Amagama kaJulia

"Amagama kaJulia" inkondlo ethandwa kakhulu ebhalwe ngumlobi waseSpain uJosé Agustín Goytisolo (1928-1999). Le nkondlo yashicilelwa ngo-1979 njengengxenye yencwadi enegama elifanayo Amagama kaJulia. Lo mbhalo ubhekiswe endodakazini yakhe njengesihlava senjabulo ebusweni balokho, imbongi ngokwayo ebikwaziyo ukuthi ibimlindile ohambweni lwempilo uqobo lwayo, noma engasekho eduze nakule ndiza.

Le nkondlo yathatha ukuduma okukhulu ngesikhathi esifushane. Lokho kwaba nomphumela wayo wokuthi Yaguqulwa yaba yingoma yabalobi besimo sikaMercedes Sosa, uKiko Veneno noRosa León. Okunye okuvelele kubaculi yiqembu iLos Suaves, iSoleá Morente neRosalía, ukubala abambalwa. Umbhalo, namhlanje, ugcina lowo mthunzi wethemba lapho ubhekene nobunzima kunoma ngubani oza ukuwufunda.

Umlando womlando wombhali

Ukuzalwa nomndeni

UJosé Agustín Goytisolo Gay wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 13, 1928 edolobheni laseSpain iBarcelona. Wayengowokuqala ezinganeni ezintathu zikaJosé María Goytisolo noJulia Gay. Abafowabo ababili abancane, UJuan Goytisolo (1931-2017) noLuis Goytisolo (1935-), nabo kamuva bazinikela ekubhaleni. Bonke bazuze udumo emphakathini wezincwadi waseSpain.

Uma kukhulunywa ngomnotho, umndeni wawuphila kahle. Kungashiwo ukuthi babengabanumzane baseSpain bangaleso sikhathi. Ubuntwana bakhe buchithwa phakathi kwezincwadi nemvelo evumela ukukhula kwakhe kwengqondo.

Eminyakeni eyindlala yeminyaka eyi-10, umbhali wakusasa walahlekelwa ngumama wakhe, ngenxa yokuhlaselwa komoya okwayalwa nguFranco eBarcelona. Lowo mcimbi waphawula ngokuphelele impilo yomndeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaba imbangela eyaholela umbhali ukuba abhapathize indodakazi yakhe negama Julia. Vele, ubulukhuni bomcimbi babuye babangela ukwenziwa okulandelayo kwenkondlo ethi "Palabras para Julia".

Izifundo

Kuyaziwa ukuthi uGoytisolo wafunda e-University of Barcelona. Lapho, wafundela ezomthetho, okwakufanele zifinyelele eMadrid. Edolobheni lakamuva, wayehlala endaweni yokuhlala iMeya yaseColegio uNuestra Señora de Guadalupe. Ngenkathi ekulezi zikhungo, wahlangana nezimbongi zesimo sikaJosé Manuel Caballero Bonald noJosé Ángel Valente, ahlanganyela nabo futhi wahlanganisa ngokubambisana uphawu olube namandla nolunethonya kuGeneración del 50.

IGoytisolo kanye neGeneration of 50

Ngaphandle kukaBonald noValente, UGoytisolo uthinte amahlombe ngobuntu bezinkondlo njengoJaime Gil de Biedma, uCarlos Barral no-Alfonso Costafreda. Ngabo, nabanye abaningi umlando obaqaphelile, imbongi yathatha indima yomsebenzi wayo njengesisekelo sokukhuthaza izinguquko ezidingekayo zokuziphatha nezepolitiki ezazidingwa umphakathi waseSpain.

Lesi sizukulwane se-mettle sasingagcini nje ekubeni yisibonelo sobuhlakani baseSpain. Cha, kepha bazinikele ekubhekaneni nezinkinga ezibucayi, eminyakeni edlule, nangesikhathi esifanayo lapho beshicilele khona, kungasho izindleko zezimpilo zabo.

Ukuqala kwezincwadi zakhe kanye nomaki wakhe ezincwadini

Kwakuneminyaka engama-26 lapho uJosé Agustín Goytisolo aqala khona ukungena emkhakheni wezincwadi ezweni lakhe. Yize wayesevele eseshicilele izinkondlo eziningi ngazinye futhi enza ukwazi kwakhe ukwaziwa kwezinhlamvu, kwaba ngo-1954 lapho athinta khona indawo yokubhala yaseSpain Buya. Ukushicilelwa kwamzuzela uMklomelo Wesibili we-Adonáis.

Kusukela lapho kuqhubeke kwalandela cishe imisebenzi engamashumi amabili Amagama kaJulia (1979) enye yezinethonya elikhulu emasikweni adumile aseSpain nasemhlabeni. Futhi kuqokonyisiwe Ubusuku buhle (1992), umsebenzi owavumela umbhali ukuthi awine iCritics Award (1992).

Ukufa

Ngemuva kwempilo eyadlula phakathi kwenjabulo nenjabulo, impumelelo enkulu nefa elikhulu, ukufa kwembongi kweza kabuhlungu. Kunemicabango eminingi egxile ekusukeni kokuqala kombhali. Kwakungukuzibulala. Wayeneminyaka engu-70 kuphela futhi kwenzeka ngemuva kokuziphonsa ngewindi ekhaya lakhe eBarcelona. Isidumbu sitholakale kuMaría Cubí Street. Kukhona labo abakhuluma ngesithombe esidangele, futhi basekele isikhundla sabo emshweni owakhishwa ngumbhali ofanayo ngosuku lwakhe lokuzalwa lokugcina:

"Ukube bekufanele ngiphinde ngikhumbule konke engihlangabezane nakho, ngincamela ukungaphinde ngikuthole."

Iqiniso ngukuthi ipeni lakhe lalisenenhlanhla enkulu, njengoba kuqinisekiswa ngumsebenzi wakhe wakamuva, Impisi enhle encane (1999). Lokhu kwashicilelwa eminyakeni emithathu ngemuva kokuhamba kwakhe. Ukushona kwakhe kushiya imbobo ezincwadini zaseSpain, kepha imisebenzi yakhe nefa lakhe kumvumela ukuthi avuselelwe kaningi njengoba unembeza umvumela.

Imisebenzi ephelele kaJosé Agustín Goytisolo

Umsebenzi wokubhala walo mbhali waseSpain wawungemncane. Lapha ungabona imisebenzi yakhe ephelele nezincwadi zakhe esezishonile:

• Buya (1954).
• Amahubo emoyeni (1956).
• Ubumbano (1959).
• Iminyaka enqumayo (1961).
• Kukhona okwenzekayo (1968).
• Ukubekezelelana okuphansi (1973).
• Indawo Yokusebenzela Yezokwakha (1976).
• Yesikhathi nokukhohlwa (1977).
• Amagama kaJulia (1979).
• Izinyathelo zomzingeli (1980).
• Kwesinye isikhathi uthando olukhulu (1981).
• Mayelana nezimo (1983).
• Ukuphela kokuvalelisa (1984).
• Ubusuku buhle (1992).
• Ingelosi eluhlaza kanye nezinye zathola izinkondlo (1993).
• Amagugu kuJulia (1993).
• Njengezitimela zasebusuku (1994).
• Izincwadi zokubhala ezivela ku-El Escorial (1995).
• Impisi enhle encane (1999, eshicilelwe ngo-2002).

I-Anthologies

• Izimbongi zeContemporary Catalan (1968).
• Izinkondlo zaseCuba zeRevolution (1970).
• UJosé Lezama Lima Anthology.
• UJorge Luis Borges Anthology.
• Izinkondlo ukuziqhenya kwami, i-anthology yenkondlo. Uhlelo lweCarme Riera (indlu yokushicilela yaseLumen, 2003).

Ukuhumusha

Babonakala ngokwenza izinguqulo zisuka esiNtaliyane naseCatalan. Uhumushe imisebenzi ye:

• Lelama Lima.
• Gcoba.
• I-Quasimodo.
• Pasolini.
• USalvador Espriu.
• UJoan Vinyoli.

Imiklomelo itholakele kanye nokuhlonishwa

• Okomsebenzi wakhe Buya uthole uMklomelo Wesibili u-Adonáis (1954).
• Umklomelo weBoscán (1956).
• Umklomelo we-Ausias March (1959).
• Ubusuku buhle kwamenza wawufanelekela umklomelo wabagxeki (1992).

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-UAB (Autonomous University of Barcelona) ibiphethe ukusingathwa kwawo wonke umsebenzi kanye nemibhalo yale mbongi nempilo yakhe. Lokhu kusuka ngo-2002. Okuqukethwe kuphelele kakhulu, futhi kungatholakala kwi-Library of Humanitats.

Amagama kaJulia

Ezomculo

Este inkondlo yaphenduka ingoma futhi kwenziwa ngabaculi namaqembu alandelayo:

• UPaco Ibáñez.
• UMercedes Sosa.
• UTania Libertad.
• I-Nickel.
• USoleá Morente.
• URosalia.
• URolando Sartorio.
• ULiliana Herrero.
• URosa Leon.
• U-Ivan Ferreiro.
• Ubuthi beKiko.
• U-Ismael Serrano.
• AmaSuaves.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi, ngaphezu kokucula i- "Words for Julia", uPaco Ibáñez wenza umsebenzi wokwazisa ingxenye yomsebenzi kaGoytisolo. Lo mculi ukwenze kwi-albhamu yakhe UPaco Ibáñez uculela uJosé Agustín Goytisolo (2004).

Inkondlo

"Awukwazi ukubuyela emuva

ngoba impilo isivele ikududula

njengokubhonga okungapheli.

Ndodakazi yami kungcono uphile

ngokuthokoza kwabantu

kunokukhala phambi kodonga olungaboni.

Uzozizwa ukhonona ekhoneni

uzozizwa ulahlekile noma uwedwa

mhlawumbe awufuni ukuzalwa.

Ngikwazi kahle kahle ukuthi bazokutshela ini

leyo mpilo ayinanjongo

okuyinto engenamsebenzi.

Ngakho-ke khumbula njalo

lokuthi ngolunye usuku ngabhala ini

ngicabanga ngawe njengoba ngicabanga manje.

Impilo imnandi, uzobona

njengoba ngaphandle kokuzisola

uzoba nabangane, uzoba nothando.

Indoda yodwa, owesifazane

kuthathwe kanjena, ngamunye ngamunye

Zifana nothuli, azilutho.

Kepha uma ngikhuluma nawe

lapho ngikubhalela la mazwi

Ngicabanga nabanye abantu.

Isiphetho sakho sikwezinye

ikusasa lakho liyimpilo yakho

isithunzi sakho ngesomuntu wonke.

Abanye bathemba ukuthi uyamelana

sengathi injabulo yenu ingabasiza

iculo lakho phakathi kwezingoma zakhe.

Ngakho-ke khumbula njalo

lokuthi ngolunye usuku ngabhala ini

ngicabanga ngawe njengoba ngicabanga manje.

Ungalokothi uphele amandla noma ufulathele

ngendlela, ungalokothi usho

Angisakwazi ukuyithatha futhi ngihlala lapha.

Impilo imnandi, uzobona

njengoba ngaphandle kokuzisola

uzoba nothando, uzoba nabangane.

Ngaphandle kwalokho akukho ukukhetha

nalomhlaba njengoba unjalo

kuyakuba yifa lakho lonke.

Ungixolele, angazi ukuthi ngikutshele kanjani

akukho okunye, kodwa uyaqonda

ukuthi ngisendleleni.

Futhi njalo khumbula njalo

lokuthi ngolunye usuku ngabhala ini

ngikucabanga ngendlela engicabanga ngayo manje ”.

I-Análisis

Yobunzima bempilo

Kuzo zonke izigaba zawo eziyi-16 zamavesi amathathu amahhala, umbhali ukhuluma nendodakazi yakhe ukuyeluleka ngendlela ezomlindela kulokhu kuqhubeka kokungaqiniseki esikubiza ngokuthi impilo. Zisuka nje, uyamxwayisa ukuthi akusekho ukubuya, ukushiya kucace futhi kugcizelele evesini lokuqala:

"Awukwazi ukubuyela emuva

ngoba impilo isivele ikududula

njengokubhonga okungapheli ”.

Lokhu kupheleliswa yisigatshana sesigaba sesithathu esithi "mhlawumbe awufuni ukuzalwa." Ngaleli vesi ubhekisa ngqo evesini likaJobe 3: 3 "Usuku engazalwa ngalo luyashabalala, Nobusuku okwathiwa ngabo, Umuntu ukhulelwe."

Isicelo sokuzola

Kodwa-ke, esigabeni sesibili, uthi:

"Ndodakazi yami, kungcono uphile

ngokuthokoza kwabantu

kunokukhala phambi kodonga olungaboni ”.

Lolu wubizo lokwehlisa umoya futhi uthathe ukuma kokujabula, kunokuzivumela ukuthi uthathwe ukuzisola nosizi. Iyakugcizelela imbongi ukuthi amazwi eshwa azofinyelela kuye, ngoba lokho kuyimpilo, kodwa iyamnxusa ukuthi abone ngasohlangothini oluhle njalo.

Ulimi olusondele, lwansuku zonke nokuqashelwa kwesintu

Kuyo yonke le nkondlo, uGoytisolo ukhuluma ngezwi lesipiliyoni sakhe, ngolimi lwansuku zonke futhi akukho okungaqondakali. Lesi sici siyingxenye yokudlulela kombhalo.

Okuthile okungumuntu futhi okuncomekayo ukuthi uyavuma ukuthi akazi konke, ngoba kusamele engeze amava. Futhi njengoba imbongi ingeke icubungule ezinye izimfihlakalo kanye nobungqabavu okusamele iphile, imane ithi:

"Ungixolele, angazi ngikutshele kanjani

akukho okunye, kodwa uyaqonda

ukuthi ngisendleleni ”.

Isikhumbuzi esidingekayo

Mhlawumbe into ephawuleka kakhulu ezigabeni eziyi-16 zale nkondlo yizikhathi ezintathu lapho uGoytisolo emema indodakazi yakhe ukuthi ikhumbule lawo maculo:

"... khumbula

lokuthi ngolunye usuku ngabhala ini

ngikucabanga ngendlela engicabanga ngayo manje ”.

Lokhu kufana nemantra yokubuyela emuva uma okuthile kungalawuleki, ifomula yokwenza ubukhona uqobo bukwazi ukubekezelela.