Ungayihlaziya kanjani inkondlo

Ngokombono wezemfundo, Ukwazi izinyathelo okufanele uzilandele ukwazi ukuhlaziya inkondlo kubalulekile. Njengamanje, yonke inhlobo yemisebenzi ivame ukutholakala ku-intanethi, kusuka kuma-athikili wewebhu angahlelekile kuya kumadokhumenti okufundisa emaphephabhukwini anezikhombo. Zonke zivame ukuqondana nephuzu elilodwa: izinkondlo ziwuhlobo lwenkulumo enamazwi ehlelwe emavesini.

Ngakho-ke, lapho uhlaziya inkondlo Kubalulekile ukubuyekeza izincazelo ezinjengalezi: isitanza, into enomsindo, imvumelwano, i-synalepha, i-syneresis, phakathi kokunye. Ngale ndlela, izinkondlo zingahlukaniswa, zihunyushwe futhi “zilinganiswe”. Vele, ngaphandle kokuzenzisa ukwakha indinganiso evumelana ngazwi linye, ngoba ukulandisa okubhaliwe kuvela ekuphefumulelweni kuhlala kunomthwalo omkhulu kunoma ngubani owufundayo.

Izinkondlo

Izinkondlo wuhlelo noma inqubo yokuhlaziywa kwezinkondlo. Kususelwa ekuhlonzeni izakhi ezihambisana kakhulu nesakhiwo senkondlo. Ngenkathi inkondlo kufanele iqondwe ngokuphelele, ukuyijabulela kwayo akutholakali ngokugqashula izingxenye zayo ukuze ihlolisiswe kabanzi. Ngoba, phela, inkondlo iwukubonakaliswa kobuhle ngamagama abhaliwe.

Yize kungezona zonke ukubonakaliswa okuphakeme uma kukhulunywa ngezinkondlo, izinkondlo ezikhuthazwa ukwesaba noma ukwesaba azinakwa. Kunoma ikuphi, iningi liyi-epic ngokwemvelo, amagama abo angakhombisa ukuphakanyiswa noma ukubonakaliswa okumangazayo, kothando nobungani. Izinkondlo zisuselwa emiqondweni elandelayo:

Ukuguqulwa kabusha

Kuwukuhlaziywa kwesitayela okuhlose ukuhlukanisa inkondlo ngezigaba (ku-sonnet, i-ode, ezothando ...), kanye nokunquma uhlobo lwezigatshana (quatrain, limerick, lesishiyagalombili noma leshumi). Ngokufanayo, i-versification ifaka imvumelwano (isononisi noma ungwaqa), isichazamazwi (amagama angukhiye, ukusetshenziswa kwamabizo, izichasiso) nezinsiza zokubhala (ukwenziwa samuntu, izingathekiso, i-onomatopoeia, i-anaphora).

Okuqukethwe nokuhumusha

Imayelana nesisusa noma into ebhaliwe. Umbuzo obalulekile ngothi: uyini umyalezo wenkondlo? Ngakho-ke, ukuthi "umamukeli" uhumusha kanjani incazelo yomsebenzi kuncike ngqo kulayini wokulandisa owenziwe ngumbhali. Okubaluleke kakhulu manje ukuthi umbhali akwazi ukuvusa imizwa, izithombe, imizwa - ngisho nomuzwa - kumfundi, ngokusebenzisa izifaniso noma iziphikisi.

Ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yolwazi kumele kuhambisane nengqikithi yenkondlo. Kujwayelekile ukuthi imisebenzi egqame kakhulu kube yileyo eveza imizwa yembongi.. Noma ngabe kubhekiswa emndenini, isizungu noma ukusinda.

Izakhi zohlobo lomculo

Into eyisiqalo:

Ngumuntu, inhlangano noma isimo esidala imizwa ezwini lobunkondlo. Imvamisa inereferensi ethintekayo, eqondile nokhonkolo (isidalwa esiphilayo noma into ethile, ngokwesibonelo).

Isikhulumi esi-Lyrical:

Yizwi lenkondlo, elikhishwe umbalisi. Kungaba futhi yizwi lomlingiswa ongeyena umbhali ekwakhiweni kwemibhalo. Veza imizwa nemizwelo ngombono wangaphakathi emhlabeni womsebenzi.

Isimo sengqondo:

Isimo noma indlela yokuveza imibono enkondlweni ukuchaza iqiniso. Kungaba njalo:

• I-enunciative: lapho isikhulumi somculo sibhekisa kumuntu wokuqala noma wesithathu esimweni noma entweni engaphandle kuye.
• I-Apostrophic: lapho isikhulumi somculo sikhomba kumuntu wesibili (ukuhumusha) ongavumelana noma angahambelani nento enomsindo.
• UCarmine: lapho ukubonakaliswa kwesikhulumi esihlabayo kuvela kumuntu wangaphakathi. Imvamisa iba kumuntu wokuqala futhi ibe nombono ophawulekile wokuzithoba.

Ukunyakaza noma isihloko setimu:

Imele umongo, izilungiselelo, imicabango kanye nemizwa ephilisa ukuzwela kwembongi.

Isimo senhliziyo:

Kushiwo isimo sengqondo esivezwa yimbongi. Lokhu kungakhombisa ukudabuka, noma injabulo. Intukuthelo, intukuthelo, noma ukwesaba nakho kujwayelekile.

Kala amavesi

Inani lamaqoqo evesini ngalinye linquma ukuthi ngabe elobuciko obuncane yini (enamalungu ayisishiyagalombili emethrikhi noma ngaphansi. Futhi uma kungobuciko obukhulu (amaqoqo emethrikhi ayisishiyagalolunye noma ngaphezulu). Ngokunjalo, kufanele kubhekwe uma kubhekwa ama-umlauts, ama-synalephas noma ama-syneresis. Lezi zinto ziguqula inani eliphelele lamaqoqo evesi.

I-Dieresis:

Ukwehlukaniswa konkamisa obekuvame ukuba yilunga elilodwa. Lokhu kuveza ushintsho ekuphimiseni okujwayelekile kwegama. Kuboniswa ngamaphoyinti amabili (i-diaeresis), kunkamisa obuthakathaka obuthintekile (, ü), njengoba kubonakala evesini elilandelayo likaFray Luis de León:

• Lowo okukabaniiqiniso he mund-da-nal rü-i-do.

I-Syneresis:

Ukuhlanganiswa konkamisa ababili abanamandla bezinhlamvu ezihlukene ezimbili ezisuka endaweni yokubuka yohlelo lolimi. Isibonelo singabonakala evesini elilandelayo lamaqoqo emethrikhi ayi-14 (alejandrino) kaJosé Asunción Silva:

• Nge-mo-vi-mien-to-rhythm-mi-co yena ba-lan-cea le umfana.

ISinalefa:

Ukwakheka kohlamvu lwemethrikhi kusuka konkamisa ababili noma ngaphezulu abangamagama ahlukene. Kungenzeka ngisho nangophawu lokubhala phakathi. Isibonelo (ivesi le-octosyllable le- espronceda):

• Umoya-ukungena po-pa, ukuze ukuzokubona.

Umthetho wokugcina wokugqamisa:

Ngokuya ngohlamvu lwamagama olugcizelelwe lwegama lokugcina, amaqoqo emethrikhi ayengezwa noma asuswe engqikithini yevesi. Uma igama libukhali, kufakwa elilodwa; uma kuyi-spruce, omunye uyasuswa; lapho kubucayi, kuhlala.

I-Rhyme

Lapho uhlaziya inkondlo esinye sezinyathelo ezibalulekile ukubuka uhlobo lwemvumelwano yamagama okugcina evesi ngalinye. Uma iqondana nonkamisa nongwaqa ibizwa ngokuthi «ngongwaqa». Ngokufanayo, ibizwa ngokuthi “ungwaqa ophelele” uma izinhlamvu ezigcizelelwe nazo zihambisana Njengoba kungabonakala kucezu olulandelayo lwe- UMiguel Hernandez:

… "Njalo kwabahlanuero

njalo ngoJanuwaria

izicathulo zami zizohambaero

efasiteleni fra"...

Kunalokho, lapho onkamisa bokugcina beqondana kuphela enkondlweni, ibizwa ngokuthi i- «assonance». Esiqeshini esilandelayo sika-Antonio Machado, lolu hlobo lwemvumelwano luyabonakala phakathi kwamavesi 2 no-4:

“Ubusuku basebusika.

Iqhwa liwela ngokuzungezaino.

Iwashi le-Alvargonzález

umlilo ucishe wacishaido".

IStanza

Okunye okusemqoka lapho kuhlaziywa inkondlo yizici zezitanza. Lokho kuhlelwa ngenombolo nobude bamavesi. Ukuqonda ngestanza "iqembu lamavesi aqukethe isigqi nesigqi". Okulandelayo yizinhlobo ezahlukene zezitanza:

• Kubhangqiwe (izitanza zemigqa emibili)
• Izigcawu ezinemigqa emithathu:
  • Okwesithathu.
  • libalele.
• Izigcawu zemigqa emine:
  • Quartet.
  • URedondilla.
  • I-Serventesio.
  • I-Quatrain.
  • Izithandani.
  • Seguidilla.
  • Sash.
• Izigcawu ezinemigqa emihlanu:
  • I-Quintet.
  • I-Limerick.
  • Lira.
• Izigcawu ezinemigqa eyisithupha:
  • USestina.
  • I-Sextilla.
  • I-couplet yonyawo ephukile.
• Izitezi zomugqa eziyisishiyagalombili:
  • Imeya yaseCopla de Arte.
  • I-Royal yesishiyagalombili.
  • I-Italian yesishiyagalombili.
  • Ipheshana
• Izitezi zemigqa eyishumi:
  • Okweshumi.
• Izitanza ezingenanombolo ethile yamavesi:
  • Ukuthandana.
  • Dirge.
  • URomancillo.
  • USilva.

Ulwazi lwalezi zinto luholela ekuqondeni okugcwele

Qonda futhi ukutadisha ngendlela ebucayi ngasinye sezici ezichazwe lapha kuvula umnyango omkhulu kulabo abahlose ukutadisha izinkondlo. Yize lolu hlobo lohlobo luxhomeke kakhulu ekuzihlanganiseni, ukwazi zonke izici ezingenela ekudalweni kwalo kungukhiye ekufezeni imisebenzi enesisindo ehlangabezana nokucaciswa okudingekayo nomyalezo wawo ofinyelela kubafundi.