James Nava | Izithombe zihlonishwa ngumbhali.
UJames nava Ungowokudabuka eSpain kodwa usechithe iminyaka eminingi e- United States, ehlanganiswe ngokugcwele namasiko nendlela yabo yokuphila. I-niche yenziwe ezincwadini ngokuhlakulela uhlobo olungavamile kodwa oluhlala lukhanga: i inganekwane yomlando setha phakathi entshonalanga yaseMelika. Ishicilela ngohlelo lwayo, Izincwadi zeSniper. Kulokhu ingxoxo ebanzi Usitshela ngemisebenzi yakhe nokunye okuningi. Ngiyabonga kakhulu ngesikhathi sakho nomusa.
UJames Nava—Ingxoxo
- ACTUALIDAD LITERATURA: Amanoveli akho asethwe e-American West. Kungani ukhethe leyo nkathi futhi yini ongayigqamisa kakhulu ngayo?
UJAMES NAVA: Ngiyawuthanda umlando wase-United States futhi isiteji esihlanganisa ukunqotshwa kweNtshonalanga singesinye sezinto ezijabulisa kakhulu futhi ezikhuthazayo. Izinhlobo zemibhalo ehluke kakhulu zingathuthukiswa ngaphandle kokushiya isikhathi: uhambo, umlando, isenzo, ezothando, njll. Amanoveli ami akamuva asethwe e-American West yile iphupho lasentshonalanga, hlonipha abagibeli y isibindi abathanda izwe, ziyingxenye ye saga Engifuna ukudlula ngakho emashumini eminyaka amakhulu lapho i-United States yasungulwa ezicini eziningi zezenhlalo, zamasiko, zezepolitiki nezomnotho.
Ngigqamisa i uhlaka olunamandla, the izikhombo zomlando ezithakazelisayo, i abalingiswa abathandekayo, ukusondela kwe imvelo, nokuthi zingabakhuthaza kangakanani abafundi banamuhla.
umlando waseMelika
Ngayinye yalezi noveli igxile kuyo imicimbi efakiwe, njengamakharavani wezifiki eziya e-Oregon, e Impi yezikhali, isigxivizo se Lincoln, ukunwetshwa kwe ukufuya izinkomo, izingxabano ngezindawo noma izimpi zamaNdiya. Futhi ukuba khona njalo kwezimpisi kanye nemvelo engenakunqotshwa, kanye nokubonakala kwe amaqhawe ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Konke lokhu ngokumelene nesizinda se izindaba zomuntu siqu lokho kusisondeza ebuntwini babalingisi, ingqondo yabo, ubudlelwano babo kanye nendima abayidlalayo endabeni.
Ngamafuphi, abafundi bazothola ezamehlela, umlando, kanye nengqophamlando yokunqotshwa kwe-Wild West.
- U-AL: Uyakhumbula noma yikuphi ukufunda kwakho kokuqala? Futhi indaba yokuqala oyibhalile?
JN: Yebo, abanye babo babenjalo Isiqhingi samagugunguRobert Louis Stevenson Amagundane y Umgwaqo, nguMiguel Delibes; UMohican wokugcina, of UJames fenimore cooper; inkosi yamabhere, nguJames O. Curwood; Uhambo lokuya emhlabeni ezinsukwini ezingama-80, kaJules Verne; Ivanhoe, nguWalter Scott; Iqembu labahlanu y iklabhu yabayisikhombisangu-Enid Blyton; Ukuzidela kukaTom Sawyer, nguMark Twain. Nokunye okuningi. Njengoba ngangi (am) ngingumfundi okhuthele.
Eyokuqala engayibhala yayimayelana ne-a indaba ye-costumbrista isethwe edolobheni kanye nemvelo eyayimzungezile.
- AL: Umbhali oyinhloko? Ungakhetha ngaphezu kweyodwa nakuzo zonke izinkathi.
JN: Ngicabanga ukuthi iningi labo lingakwazi ukufunda futhi likujabulele ukufunda. Ngokunengqondo kukhona engincamelayo ngenxa yesizathu esisodwa noma esinye. Phakathi kwabo kwakuyoba noMarku I-Twain, uRalph Waldo Emerson, UCharles UDickens, Louis L'Amour, Jack Schaefer, Dorothy M. Johnson, Willa Cather, Miguel Ukukhohlisa, UNorman UMailer, Oakley Hall, John Steinbeck, Jack London, Tom Wolfe, Robert Ludlum...
Uhlu lungaba lude kakhulu ngoba ngijabulela izinhlobo ezahlukene zemibhalo futhi, ngokungafani nabanye abafundi, anginalo ubandlululo uma kuziwa ekufundeni. Kuphela Ngiyazisa izinga nethalente.
- AL: Yimuphi umlingiswa osencwadini obungathanda ukuhlangana naye futhi umakhe?
JN: Ziningi, ngokwesibonelo, shane, kusuka kunoveli kaShane UJack Schaefer, eyenziwa yaba ifilimu futhi eSpain yaziwa ngokuthi amaRaíces profundas. Abanye abalingisi abahle ongabakhetha kungaba uJack Ryan kaTom Clancy, uJason Bourne kaRobert Ludlum, Lt. Dunbar kusukela kuMidanso enezimpisi, nguMichael Blake, noma UTom Sawyer by UMark Twain.
izinhlobo nokufunda
- AL: Yimiphi imikhuba noma imikhuba ekhethekile uma kukhulunywa ngokubhala noma ukufunda?
JN: angizange izinto zokuzilibazisa ngalesi sihloko. Ngidinga nje indawo ezolile, esikiselayo, isikhathi nokugxilisa ingqondo ukuze ngibhale noma ngifunde.
- AL: Futhi indawo yakho oyithandayo nesikhathi sokwenza?
JN: Ngiyathanda ukubhala i-temprano Kimi Ngokwami ihhovisi ekhaya, kodwa noma iyiphi indawo noma isikhathi sosuku noma sasebusuku sikufanele ngempela. Ngingabhala endaweni evulekile, phambi kweziko elivuthayo noma epaki. Angilidingi futhi ikhofi, ugwayi (angibhemi), ukuphuza utshwala (nami angiphuzi), noma ngithathe noma yiziphi lezo zimo zengqondo ze-bohemian, anarchic, noma ezonakele ezihlobene nababhali. Am okhuzayo futhi ngiyazijabulela lezo zikhathi zokubhala noma ukufunda ngazo zonke izinzwa zami zenziwe zasebenza.
- AL: Ingabe zikhona ezinye izinhlobo ozithandayo?
JN: Yebo, kunjalo. Ngithanda cishe konke izinhlobo zemibhalo: ezomlando, ezivusa amadlingozi zangaleso sikhathi, izinganekwane zezombusazwe, imfihlakalo, inoveli emnyama, inganekwane yesayensi, inoveli yothando, i-adventure, inganekwane, umlando wokuphila kwabantu, ama-eseyi, njll. Ngicabanga ukuthi wonke umuntu unedlanzana lemisebenzi yobuciko okufanele ifundwe, ngisho noma ingeyona izintandokazi zakho. abaningi banayo okuthile okuhle yini onganikela ngayo
- AL: Ufundani manje? Futhi ukubhala?
JN: Manje ngiyafunda Indawo yasendle, of URobert Olmstead. Yakha kabusha isikhathi sokuhlatshwa okukhulu kwenyathi yaseMelika. Ulandisa u-epopeia of the caravans eNtshonalanga kuhlaka lwendaba yothando, umzabalazo nokuzidela. Inoveli enhle.
Ngikhona njengamanje ukuhlanganisa umkhankaso we ukukhushulwa kwenoveli yami yakamuva kushicilelwe, isibindi sokushisekela izwe, (ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi indlela, kodwa ngomoya omningi wokulwa, ukukhohlisa kanye nabalingani abangcono kakhulu umuntu angabafisa), con ukubhalwa kwe inoveli yami entsha, ukuqhubeka yalesi saga enginikela ngaso entshonalanga yomlando. Kuyo ngidlulela phambili emlandweni wamaStockton kanye nabanye abalingiswa bomlando nabaqanjiwe.
James Nava kanye nesigcawu sokushicilela
- AL: Ucabanga ukuthi inkundla yokushicilela injani nje jikelele?
JN: Ngokusobala kukhona a ukuthumela ngokweqile ukuthi imakethe ayikwazi ukukucabanga, lapho iba i-shredder yezincwadi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zinhle noma zimbi. Ukuthi kunokuhlukahluka okuningi kuhle, kodwa i-ecosystem yamanje yokushicilela ayisebenzi njengoba imisiwe futhi ilawulwa. Kukhona ukwehluleka okuningi okuvimbela ukunikezwa okunempilo kanye nesidingo.
I-Las abashicileli abakhulu abasabheki okwangempela, beka ababhali namanoveli asebenziseka kakhulu futhi amaphakathi (angasho amanye amagama amabi). Ingxenye encane kuphela ekufanele ifundwe. Ngisho nokunikezwa kwamanoveli agxile ekuzijabuliseni okumsulwa kuya ngokwanda ikhwalithi embi kakhulu, ngezimpikiswano ezibuthakathaka, futhi egxile kubabhali abazaneliseka abaya ezinkanyezini ngaphandle kokuyifanelekela isikhathi esiningi.
Kunalokho, sifakaza ukushicilelwa kwe amanoveli amahle ngempela kubashicileli abancane noma ngaphandle kokuningi marketing mayelana nokuthi imakethe ayikwazi, ayivumi noma ibandlulula ngokuqondile. Kodwa okuyizona ezinekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nentshisekelo futhi ezivula ama-horizons amasha emibhalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhakha wokushicilela ubhekene nokunye izinselelo okubalulekile: okukhuthazwa futhi kuthengiswe amaqembu amakhulu okushicilela nokuthi abafundi bafunde sengathi bazosebenzisa futhi balahle akuyona into engcono kakhulu, empeleni, ayivamile. Bakhona izinhlobo eziphoqayo, ukuthambekela kwemibhalo kanye nezimpikiswano kwezinye izimo ezingenangqondo, ngokuhambisana nokunemba kwezepolitiki, kodwa lokho akunikeleli noma akudlulisi ubuqiniso noma amanani anoma yiluphi uhlobo.
Imidiya
Ngokunjalo, kwabezindaba sabona a ukucwaninga nokucwasa kubantu abaningi abaphethe emkhakheni wezamasiko, ukuphathwa kabi okusobala kwababhali nabamemezeli abancane abangekho esifundweni. ukusungulwa okubhaliwe.
Zonke ukukhushulwa kanye nezikhala best emithonjeni yezindaba, omagazini, imisakazo noma iziteshi zikamabonakude eze ababhali nabashicileli balokho ukusungulwa Banezinsiza eziningi zabantu nezezezimali. ukuthonya labo abanomthwalo wemfanelo kanye nezindlela zabo. Yingakho abantu bengabazi abanye ababhali ababalulekile. Ngikusho konke lokhu uvikele umsebenzi wababhali nabashicileli abaningi ababenganakiwe nabathulisiwe.
Mina ngokwami nginenhlanhla ngoba ngishicilela ne okwami ukuhlela ngifuna nini futhi kanjani, ngochwepheshe abangajwayelekile ababambe iqhaza esigabeni ngasinye senqubo enginika yona Ukuzimela ukwenza nokukhuluma ngokukhululeka. Ngenhlanhla, kusekhona abathandi bezincwadi abakhulu kwabezindaba abasekela ubuningi bamasiko futhi bavule iminyango kuzo zonke izinhlobo zababhali abanemisebenzi emihle yemibhalo. Laba bantu abalungile, abangenalo ubandlululo, bagcina ilangabi lesiko liphila futhi balisondeza kubantu ngomzamo nokuzibandakanya.
Ngihlala naye ukuzibophezela, ukuphana nothando wezincwadi namasiko ngokumelene nalabo abanye ondlovukayiphikiswa abagcwele amasiko, abezindaba kanye nezintatheli emhlabeni.
- AL: Ubhekana kanjani nesimo samanje esiphila kuso ngokombono wamasiko? Ingabe ukuthola kukhuthaza ezindabeni zesikhathi esizayo?
JN: Ngiphila kahle ngoba nginjalo ngicwile emhlabeni wami wezincwadi, ngaphandle kwengcindezi yokuhlela, evela kubaphathi noma abaphathi abacabanga kuphela ukuthi ingakanani imali yokuthola noma ukuphila ngombukiso wezenhlalo, kanye nezimfashini ezingenangqondo ezigcwele izenzo zamasiko, iningi lazo engingabambi iqhaza futhi engingazithandi.
Yebo kukhona impahla kuyakhuthaza ngokwanele kumanoveli angenzeka, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni we Thriller ezombusazweubunhloli nezenzo zezempi.
Ngamafuphi, izwe lanamuhla ngokombono wamasiko lishiya okuningi okufiselekayo. kuphela kulondolozwe ngu okuhlukile izinga elihle lapha nalaphaya.