Izimbali zobubi.
Izimbali zobubi (I-Les Fleurs du Mal, ngesiFulentshi) iyi-anthology yezinkondlo eziqalekisiwe eyabhalwa nguCharles Baudelaire futhi yashicilelwa ngo-1857. Lokhu kubhekwa njengomunye wemisebenzi ebabazekayo yombhali, eyisibonelo sophawu lwaseFrance kanye nokuwohloka. Umbhalo ukhombisa isikhathi lapho kwakudingeka ukuthi umbhali ahlaze onxiwankulu bombuso wesibili.
Ngokusebenzisa amagama ngobuciko, lo msebenzi wakhonza uBaudelaire njengokweqa kulokho okubizwa nge- "spleen" (umuzwa wesithukuthezi esibuhlungu imbongi ebuzwa lapho yenqatshwa ngumphakathi ozenzisayo nowonakele). Ngokusho kombhali, indlela engcono yokugwema lokhu kuzisola ngobuciko, izinkondlo, ukweqisa nothando, okungekude nokuhlupheka. Ngalokhu neminye imisebenzi yakhe eminingi IBaudelaire ithathwa njengenye yezimbongi ezinkulu zomhlaba.
Mayelana nomongo
Ukubhala lo msebenzi, uCharles Baudelaire waphefumulelwa izindawo ezingcolile nezimnyama zesigcawu seParis sekhulu le-XNUMX., lapho eshintsha khona phakathi kwezifebe ne-hashish, i-opium ne-laudanum ... konke lokhu ukubalekela iqiniso ebelibonakala limkhathaza. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ubuntu besimanje uqobo nobuqili baso bamholela ekufuneni umnyombo wobubi, izifo, ukufa, nokwesabekayo.
Njengomlingani, uBaudelaire Wazama ukuthola ukukhanya ebumnyameni okwakumqedile ngalezo zinsuku. Kodwa-ke, umlobi wagcina ebanjwe yilesi sithukuthezi esingaguquguquki, okwambuyisela emuva endleleni yempilo enesiphithiphithi neyihlazo engazange ibonwe kumumo womuzi osezingeni eliphezulu.
Izimbali zobubi
Egxile esimweni sakhe sokuhlala ngokweqile nombono wakhe oyingqayizivele wobubi, uBaudelaire wabhala lokho namuhla okubhekwa njengemisebenzi yakhe emihle kakhulu. Izimbali zobubi ifuna ukugcizelela izono zomuntu, igcizelela ukungazi kwayo. Umsebenzi ngokwawo uyisibonelo sokukhanyisa kwezobuciko njengesibonakaliso semizwa ejulile yabantu.
Kwakunjalo impela ngenxa yesimilo sayo, esesabekayo futhi esigqamile, ukuthi le ndumezulu yombango idale impikiswano enkulu, yadala izimbongi izinkinga eziningi zomthetho. Umbhali washushiswa ngokuqukethwe yilo mqulu, waphoqeleka ukuba akhiphe izinkondlo zakhe eziyisithupha ezazithathwa njengezinokuziphatha okubi okwesikhashana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uBaudelaire kwadingeka akhokhe inhlawulo yama-franc angamakhulu amathathu. Lokhu-ke, akuzange kuvimbele ukukhishwa kabusha okwenziwe kukho ngo-1861, kufaka nemibhalo ethile engakashicilelwa.
Umsebenzi uthathwa njengesitayela sakudala, futhi okuqukethwe kwawo kubhekwa njengokuthandana. Le ngqangi yaklanywa njengeqoqo lezinkondlo ezihlangana futhi ezihlobene, njengendaba lapho umlingiswa omkhulu — imbongi— ewela kancane kancane eqinisweni elibuhlungu futhi azicwilise ngokweqile empilweni. Njengoba ikulesi simo, imbongi ichaza lo wesifazane njengesidalwa esinobudlova esivimba ukukhuphukela kwakhe ekukhanyeni.
UCharles Baudelaire ucaphuna.
Isakhiwo
Lo msebenzi wenze izinguquko eziningana esakhiweni sawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu bekufanele, njengoba kushiwo, ukuthi ngemuva kokucatshangwa kombhalo kuthathwe njengesilo esingenasimilo esiphazamisa ukuhleleka, ukuthula namasiko amahle angaleso sikhathi.
Incwadi yokuqala iqukethe izingxenye eziyisikhombisa:
I-Primera
Engxenyeni yokuqala yalo mdlalo uBaudelaire wethula umphakathi kumbono wakhe ngenkondlo yakhe angayikhumbula ethi "Kumfundi." Lapha umbhali wembula (ngokwengxenye) okuzolandela kamuva; yindlela eyenza ukufunda kusondele kakhudlwana.
Okwesibili
Ngemuva kwalokho, uya ku- "Spleen and Ideal", lapho umbhali ephakamisa amafomu akhe awathandayo ukugwema iqiniso okumele aphile kulo; iqiniso eligcwele isithukuthezi nokungazi ("Ubende"). Lawa mafomu, yiqiniso, ubuciko nobuhle. Ku- "Ideal" uzwakalisa ngokuqinile ukweqa kancane kancane kuleli qiniso alibheka njengelibi.
Okwesithathu nokwesine
Engxenyeni yesithathu neyesine ("Izimbali Zobubi" kanye "Nemidwebo YaseParis") umbhali uzama ukuthola ubuhle eParis, leyo ayilahlekisile. Kodwa-ke, lolu cwaningo alunazenzo zonya, izimo ezesabekayo nobubi uBaudelaire abufaka kakhulu ezinkondlweni zakhe.
Okwesihlanu nowesithupha
Lapho engakutholi ukuphakama kwakhe okuphuphe kangaka noma ukulwelwa kwedolobha lakhe, umbhali ubuyela kokubi. Yilapho bengena khona ingxenye yesihlanu neyesithupha, "Ukuhlubuka" ne "Iwayini", futhi kubo akusekho ukubuyela empilweni emsulwa, akusenakwenzeka, hhayi uBaudelaire, hhayi izinkondlo zakhe.
Ingxenye yokugcina
Kulezi zigaba cishe zokugcina ungabona umdwebo ophelele we-Dantean odwetshwe yimbongi, ovumela indlela ingxenye yesikhombisa neyokugcina, okungeyona enye ngaphandle kokuthi "Ukufa". Kulapha, njengoba igama laso likhombisa, ukuthi konke ukubola kupheleliswa ekubhujisweni kobukhona. Kwakungeke kube ngenye indlela.
UBaudelaire, ngamandla akhe amakhulu ngobuhlakani bezinhlamvu, wakwazi ngobuciko ukwethula umfundi encazelweni yakhe yaseParis. Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi futhi ukuthi konke lokhu okuqukethwe akuvelanga ekuqaleni ngenxa yokuvinjelwa.
Uhlelo luka-1949
Ezinguqulweni zakamuva ze- Izimbali zobubi se faka ezinye zezinkondlo zothando ezinhle kakhulu zikaCharles Baudelaire, kwakheka isakhiwo esisha somsebenzi, esingafundwa kanjena:
- "Al Lector" ("Au Lecteur").
- "Esplín e Ideal" ("Spleen et Idéal").
- "Izimbali Zobubi" ("Fleurs du Mal").
- "Imidwebo yaseParis" ("i-Tableaux Parisiens").
- "Ukuhlubuka" ("Révolte").
- "Iwayini" ("Le Vín").
- "Ukufa" ("Le Mort").
Ngenxa yokungqubuzana kokuziphatha okubangelwe yile ndumezulu, nokuthi kufanele akhiphe izinkondlo zakhe eziyisithupha, Kuze kwaba ngo-1949 lapho umphakathi wakwazi ukujabulela ukuwohloka kanye nokuziphatha okuvusa inkanuko Izimbali zobubi njengoba yaklanywa ngumbhali. Okuthile okuthakazelisayo yilokho ukulungiswa kwalo msebenzi kusashicilelwa nanamuhla.
Sobre el autor
UCharles Baudelaire wazalelwa eParis; Umlando womlobi awucacisi ukuthi unyaka wokuzalwa kwakhe wawungu-1821, noma eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva. UBaudelaire wayeyimbongi, umhlaziyi wobuciko, umbhali wezindatshana, nomhumushi. Kulo msebenzi wokugcina wasebenza ehumusha izinkondlo nezindaba zalokho ayekubheka njengenye yamadoda ayevutha kakhulu ngesikhathi sakhe: u-Edgar Allan Poe.
UCharles Baudelaire.
Ubhekwa njengenye yezimbongi ezibaluleke kakhulu zezimpawu zaseFrance, nobaba we-decadence.. UBaudelaire wagxekwa kakhulu ngomsebenzi wakhe, wafakwa esigabeni se- "athuke imbongi", lokhu ngempilo yakhe yama-bohemia kanye nombono wakhe wehaba wobubi, uthando nokufa. Waphinde waqanjwa ngegama lesidlaliso elithi "The Dante of the modern era", ngenxa yalombono ofanayo.