Ukucaphuna kukaJuan Ramón Jiménez.
Lapho umsebenzisi we-Intanethi efuna "imisebenzi esemqoka uJuan Ramón Jiménez", imiphumela ikhomba iziqu zakhe ezintathu ezaziwa kakhulu. Okungukuthi, Isizungu esinamandla (1911), UPlatero nami (1914) futhi Idayari yembongi esanda kushada (1916). Kuzo kungenzeka ukukhomba izici ezaziwa kakhulu zesitayela sakhe: ukuzithoba, ukuphelela, ukucabanga, ukucinga iphakade kanye "nobuhle bobubi".
Kodwa-ke, kunoma yikuphi ukubuyekezwa kwemibhalo kungahle kube nokuchema ukukhawulela kuphela ezincwadini ezishiwo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, lezi yizosha zomnqobi weNobel Prize for Literature. Yini enye, esigabeni ngasinye saso sokudala - Ukuzwela (1889 - 1915), ubuhlakani (1916 - 1936), futhi kuyiqiniso (1937 - 1958) - washicilela imibhalo eminingana ebaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sakhe.
Impilo kaJuan Ramón Jiménez
Ukuzalwa nezifundo
Wazalelwa eMoguer, eSpain, ngoDisemba 23, 1881. Abazali bakhe, uVíctor Jiménez noPurificación Mantecón López-Parejo, babenza ukuhweba ngewayini. U-Little Juan Ramón waya esikoleni samabanga aphansi eColegio de Primera y Segunda Enseñanza de San José. Kamuva, waya e "La Rábida" Institute (Huelva) wafunda isikole samabanga aphezulu eSan Luis Gonzaga Academy ePuerto de Santa María.
Ekuqaleni, uJiménez wayekholelwa ukuthi ubizo lwakhe lwaludweba; Unalokhu engqondweni, wathuthela eSeville ngo-1896. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi esifushane waqedela umbhalo wakhe wokuqala wephrozi namavesi futhi kamuva waba ngumhlanganyeli emaphephandabeni nakomagazini abahlukahlukene base-Andalusia. Ngokufana, kwaqala - ngokufakwa kwabazali - umsebenzi wezomthetho eNyuvesi yaseSeville (Washiya ngo-1899).
Ukudana
e 1900 wathuthela eMadrid, lapho ashicilela khona Nymphaeas y Imiphefumulo ye-violet, izincwadi zakhe zokuqala ezimbili. Ngawo lowo nyaka wawela ekucindezelekeni okujulile ngemuva kokushona kukayise nasekulahlekelweni yiyo yonke impahla yomndeni ngempikiswano neBanco de Bilbao.
Ngenxa yalokho, uJiménez wangeniswa esibhedlela sabagula ngengqondo eBordeaux futhi kamuva eSanatorio del Rosario enhlokodolobha yaseSpain. Empeleni, Ukudangala kwakuyisimo esenzeka njalo empilweni yembongi. Ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokugqashuka kweMpi Yombango nokuhlanganiswa okwalandela kobushiqela bukaFranco nokufa komshana kuleyo mpi efana nempi.
Okudabukisa inhliziyo
Ngaphambi kokuba ube yiCasanova yangempela, umbhali wase-Andalusi wayemthanda kakhulu uBlanca Hernández Pinzón, okukhulunywa ngaye emavesini akhe njengo "makoti omhlophe." Kamuva, "akazange abandlulule" noma imvelaphi, umsebenzi noma isimo somshado sezindaba zakhe zothando. Wayenazo zonke izinhlobo: abesifazane abashadile, abesifazane abangashadile, abavela kwamanye amazwe, ngisho - ngokusho kukaJosé A. Exposito, umhleli wakhe - ngisho nezindela.
Izigaba zokubhala zikaJuan Ramón Jiménez
Isigaba esibucayi (1898 - 1915)
Okuhlangenwe nakho kukaDonjuán de Jiménez kwakubalulekile ngenxa yamagama abonisa wona, ikakhulukazi ku Izincwadi zothando (1911-12), ehlelwe ezinkondlweni eziyi-104. Lesi sigaba sasibaluleke kakhulu kumlobi waseHuesca. Kuyo wakhombisa ukuthambekela kwesimanjemanje kanye nophawu lwezincwadi lwaleso sikhathi kanye nethonya elibonakalayo likaGustavo Adolfo Bécquer.
Ngokufanayo, ekupheleni kwalesi sigaba ithonya labalingisi baseFrance elihlanganiswe izihlakaniphi ezifana Charles Baudelaire noma uPaul Verlaine, phakathi kwabanye. Ngenxa yalokho, emisebenzini yakhe kunokuhambisana okuningi kwezakhiwo zomhlaba nezinsizakusebenza ezifinyelelekayo, lapho ukuzizwa ungelutho kungumuzwa oqhubekayo.
Isizungu esinamandla (1911)
Lokhu kungenye yeqoqo lezinkondlo likaJiménez elincane kakhulu, kepha okungahambelani kangako. Njengoba amafomu akhona esiqeshini, kanye nokuqukethwe yikho, kuqinisekisa ukuqhelelana kwembongi “nefa” lesimanjemanje. Ngakho-ke, lo msebenzi umele ukuvulwa kokuvuselelwa okunesibindi kakhulu kwenkondlo ngesikhathi sakho.
Ucezu:
“Igolide lantambama seliphenduka laba pinki;
imifino isamile kanti okwesibhakabhaka kuyabanda;
ekukhanyeni kwelanga, uvemvane luyandiza
i-elegiac, i-indolent, esobala "...
UPlatero nami (1914)
Kubhekwa yizifundiswa njengenye yemibhalo ebaluleke kakhulu yama-lyric ngeSpanishi yaso sonke isikhathi. Ngokunjalo, kuJiménez kwakusho ucezu lwesikhashana olusuka kwesimanje semibhalo lube yifomu elivezayo eligcwele imizwa emihle nobuningi obuchazayo. Ngakho-ke, Umshayeli wesiliva Kubukeka njengendaba yezingane, kepha impela akunjalo (kuqinisekiswa ngumbhali uqobo).
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngaphandle kokubhekiswa njalo kwe-Andalusia yangakubo kanye nokuhlangana okuthile komuntu siqu, futhi akuyona i-akhawunti yomlando womuntu. Eqinisweni, uJiménez wenza izinkondlo ze-prose eziphakeme ngempela, ayinakho ukulandelana kwezikhathi. Kepha isikhathi sibonakala sidlula phakade phambili, lapho ukuqala nokuphela kumelelwa khona yizinkathi zonyaka.
Ucezu:
“IPlatero incane, inoboya, ithambile; ithambe kakhulu ngaphandle, umuntu angasho ukuthi yenziwe ngokotini, ukuthi ayinawo amathambo. Izibuko zejet zamehlo akhe kuphela eziqinile njengamabhungane amabili amnyama engilazi ”(…)“ Unesisa futhi unobuqili njengomfana, njengentombazane…, kodwa womile futhi uqine ngaphakathi njengetshe ”.
Eminye isebenza kusuka esigabeni esibucayi sikaJiménez
- Imilolotelo (1902).
- I-arias edabukisayo (1902).
- Izingadi ezikude (1904).
- I-Melancholia (1912).
- ILabyrinth (1913).
Isigaba sobuhlakani (1916 - 1936)
Kulesi sikhathi - ubhabhadiswe kanjalo ngokwakhe - imbongi yase-Andalusi ibimakwe ngokujulile yimicimbi eminingana ebalulekile. Owokuqala, uhambo lwakhe lokuqala lokuya eMelika kanye nendlela yezinkondlo ze-Anglo-Saxon zababhali abanjengoBlake, Yeats, E. Dickinson noShelley, phakathi kwabanye.
Umcimbi wesibili bekungu umshado wakhe noZenobia Camprubí, umlingani wakhe othembekile kwaze kwaba seminyakeni yakhe yokugcina. Ekugcineni, ulwandle lwaba yisikhuthazo esibalulekile, ngoba kuJiménez ulwandle lwalusho impilo, ukusondelana, ukuba wedwa, injabulo nesikhathi samanje esiphakade.
Idayari yembongi esanda kushada (1917)
Njengoba igama lisho, Kulomsebenzi, uJiménez uveze umthelela owenziwe ngumshado wakhe osanda kuqedwa noCamprubí. Ngendlela efanayo, isimanjemanje saseNew York siguqule umqondo waso womhlaba futhi saholela ekuveleni kwe-lyric engenazo izichasiso zokuhlobisa. Lapho ukusetshenziswa kwamabizo nqunu kuhloselwe ukuvusa izithombe zokuqala.
Ngokwengeziwe, uJuan Ramón Jiménez waziqhelelanisa nezindlela zezinkondlo zendabuko kuya ekulimaleni kokuxubana okumangazayo nokudala kwama-subgenres (yingakho ukubaluleka kwayo). Inhlanganisela enjalo ifanekisela ukuphithizela okungapheli kwedolobha elikhulu eligcwele ukugqama. Ngokuqondile, kulo msebenzi amafomu womculo ashiwo ngezansi aqondana:
- Izinkondlo zeProse
- Amavesi
- Izindaba ezincane
- Ama -xixi
- Gregueries
- Imibhalo ye-Extrapoetic
Eminye imisebenzi isuka esigabeni sobungqondi sikaJuan Ramón Jiménez
- Ehlobo (1916).
- Amanethi angokomoya (1917).
- Ingunaphakade (1918).
- Itshe nesibhakabhaka (1919).
- Ubuhle (1923).
- Ingoma (1935).
Isigaba sangempela (1937 - 1958)
Kwaqala ngokudingiswa kukaJiménez nomkakhe ezwenikazi laseMelika ngenxa yeMpi Yombango yaseSpain. Ngakho-ke, ushintsho lwamandla emazwini lwaqala ukuzwakala, imbongi yathinteka kakhulu futhi yadabuka ngemicimbi yezwe layo. Ngakho-ke, indalo yakhe yaba eyimfihlakalo kakhulu, ecabangayo futhi engokomoya.
Ukwenza izinto zibe zimbi kakhulu, unkosikazi wakhe wadlula emhlabeni ngo-1956 ngemuva kwesikhathi eside elwa nomdlavuza.. Ngalesi sizathu, ukudana kwakhe kwaba sengathi akayanga ngisho nokuthola iNobel Prize for Literature ayithola ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba abe ngumfelokazi. Lokho kungena nokuchithwa kwahamba nembongi kwaze kwaba usuku lokufa kwakhe, okwenzeka ngoMeyi 29, 1958.
Izihloko zesigaba sangempela sikaJiménez
- Amazwi avela engomeni yami (1945).
- Isiteshi esiphelele (1946).
- Ama-Coral Gables Romances (1948).
- Isizinda sesilwane (1949).
- Igquma le-meridian (1950).
Leyenda (1978 - isidumbu)
Le ncwadi kufanele ikhulunywe ngokukhethekile ngoba ukubukeza okuphelele okwenziwe nguJuan Ramón Jiménez uqobo lomsebenzi wakhe (1896 - 1956). Yanyatheliswa ngu-Antonio Sánchez Romeralo futhi kamuva yathola uhlelo olulungisiwe ngo-2006 nguMaría Estela Arretche.
