IsiLatin: ubaba wezothando

IsiLatini ulimi lwegatsha le-Italic elalikhulunywa eRoma lasendulo. Namuhla lolu limi luthathwa njengolufile, okungukuthi, akusilo ulimi lwebele lanoma yisiphi isakhamuzi emhlabeni. Kungashiwo ukuthi lolu limi lwafa lapho luyeka ukuvela, cishe ngekhulu lokuqala; kamuva, ngokubonakala kokuhlukahluka kwayo, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwasekuqaleni kwehla kakhulu, kwaze kwaba yilapho ingasasetshenziswa phakathi kwezakhamizi ezivamile.

Kamuva, ngeNkathi Ephakathi, i-Modern Age kanye ne-Contemporary Age, isiLatini saqhubeka sisetshenziswa, kepha njengolimi lwesayensi, futhi lokhu kuyaqhubeka nanamuhla. Kusuka kulolu limi inani elikhulu lezilimi zaseYurophu ezaziwa njengezilimi zaseRomance zenziwa: IsiPutukezi, iSpanish, isiFulentshi, isiNtaliyane, isiRomania, isiGalician, isiCatalan, i-Asturleonés, i-Aragonese, i-Walloon, i-Occitan, i-Romanesque ne-Dalmatia. ISonto LamaKatolika liyisebenzisa njengolimi lwenkolo, ngaphezu kwezilimi zomdabu.

Umlando omncane

Ukuvela kokuqala kosuku lwesiLatini kuya onyakeni ka-1000 a. C., esifundeni esiphakathi ne-Italy esibizwa ngeLazio, Lazio Ngesi-latin. Ngakho-ke igama lalolu limi kanye nezakhamizi zendawo, isiLatin. Yize ubufakazi bokuqala obubhaliwe buvela ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX BC. C.

IsiLatin ekuqaleni sasibhekwa njengolimi lwabantu abampofuNgakho-ke, ukunwetshwa kwendawo yayo kunqunyelwe kakhulu. Kwakungakhulunywa kangako kwezinye izingxenye ze-Italy, ngaphandle kweRoma.

Lapho isidlulile isikhathi sayo esinzima kunazo zonke, ukubusa kwabantu base-Etruria nokuhlasela kwamaGaul, iRoma yakwazi ukuqala ukunweba umbuso wayo kulo lonke elase-Italy, futhi ngalokhu kwasabalala ulimi lwayo. Ekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX BC. IRoma yayingumbuso, futhi yize abantu base-Etruria bashiya uphawu lwabo olimini nasemasikweni aseRoma, kwakungamaGreki anikeza isiLatin isichazamazwi esibanzi.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi IsiLatin Latin saba ulimi oluhlangene, njengoba yabekwa esiLatin seLazio, okwaholela ekuthini kube nokuhlukahluka okumbalwa kolimi. Amathonya amaLazio Latin ashiye uphawu lwawo esiLatin. Amadoda amaningi amakhulu amsebenzisa emisebenzini yabo, UMarco Tulio Cicero wayengomunye wabo.

Njengoba iRoma yayinqoba izifundazwe, kusukela eGaul kuya eDacia, namuhla iRomania, IsiLatini sandisiwe, sathuthuka kokubili njengolimi lwemibhalo futhi njenge lingua franca. Kuleli qophelo kuyaqondakala-ke ukuthi isiRomania siwulimi lwesiRomance olusuka ngqo esiLatini.

Izincwadi zesiLatini

AmaRoma asebenzisa, ikakhulukazi, isitayela semibhalo yesiGreki ukubhala imisebenzi yabo. Bashiye ifa elikhulu, bekhiqiza inqwaba yezincwadi phakathi komlando, amahlaya, ukubhuqa, izinkondlo, usizi nokukhuluma. Ngisho nangemva kokuwa koMbuso WaseRoma, ulimi lwesiLatini lwalusabaluleke kakhulu.

Izincwadi zesiLatin zingahlukaniswa zibe yizikhathi ezimbili ezinkulu: izincwadi zokuqala nezincwadi zakudala. Kusele imisebenzi embalwa kuphela kusukela esikhathini sokuqala. Ngalesi sikhathi, ababhali uPauto noTerence yibo abadume kakhulu ngokwenziwa kwemibhalo, hhayi isikhathi sabo kuphela, kodwa sonke isikhathi.

Futhi alikho inani elikhulu lemiqulu esele yezincwadi zakudala, kepha eminye imisebenzi iphinde yatholakala emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva. Lesi sigaba sesibili yiso esithathwa njengengqungquthela yezincwadi zesiLatin kanti sehlukaniswe kabili: iGolden Age neSilver Age. Konke okwabhalwa ngemuva maphakathi nekhulu lesibili kuvame ukunganakwa nokuhlanjalazwa.

Ifa lesiLatini

Njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka futhi isiLatin siphelelwa amandla, saze saba ulimi olungasasebenzi, akaze ayeke ukusebenzisa. Namuhla ayisetshenziswanga nje kuphela njengolimi lwenkolo yeSonto lamaKhatholika, isetshenziswa futhi njengolimi lwesayensi ukuqamba izilwane nezitshalo, phakathi kwezinye izinto eziningi.

Ezincwadini zezokwelapha kuvame kakhulu ukubona imishwana ngesiLatini, ngisho nezinye izincwadi eziphelele zisenzelwa le ndawo, ngalolu limi.

Kepha, ngaphezu kokusebenzela ukuqamba izibalo noma izikhungo emhlabeni zoMthetho kanye nomsebenzi wezomthetho, Izincwadi zesiLatin zashiya uphawu olukhulu. Ngokuya kwe-Renaissance, isitayela esihle kakhulu saqashelwa kubalobi bezincwadi zesiLatini, ezalandelwa ngonembeza.

Kusobala ukuthi ubuqiniso bemilingo obondle kakhulu ezincwadini zaseSpanishi buzuzwe njengefa emibhalweni yesiLatin. Esokuqala besingeke sibe khona uma owesibili, omunye kungumama womunye.

Izindlela zokufunda isiLatini

Yize isiLatini sithathwa njengolimi olufile, lokhu akusho ukuthi awunayo indlela yokufunda. Into yokuqala okufanele uyifunde noma yiluphi ulimi yisichazamazwi sayo. Nge-inthanethi ungathenga isichazamazwi esihle ukukusiza ngomsebenzi.

Lapho ubheka uhlu lwezichazamazwi zesiLatin ezinconyiwe, lezi yizo ezinamaphuzu amahle kakhulu:

• IsiLatin Dictionary sama-SM Editions
• I-Digital Latin Dictionary Kindle
• Isichazamazwi ngezimpande zesiLatini.

Izichazamazwi zokufunda isiLatini zivame ukuba nokuzivocavoca encwadini efanayo noma zingaletha imisindo ukuze ikwazi ukuzwa ukubizwa okulungile. Ngokuqondene naleli elinye iphuzu lomsindo, i-intanethi inikeza inani elikhulu lezifundo nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokufunda ulimi. Futhi, namuhla, kunenani elikhulu le- imilabhulali ngezinto ezinhle ngale ndaba.

Ngokuhlanganisa isichazamazwi nohlelo noma inkambo eku-inthanethi, ukuphathwa kwesiLatin kuzoba lula kakhulu futhi kusheshe. Ukuhlanganisa izindlela kungenye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokufunda ulimi noma ulimi, isiLatini asikhethi.