Umthi wesayensi Yiyo, ngokutsho kweyakhe IPio Baroja, eyona noveli ibalaseleyo ayibhalileyo. Ithathwa njenge-semi-autobiographical, ibonisa amava akhe achaza umlinganiswa ophambili, UAndres Hurtado. Olu luphononongo oluneenkcukacha kunye nohlalutyo malunga nalo.
Umthi wolwazi - uphononongo
Ithunyelwe kwi 1911, umxholo ophambili ngu a Ibali le-existential disorientation. ixela ubomi be UAndres Hurtado, umntu waphulukana nobomi obungenanjongo naphakathi kweenkxwaleko ezikhokelela ekuphoxekeni okungapheliyo. Yahlulwe yaba Iinxalenye ezi-7 nge Izahluko ezi-53 yolwandiso olungekho lude kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kukho imijikelo emibini okanye izigaba zobomi bukaHurtado, ezahlulwe yikhefu kwinxalenye yesine.
Iinxalenye
La eyokuqala neyesibini zinikezelwe kwi uAndres uqeqesho, intsapho yakhe kunye nezifundo. Imekobume yentsapho yakhe imenza a inkwenkwe erhoxileyo oziva elahliwe. Abazalwana bakhe kwaye, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuqina kunye nokuqhubekayo ukungavisisani noyise Baya kugqiba ingcamango yakho elandelayo yobomi.
Kwizifundo zakhe zobugqirha (ezifana neBaroja) akafumananga nto yokuthomalalisa umnqweno wakhe wolwazi. eyunivesithi kunye nesayensi ngokubanzi kwi-a uxolo, abafundi babonakalisa ukungabi namdla ekufundeni kwaye bakhohlakele, kwaye abafundisi-ntsapho abanobuchule kwaye abanamakhono. Ukongeza, ukunxibelelana kwakhe nabagulayo kwi izibhedlele, iintsizi kunye nenkohlakalo engakumbi imenza awele kwenye imeko ukuxinezeleka.
Ngaphandle kwezifundo zakhe, u-Andrés ukwabhaqa entsha izibetho ekuhlaleni: abo bangqongileyo Lulú, umzekelo, a mujer eya kuthi ke ibe nefuthe ngamandla kubomi bakhe, kwaye ixesha elide ukugula nokufa komntakwabo uLouis omncinci. Ezi zibakala ziya kumenza ukuthandabuza ngaphambi kwesayensi.
Ngaba ikwi tercera indawo apho sibona khona okukhulu ukudideka womlinganiswa oyintloko Kwi kwikota sine xoxa kunye naye umalume iturrioz apho baxubusha ngamava okuphila.
La yesihlanu neyesithandathu sibonise uAndrés ngentsha amava ezilalini nasedolophini, ukubuyela kwakhe eMadrid kunye nokuvela kwakhona kukaLulú.
El imekobume embi kubantu baseManchego (Alcolea del Campo) apho waqala ukusebenza njengogqirha wavelisa ubunzulu ukungonwabi aze agqibe kwelokuba ahambe Madrid. Kodwa nalapho uya kuzibhaqa elahlekile yaye enaloo ntlungu ifanayo. Yonke into ikwakhokelela ekubeni a ukungabi nathemba ngokupheleleyo ngokwezopolitiko kwaye azibeke yedwa ngakumbi nangakumbi.
Sele ikho Isixhenxe su umtshato nolulu kuya kukunika uxolo. Kodwa ubomi abuyi kumnika uxolo kwaye emva kokusweleka konyana wakhe kunye nenkosikazi yakhe, ukuphoxeka kokugqibela kuya kubangela ukuzibulala kwakhe.
Abalingiswa
Ukongeza kwezona ziphambili, kukho ezininzi eziziisekondari. I-Baroja inika ukubaluleka ngakumbi kwabanye abafana ne Uyise ka-Andrew, un mlawuli inkohliso ngembonakalo; UJulio Aracil, umhlobo ukusuka kwiyunivesiti engathembekanga, egxekayo kunye nomntwana odlalayo ozelwe; Luisito, umninawa omncinane, omkhulu ukuthamba; kunye nomalume Iturrioz, un ifilosofi yeethiyori ezikhethekileyo. Oku kwahlulwa kwabalinganiswa kukwaluphawu lweBarojian.
Ngokuphathelele abo bakhankanywe kuphela ekuphumeleleni, sinazo abafundisi abangenamsebenzi, abakhohlakele bafundi, i ndiyagula kunye nabasebenzi basesibhedlele, abantu baseAlcolea nabanye abaninzi.
IBaroja isebenzisa a ubuchule bokulinganiswa kwe-stepwise, oko kukuthi, abalinganiswa babo bachazwa kancinci kancinci, bayaguquka kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe bafumana ubuntu babo.
Ukuseta
Ikwayi- into esisiseko. I izigcawu njengekona ka-Andrés, into enokubonwa kwifestile yakhe, i cafes, igumbi lotyando, izibhedlele, indlu yakwaMinglanillas nabanye. I imihlaba azinazo iinkcazo ezinde, njengomzekelo, i iziketshi yedolophu Valencian, indlu okanye izitiya. Wave of I-Alcolea, indawo yakho, i eLuzi, ubushushu obutshisayo basehlotyeni, okanye umoya we fondaukusuka ikhasino kunye nezitrato njl
Umxholo wentlalo
Umthi wesayensi ibonisa kakuhle kakhulu imeko yelizwe kule minyaka idlulileyo 1898. Kwizifundo zonyango zika-Andrés, umntu unokuyiqonda intlupheko yenkcubeko ukuba kwakukho, apho i ukungakwazi ukusebenza lootitshala kwaye ugxininisa kwi ukungabinamdla yabafundi kunye ne indelelo ngokubanzi kwisayensi kunye nophando.
Kodwa uphi umbono wokwenyani woluntu lwaseSpain lwelo xesha lukwi uthelekiso phakathi kobomi belizwe kunye nesixeko. Ihlabathi lasemaphandleni laseAlcolea lilizwe elifileyo, elilawulwa kukungabikho kobumbano kunye nokungabi nabubele kwabemi balo xa bejongene nokungabikho kokusesikweni. Ukongeza, kuxelwe icaciquismo eyayikho. Kwaye isixeko yindawo apho inkxwaleko iphinda ibonakale ngokuchasene nokuthotywa kwezityebi. Ngaphambi koku, umlingiswa oyintloko uziva ebuhlungu kakhulu ikholera ekubonakala ngathi akukho sisombululo kwaye ingqiyame ngakwi-a i-anarchism enkulu.
Ukuphelelwa lithemba
Ingqikelelo engundoqo yale noveli, njengoko iBaroja iphinde yaphonononga, yayimalunga ne umsebenzi wefilosofi iziko labo likungquzulwano olukhoyo. Isishwankathelo, ubomi bomntu buhlala bungenangcaciso okanye intsingiselo, kwaye njengoko elinye ibinzana lithi: "... kwakubonakala kuye into embi, inamafu, ibuhlungu kwaye ingenakoyiswa."
Ngokuqinisekileyo
Umthi wesayensi Ivela kakhulu kwiBaroja zombini kumxholo wayo kunye nokugxila kunye nemiba yayo esemthethweni, kwaye yeyona noveli imele kakhulu ixesha.