Amahora amahlanu noMario

UMiguel Delibes uthathwa njengomunye wababhali ababaluleke kakhulu bekhulu lama-XNUMX, ngenxa yokuthi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kubuciko bakhe: Amahora amahlanu noMario. Ishicilelwe ngo-1966, le noveli ingumbhali othembekile wamaqiniso kwezenhlalo, umkhuba obaluleke kakhulu wokubhala eSpain maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Ngakho-ke, kwakuyisitayela sokuxoxa esinesisindo esikhulu samasiko ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaFranco.

Ngokuxoxisana kwangaphakathi kowesifazane osenkingeni — uCarmen, umlingiswa wakhe omkhulu— AbakwaDelibes baveza ukungezwani okuqhubekayo kwezepolitiki nezenhlalo eSpain ngaleso sikhathi. Hhayi ngeze, iphephandaba Izwe ifakiwe Amahora amahlanu noMario ngaphakathi kohlu lwakhe "lwamanoveli ayikhulu amahle kakhulu ekhulu lama-XNUMX."

Sobre el autor

UMiguel Delibes Setién wazalelwa eValladolid, eSpain, ngo-Okthoba 17, 1920. Wayengumntwana wesithathu emshadweni phakathi kuka-Adolfo Delibes noMaría Setién. Ubaba wakhe wayephethe isihlalo soMthetho eSikoleni Sezohwebo saseValladolid. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umkhulu kayise — uMiguel María Setién— wayengummeli owaziwayo owayeyilungu leqembu lezombusazwe laseCarlist.

Izifundo zezempi kanye nesipiliyoni

Ngo-1936 waphothula iziqu zamabanga aphakeme eLourdes College edolobheni langakubo. Kungekudala ngemuva kwalokho Wasebenza njengevolontiya embuthweni wamasosha empi yabavukeli phakathi neMpi Yombango yaseSpain (1936-39). Lapho impi isiphelile, wabuyela ezweni lakubo eyothola ukuqeqeshwa enyuvesi; ngokulandelana waphothula izifundo zezohwebo, ezomthetho nezobuciko.

Imisebenzi yokuqala

Ngo-1941, iphephandaba iValladolid Inyakatho yeCastile waqasha uDelibes njengomdwebi wamakhathuni. Ngemuva kokuphothula iziqu zeMercantile Intendant eBilbao, UMiguel osemncane uthathe isihlalo somthetho wezohwebo eNyuvesi yaseValladolid. Ngo-Ephreli 1946 washada no-Ángeles Castro, owayengumlondolozi wakhe emisebenzini eminingi yezincwadi yesikhathi esizayo yombhali waseSpain.

Umsebenzi wezincwadi

Incwadi yakhe yokuqala ibimele isitayela sokuqala: Umthunzi we-cypress unwetshiwe (1947), owine umklomelo weNadal. Kodwa-ke, inoveli yakhe yesibili, Ngisho sekusemini (1949), wagunyazwa ukuvinjelwa kukaFranco. Ngemuva kwalobo bunzima, waqala ukulandelwa eduze ngabaqinisekisi bombuso lapho efundisa izifundo ezihlobene neMpi Yombango.

Noma kunjalo, nge Umgwaqo (1950) Ama-Delibes afinyelela ekuzinikeleni emhlabeni kwezincwadi nezincazelo zemibhalo zenkathi yaseSpain yangemva kwempi. Yize, ngokusobala, ukucwaninga akuzange kuyeke ukumhlukumeza, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuqokwa njengephini lomqondisi we Inyakatho yeCastile. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, umbhali weValladolid akasimisanga isigqi sakhe phakathi namashumi amahlanu futhi waqhubeka nokushicilela isilinganiso sencwadi eyodwa ngonyaka.

Ukuphumula kwamanoveli kaMiguel Delibes

• Indodana yami uSisi (1953).
• Idayari kaHunter (1955). Owine Umklomelo Kazwelonke Wezincwadi.
• Idayari yomfuduki (1958).
• Iqabunga elibomvu (1959). Ophumelele umklomelo weJuan March Foundation.
• Amagundane (1962). Abagxeki Abathola Umklomelo.
• Umzekeliso wabaphosayo (1969).
• Inkosana ekhishwe esihlalweni sobukhosi (1973).
• Izimpi zokhokho bethu (1975).
• Ivoti eliphikisayo likaSeñor Cayo (1978).
• Abamsulwa abangcwele (1981).
• Izincwadi zothando ezivela ku-sexagenarian evuthayo (1983).
• Ingcebo (1985).
• Izinkuni zeqhawe (1987). Umnqobi we-City of Barcelona Award.
• Intokazi ebomvu ngokubomvu (1991).
• Idayari yomuntu othathe umhlalaphansi (1995).
• Umhlubuki (1998). Owine Umklomelo Kazwelonke Wezincwadi.

Ukufa nefa

UMiguel Delibes ushone ngoMashi 11, 2010. Bangaphezu kuka-18.000 XNUMX abantu abebehambele isonto lakhe elishayo. Washiya umsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu futhi ocebile. Yebo, ngaphandle kwamanoveli akhe angama-20 ashicilelwe, uqede ukwethulwa kwezincwadi eziyisishiyagalolunye zezindaba ezimfushane, izincwadi zokuhamba eziyisithupha, izincwadi zokuzingela eziyi-10, ama-eseyi angama-20 nezindatshana zamaphephandaba ezingenakubalwa.

Ukuhlaziywa Amahora amahlanu noMario

Ungathenga incwadi lapha: Amahora amahlanu noMario

Ingemuva

Ngo-Ephreli 1, 1939, impi eyayisabeka kakhulu emlandweni wakamuva eSpain yaphela. Ukunqoba kukaFranco kwasho ukukhuphuka kwamaFalangist emandleni ngaphansi komthetho ongenakuphikiswa we- "el caudillo". Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinguquko zomthethosisekelo zika-1942 kanye no-1947 zaqeda "ukwenziwa ngokusemthethweni" kombuso, ngokuhambisana okudingekayo kweSonto LamaKatolika.

Umqondo

Usizi lwaludlangile, lalingekho ilungelo lokugxekwa noma lokudumazeka okuqondile. Ngokulandelana, ukulandisa okuzibophezele emphakathini kwaba elinye lamawindi ambalwa akwazi ukuchaza ukuhlupheka kwengxenye enkulu yabantu. Ngale ndlela, izehlakalo eziphawuleka kakhulu yilezi ezilandelayo:

• Amaholo wabasebenzi abaningi akuvumanga ukuthi basinde.
• Yize kudalwe amabhizinisi amancane amaningi, lawa atholakele emakethe emnyama (ngoba ayengenayo enye indlela).
• I-Patriotism yathethelela konke. Kusukela ekukhishweni kukawoyela (emikhakheni emincane) kuye ekucwaningweni okungenangqondo kakhulu uma kwenzeka kubuzwa "izinhloso ezinhle" zombuso maqondana nababusi bawo.

Isiqubulo

Ngaphakathi kohlobo lwezincwadi ezibandakanyekile, Amahora amahlanu noMario kungokwenoveli ye-neorealist ekhona (isikhathi esiphakathi kuka-1939 - 1962). Kulomdlalo, Ukukhohlisa isebenzisa isisho esisodwa somlingiswa waso oyinhloko — ovuke umyeni wakhe— ukudalula ama-nuances womuntu okhungathekile, o-egocentric kakhulu futhi, ikakhulukazi, onobuhle obuningi.

Umehluko phakathi kwezindlela ezimbili zokuphila

Umlingiswa oyinhloko ukhipha engxoxweni yakhe yangaphakathi zonke izihlamba eziqongelelwe kumyeni wakhe ongasekho. Ngokunjalo, inika umfundi umbono oningiliziwe ngempilo yesigaba esiphakathi saseValladolid ngenkathi yangemva kwempi. Kodwa-ke, bonke ubunzima obuzwelayo obuzwakalisiwe buyathanjiswa, ngezinga elithile, yizingxenye ezimfushane ezihlekisayo noma zethenda zombhalo.

Lo mdlalo uphinde uveze umehluko phakathi kwemindeni yabaphikisi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umama kaCarmen wayenempilo ehloniphekile, elungile futhi ethembekile, njengoba nobaba wakhe wayeyintatheli yephephandaba i-ABC. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umama kaMario (umyeni oshonile) wayegcina imikhuba yokunganaki futhi ubaba wakhe wayeyindoda engenathemba, entula isimilo ngisho nokufa.

I-Egotism

Ngaphansi kwazo zonke izihlamba zikaCarmen, kunesizathu sezinto ezibonakalayo. Yebo, isimangalo sakhe esikhulu ukuthi umyeni wakhe akatholanga imali eyanele empilweni ukumthengela izinto eziningi futhi uthole izinsizakalo eziningi. Uphinde akhombise uhlangothi lwakhe olungelutho ngokuziqhayisa ngokubukwa akuthola kwabanye abafana esemncane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMenchu ​​- isiteketiso se-protagonist - akazange aqonde indlela kaMario enomusa nenenhlonipho ngayo nabantu abavela ezigabeni ezazincishwe amathuba kakhulu. Ekugcineni, umlingisi ophambili uyavuma ukuthi wayethandana nomngani wobuntwana ukuthi (uyafunga) akazange akhule. Umdlalo uvala ngesicelo sikaCarmen sokuxolelwa umyeni wakhe.