Yeyiphi imilinganiselo yesicatshulwa

Igama elithi "amanqakwana" libhekiselele kwiingcebiso, iingcaciso okanye amanqaku abhalwa ngumbhali ngesicatshulwa esithile. Oku kwenziwa ngesiphumo sokongeza ukuchaneka komsebenzi. Igama livela kwisiLatini ikhampasi, kwaye ithetha "isilumkiso okanye ingcaciso". Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuxhaphake kakhulu kwiitekisi zethiyetha okanye ezibalisayo, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwezinye iindidi zomxholo kukwasemthethweni.

imilinganiselo zisetyenziselwa ukunceda umfundi akuqonde ngokuchane ngakumbi oko kuza kucaciswa. Kukho idatha yokusetyenziswa kwesi sixhobo ukususela kwiGrisi yamandulo. Ngelo xesha, ababhali bemidlalo babesetyenziswa ikhampasi ukunika umxholo kubadlali malunga nezenzo ekufuneka bezenzile kwimiboniso eyahlukeneyo-kokubini ekuphindaphindweni kweengxoxo zabo kunye nasekuthuleni okuyimfuneko-.

Iingcaphulo zantoni?

Ungayitsho loo nto eyona njongo iphambili yezalathiso zeqonga kukucacisa intshukumo kwisicatshulwa. Oku kwenziwa ngemiqondiso nemiyalelo echanekileyo. Umbhali uzisebenzisa ngenjongo yokufundisa okanye echaza imiba eyahlukeneyo yomsebenzi ngendlela ethe ngqo. Izichasiselo zinokufumaneka kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Ezi zezona zixhaphakileyo:

• Izalathiso zeqonga kwimidlalo;
• Amanqakwana kuncwadi okanye ezinye iitekisi;
• Imilinganiselo kumzobo wobugcisa.

Izalathiso zeqonga kwimidlalo

Izalathiso zeqonga kwimidlalo zezo zaziswa ngumlawuli okanye umgcini-skrini ukubonisa abadlali iintshukumo ezinxulumene neengxoxo kunye/okanye inkangeleko. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwahlukile kuleyo inikwe kwiitekisi zoncwadi. Njengomthetho, zifakwe kwii-parentheses. Kwezinye iimeko zinokufunyanwa kumanqaku okucaphula. Ukusetyenziswa kwezibiyeli zesikwere kukwaxhaphakile.

Kuyenzeka ukuba ufumane iindidi ezininzi zezalathiso zeqonga kwimidlalo. Ezi ntlobo ziquka:

Ezo zongezwe ngumbhali weqonga kumlawuli

Kwimeko yolu hlobo lokubopha, umbhali wemidlalo yeqonga okanye umgcini wesikrini ushiya imiyalelo ethile kumlawuli. Oku kwenziwa ukubonisa iinkcukacha ezithile malunga neziganeko ezenzeka kwiimeko ezithile. Kwakhona, oku kunokubhekisa kwimiba yomzimba yomnye okanye bonke abalinganiswa: umbala weenwele, ukwakha, ithoni yesikhumba, phakathi kwezinye izinto.

Ngaphakathi kwale milinganiselo, iziphumo ezikhethekileyo nazo zibaliwe., ukukhanya okanye umculo oza kusetyenziswa emsebenzini.

Izalathiso zeqonga zombhali wabalinganiswa

Njengoko igama layo lisitsho, zithunyelwa ngumbhali kwabo baya kuhlanganisa iindima zomsebenzi (abadlali). Ngazo, sifuna ukumisela nasiphi na isenzo—intshukumo, ukuchazwa kweengxoxo okanye amabinzana—enokunceda umsebenzi uphuhle ngokunempumelelo ngakumbi okanye ngokumangalisayo.

Umzekelo:

Imibane: Nkosi: iglove yakho (emnika iglove).

Valentine: Ayingowam. Ndizinxibe zombini. "

(Amanene amabini aseVerona, athathwe kuncwadi lwe William Shakespeare).

Ezo zongezwa ngumlawuli

Umlawuli womdlalo ukhululekile ukongeza naliphi na izalathiso zeqonga ulwazi olongezelelweyo ocinga ukuba lufanelekile. Umzekelo:

UMariya: Kufuneka uhambe, José, akukhuthazwa ukuba ube lapha (ujonge ezinyaweni zakhe, engcangcazela).

Amanqakwana kuncwadi okanye ezinye izicatshulwa

Imilinganiselo kwibalisa yileyo yongezwa ngodwi (—). Zibakho xa umbhali efuna ukucacisa izenzo, iingcinga okanye ukungenelela komnye umlinganiswa.. Zikwasetyenziselwa ukucokisa, ukucacisa, ukunxibelelana okanye ukucacisa inyani ekhoyo kwisicatshulwa. Le milinganiselo ineempawu ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo, kubandakanywa:

Ukusetyenziswa kwesikhewu (—)

Isikhewu sinokubizwa ngokuba yi-em dash, kwaye inosetyenziso oluninzi. Ngokutsho kweRoyal Spanish Academy, umgca kufuneka wongezwe ekuqaleni kunye nokuvalwa komlinganiselo kwisicatshulwa esibalisayo. Kwakhona, kufuneka yongezwe kungenelelo lomlinganiswa.

• Umzekelo wobungakanani ngaphakathi kokubhaliweyo: "Yayiyimvakalelo engaqhelekanga - njengokuba andizange ndizive ngaphambili - kodwa, akufanele uzithembe, ndandisandula ukudibana naye."
• Imizekelo yobungakanani ngongenelelo lomlinganiswa:

"Yintoni ingxaki yakho? Ndixelele, ungaxoki!" watsho uHelen.

“Ndikuxelele ukuba ungadlali nam,” watsho uLuisa enomsindo, “ngoku jonga iziphumo.

Yahlula kakuhle iqhagamshela kunye nomgca

IRAE icacisa ukuba iqhagamshela kunye nodwi akufunekanga zibhideke, njengoko ukusetyenziswa kwazo kunye nobude bahlukile. Enyanisweni, udwi umde ngokuphindwe kane kunodwi.

• Ushicilelo: (-);
• Umvumbo: (-).

Ukubaluleka kweempawu zokubhala ngokwemilinganiselo

Enye inkalo ngokuphathelele isalathiso seqonga—nto leyo ebalulekileyo kwibali—kukusetyenziswa kwamaxesha. Kule meko, xa iinkcazo zisetyenziselwa ukungenelela komlingiswa, uphawu oluhambelanayo kufuneka lubekwe emva komgca, ekupheleni komlinganiselo.

• Umzekelo ochanekileyo: UMariana wayefuna ukuhamba—wayengcangcazela—kodwa wathintelwa ngumoya ongaqhelekanga.
• Umzekelo ongalunganga: UMariana wayefuna ukuhamba—wayengcangcazela—kodwa wathintelwa ngumoya ongaqhelekanga.”

Izenzi ezinxulunyaniswa no-"thi" kwinqanaba lesicatshulwa esibalisayo

Kwimibhalo ebalisa, xa idimension kwincoko yababini inxulumene nesenzi esihambelana no "yithi", elo gama kufuneka libhalwe ngoonobumba abancinci.. Kwimeko apho igama alinxulumananga negama elithi “thetha”, kufuneka libhalwe ngoonobumba abakhulu.

• Umzekelo womlinganiselo onxulumene nesenzi uthi: "- Oku kuyamangalisa! UFernando wagquma, ediniwe.
• Umzekelo wokubopha ngaphandle kokunxulumana nesenzi uthi: "-Mhlawumbi lixesha lokufunda izifundo-Emva koko, uIrene wamjonga wahamba."

Ngexesha lokungenelela kukaFernando, kuboniswa ukuba yincoko yababini yomfana enesenzi esithi "ukubhonga", ehambelana nesenzi esithi "yithi", ke ngoko, ibhalwe ngoonobumba abancinane. Ngeli xesha, kukungenelela kuka-Irene, kuchazwa ukuba nguye othethayo, kwaye isenzo "sokuhamba" sibonakalisiwe. Ngesi sizathu igama elilandelayo libhalwe ngoonobumba abakhulu.

Imilinganiselo kumzobo wobugcisa

Imilinganiselo engaphakathi komzobo wobugcisa ibhekisa kwimilinganiselo. Zikwasetyenziselwa ukongeza umxholo malunga neempawu zento ethile, njengezixhobo, iimbekiselo, imigama, phakathi kwezinye.

Ngokungafaniyo nezalathiso zeqonga kwithiyetha okanye kuncwadi, ezi zinokubonakaliswa ngendlela yamanqaku., iisimboli, imigca okanye amanani. Konke kuxhomekeke kwizinto ofuna ukuziqaphela.

Imilinganiselo kumzobo wobugcisa yaziwa ngokuba yi "dimensions". Kukho iindidi ezimbini zemilinganiselo enokufumaneka kolu qeqesho. Ezi ntlobo zezi:

imilinganiselo yemeko

Imilinganiselo yemeko zinceda ukuba kube lula kumntu obukeleyo ukuba azi apho zikhoyo izinto ngaphakathi emfanekisweni.

imilinganiselo

Olu hlobo lokubopha Inceda umakhi-mkhanya ukuba azi ubungakanani bento enayo.