ngokuningiliziwe.
Mayelana nombhali, u-Edgar Allan Poe
Ukuzalwa nobuntwana
Inkondlo ka-Edgar Allan.
EBoston, Massachusetts, ngoLwesine, January 9, 1809, Edgar Allan Poe wazalwa. Wayenguthunjana ezinganeni ezintathu ezazalwa uDavid Poe Jr. waseBaltimore no-Elizabeth Arnold Poe baseBritain (bobabili babengabalingisi). Empeleni, imbongi ayibazi abazali bayo, kahle ubaba wahamba ekhaya ngemva nje kokuzalwa umbhali kanye umama wabulawa isifo sofuba ngo-1812.
Ngalesi sizathu, u-Edgar omncane wachitha sonke isikhathi sobuntwana bakhe nobusha bakhe eRichmond, eVirginia. lapho futhiWayeqeqeshwa uJohn Allan, umthengisi kagwayi ophumelelayo, nomkakhe, uFrances, azakhela ubuhlobo obuseduze naye. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubuhlobo nomfundisi wakhe babunzima, ngoba wayefuna uPoe aqhubeke nebhizinisi lomndeni naphezu kobizo lobunkondlo obungakabikho obonakalayo kulo mfana.
Izifundo zasenyuvesi, izincwadi zokuqala kanye nolwazi lwezempi
e 1826, UPoe waqala ukuya eNyuvesi yaseVirginia, lapho athola khona amamaki amahle kakhulu. Kodwa akazange ayithole imali eyanele ku-Allan—ngokuqinisekile, izindaba zezezimali bezilokhu zibangela ukungezwani phakathi kombhali nomfundisi wakhe—ukuze akwazi ukubhekana nezifundo zakhe. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, insizwa yezincwadi yaqala ukubheja, kodwa yagcina ingena ezikweletini futhi kwadingeka ibuyele endlini yabafundisi bayo.
EVirginia, kwafezwa ukubuyiselwa emuva okusha: umakhelwane wakhe kanye nengoduso yakhe, uSarah Elmira Royster, wayesethembisene umshado nomunye. Ngidangele, UPoe wahlala isikhashana eNorfolk ngaphambi kokufika kwakhe eBoston, lapho ashicilela khona incwadi yakhe yokuqala: Tamerlane nezinye izinkondlo (1827). Kwakuyisikhathi esinzima sezimali kuye; waqala wazama ukuziphilisa ngobuntatheli wabe esebhalisa eButhweni Lezempi lase-US.
Matrimonio
Ngawo-1930s uPoe wasebenza njengentatheli kanye nomgxeki eceleni kwezinhloso zakhe eziqinile zokuziphilisa ngokubhala kuphela. Iningi lokukhiqiza kwakhe kwemibhalo kwenziwa kusuka 1835 sibonga ukwesekwa osozigidi abafana noJohn P. Kennedy. Ngawo lowo nyaka washada nomzala wakhe oneminyaka engu-13 ubudala, uVirginia Eliza Clemm (nakuba irekhodi libonisa ukuthi wayeneminyaka engu-21).
Iminyaka edlule
Empeleni Poe akazange azinzise izimali zakhe; wayevame ukuvumela imilutha yakhe (ikakhulukazi ukuba umlutha wotshwala). Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho umkakhe ebulawa isifo sofuba ngo-1847, lo mbhangqwana wawugcwele ingozi. Ekugcineni, ngemva kwemizamo eminingana engaphumelelanga yokuphinde ushade, imbongi yashona ngo-Okthoba 7, 1849 ngezizathu ezingakaze zicaciswe ngokugcwele kuze kube namuhla.
Zonke izindaba zika-Edgar Allan Poe
- "Iphupho", 1831
- I-Metzengerstein, ngo-1832
- "Umbhalo wesandla otholakala ebhodleleni", ngo-1833
- "Inkosi Yezinhlupho", ngo-1835
- UBernice, ngo-1835
- Ligeia, 1838
- "Ukuwa kweNdlu ka-Usher", 1839
- UWilliam Wilson, ngo-1839
- "Indoda Yesixuku", ngo-1840
- "Ukwehla eMaelström", ngo-1841
- "Ukubulala kwe-Rue Morgue", ngo-1841
- "I-Masque of the Red Death", ngo-1842
- "Umgodi kanye nePendulum, 1842
- "I-Oval Portrait", ngo-1842
- "I-Golden Beetle", ngo-1843
- "Imfihlakalo kaMarie Rogêt", ngo-1843
- "Ikati Elimnyama", 1843
- "I-Tell-Tale Heart", ngo-1843
- "Ibhokisi oblong", 1844
- "I-Purloined Letter", ngo-1844
- "Ukungcwatshwa Ngaphambi Kwesikhathi", 1844
- "Idemoni Lokuhlanekezela", 1845
- "Iqiniso mayelana necala likaMnu Valdemar", 1845
- "Uhlelo lukaDkt. Tarr noSolwazi Fether", 1845
- "I-Cask of Amontillado", ngo-1846
- "Hop-Frog", 1849.