UArthur Conan Doyle

USir Arthur Conan Doyle (ngo-1859 ukuya ku-1930) wayengumbhali waseScotland owangena ezembalini njengomqambi womphandi odumileyo uSherlock Holmes. Nangona kunjalo, imfutshane kakhulu ukuyichaza le ngqondi ibalaseleyo ngaphandle kokuthathela ingqalelo ezinye iindawo ngaphandle komlinganiswa wakhe. Ewe, umbhali wase-Bhritane wayenomsebenzi obalaseleyo wobuntatheli kwaye wayeyindumasi kuluntu.

Yonke indalo yakhe yoncwadi inomdla kakhulu, egubungela ngaphezulu kwamagama angamashumi amathandathu. Kubandakanya, Imfazwe enkulu yeBhulu (1900) kunye Ihlabathi elilahlekileyo (Ngo-1912) zezona zaziwayo. Ukongeza, UDoyle uvelise inani leenoveli zembali, ezothando kunye neenoveli. intsomi yesayensikunye namabali ahlekisayo, imidlalo, iincwadi zemibongo, izincoko kunye nobomi bakhe.

I-Biography

Ubuntwana

Wabhaptizwa ngegama lika-Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle, wazalwa ngoMeyi 22, 1859, e-Edinburgh, eScotland, e-United Kingdom. Ukhulele kusapho olucebileyo lwama-Irish Katolika, olondolozayo kakhulu kunye nodumo oluhle kwihlabathi lobugcisa lase-Great Britain. Umama wakhe, uMary Foley, wayeyazi indlela yokudibanisa (kunye nokudlulisela kubantwana bakhe) ukuthanda kwakhe iileta kunye noxanduva lwasekhaya.

Kwelinye icala, uCharles, Utata wakhe wayengumyili oyili (bonisa ikhava ye Funda kwi-Scarlet, Incwadi yokuqala eneenkwenkwezi zikaHolmes). Ukanti wayelinxila eligqibeleleyo, apho wayehlala kumaziko ezempilo amatyeli aliqela. Ngokunjalo, ukugula kukayise kwabangela ukuba oomalume bakhathalele usana uArthur xa wayeneminyaka eli-9 ubudala.

Ukufikisa kunye nezifundo

Ukususela ngo-1968, abaselula UDoyle wafunda eStonyhurst Saint Mary's Hall Jesuit College (kwisikolo sokulungiselela ukubhodi), eseLancashire, ENgilani. Apho wachaza amabali akhe okuqala. Ngo-1870 wafuduselwa kwiziko eliphambili- iStonyhurst College - de kwangowe-1875 waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe kwiSikolo samaJesuit iStella Matutina eFeldkirch, eOstriya.

Emva konyaka wangena kwiYunivesithi yase-Edinburgh ukuba afunde amayeza. Esi sigqibo sothusa zonke izihlobo zakhe (bakholelwa ukuba uza kufunda ubugcisa). Kunye nemfundo yakhe ephezulu, uDoyle wayemele indlu yakhe yezifundo kwimidlalo eyahlukeneyo (umbhoxo, igalufa kunye nomdlalo wamanqindi). Yintoni egqithisile, wapapasha ibali lakhe elifutshane lokuqala Imfihlakalo yaseSasassa Valley (1879) kwi  Ijenali yeChambers Edinburgh.

Ukuwela

Ngo-1880, uArthur Doyle walugqiba uqeqesho awayelwenza njengugqirha wotyando kwiArctic owayekhwela kumnenga. Kunyaka olandelayo waphumelela njengugqirha kwaye ngo-1885 wagqiba ubugqirha. Okwangoku, wayenethuba lokuthatha uhambo oluya kunxweme olusentshona yeAfrika ngo-1882 kwaye waqala ukubhala iincwadi zakhe zokuqala. Uninzi lwale mibhalo luphefumlelwe luhambo lwaselwandle.

Ngokunjalo, kwiYunivesithi yase-Edinburgh nakwiklabhu yeqakamba wadibana nababhali bexesha elizayo likaJames Barrie noRobert L. Stevenson. Ngelo xesha, uDoyle waqala indlela yakhe yokomoya eyenzakalisa ubuKatolika. Ngapha koko, kwiminyaka ethile kamva wapapasha amanqaku aliqela ngokunxulumene nale yangoku "yenkolo yengqondo".

Ukusuka kumayeza ukuya kuncwadi

UDoyle wamisela iiofisi zonyango ezimbini, okokuqala ePortsmouth kwaye kamva eLondon. Kuzo zombini iimeko, akazange avelise umvuzo ofanelekileyo ukuze enze umsebenzi wakhe uzinze. Nangona kunjalo, le meko imshiye nexesha elininzi lokubhala. Ngele ndlela, upapasho lwemibhalo emifutshane luvele njenge Ibali likaJ. Habakuk Jephson (1884) okanye Imfihlelo yeCloomber (1889).

Ungayithenga le ncwadi apha: USherlock Holmes, Study kwiScarlet

nayo, nge Isifundo esikwi-Scarlet (1887) umbhali wase-Bhritane waqala uthotho lomcuphi owaziwa kakhulu ngalo lonke ixesha: USherlock Holmes. Ngaphandle kozuko olufunyenwe ngenxa yomlinganiswa ophelekwa ngumncedisi wakhe othembekileyo, uGqirha Watson, uDoyle wafika wamcekisa lo ophambili. Umbhali waseScotland wada "wambulala" uHolmes kwingxelo enempikiswano enesihloko Ingxaki yokugqibela.

Imitshato

Kwakungunyaka we-1885 xa uArthur Doyle watshata noLouisa Hawkins, umama wabantwana bakhe bokuqala ababini. Ngo-1883 wafumanisa ukuba unesifo sephepha, imeko eyabangela ukuba asweleke ezingalweni zikaDoyle kwiminyaka eli-13 kamva. Ngo-1907, umbhali wase-Edinburgh watshata noJean Leckie, owayesebenzelana nemimoya owayethandana naye iminyaka engaphezulu kweshumi. Esi sibini sasinabantwana abathathu.

El mhlekazi

Ngo-1900, uDoyle wapapashwa Imfazwe enkulu yamabhulu. Yimanifesto ethethelela ukuthatha inxaxheba kobukhosi baseBritane emfazweni yeli gama linye eyenzeka kumazantsi eAfrika. Lo mbhalo wabhengezwa ziingangamsha zase-United Kingdom. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku Wagqiba ekubeni ahlonywe nguMyalelo woBukhosi baseBritane. Ukusukela ngoko, waphathwa njengo "mhlekazi."

Ukusebenzelana nemimoya

Umbhali waseScotland wapapasha imisebenzi emininzi ebhaliweyo enxulumene nokholo lwakhe kwaye waba lilwela elikhutheleyo kwiminyaka yakhe yokugqibela yobomi. Kakhulu kangangokuba waphela enomsindo nomhlobo wakhe uHarry Houdini kwaye waxhasa izizathu zempikiswano (ezinje ngobungqina babo babandakanyekayo kwimeko yeefani zaseCottingley, umzekelo).

Ngapha koko, ngo-1929 uDoyle akawuhoyanga umyalelo ka-Angina Pectoris kwaye wagqiba kwelokuba aye kukhenketho lokufunda ngokomoya waseNetherlands.. Xa ebuyela ekhaya eCrowborough, eNgilani, wayelele ebhedini ngenxa yeentlungu zesifuba. Xa evuka okokugqibela ngoJulayi 7, 1930, wabethwa egadini yakhe.

Obra

Ukongeza kumabali angaphezu kwamashumi amathandathu asasazeka ngaphezulu kweenoveli ezine kunye namabali amaninzi aneenkwenkwezi kunye noHolmes kunye noGqirha John Watson, UDoyle ngumbhali woluhlu oluninzi lweencwadi, zombini ezobuxoki kunye nezingeyonyani. Nangona ukuhamba kwakhe kwisikolo sezonyango kwiYunivesithi yase-Edinburgh ngo-1876 kwakuthatha isigqibo somsebenzi wakhe. Kuba apho waba ngumfundi kaJoseph Bell.

Ukwakha uphawu lukaSherlock Holmes

Ugqirha Bell wachukumisa uDoyle oselula ngenxa yokuchaneka kweenkqubo zakhe zokutsala. Yeyiphi - ngokudibanisa ukuncoma umlingiswa kaEdgar Allan Poe woMcuphi uDupin-wayila ingqiqo yomcuphi wakhe wesayensi. Nokuba kuthinjwe njengendlela yokufumana inyani yolwaphulo-mthetho kuye kwafundwa ngokusesikweni ukusukela kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini.

Phakathi kwabafundi abaneempapasho zamva nje ngalo mbandela, uK. Clemens Franken (2015) uqaqambisa ubume be-neuralgic yedatha ebonwayo. Ngelo xesha, ithiyori esekwe kwingxoxo esengqiqweni sisitshixo sokusombulula nayiphi na imfihlakalo. Ke ngoko, naluphi na uhlobo lwempendulo engenakuqinisekiswa ngokwesayensi, esekwe kwi-esoteric, iinkolelo okanye iinkolelo ezingahleliwe, ikhutshiwe.

USherlock Holmes upapasho

• Funda kwi-Scarlet (1887). Inoveli.
• Umqondiso wesine (1890). Inoveli.
• IiAdventures zikaSherlock Holmes (1891-92).
• Imemori kaSherlock Holmes (1892-93).
• Indawo yokuzingela yaseBaskerville (1901-02). Inoveli
• Ukubuya kukaSherlock Holmes (1903-04).
• Isaphetha sakhe sokugqibela (1908-17).
• Intlambo yoloyiko (1914-15).
• Ugcino lweSherlock Holmes (1924-26).

Eminye imisebenzi edumileyo kaSir Arthur Conan Doyle

Umlingisi weNjingalwazi uMceli-mngeni

Ungayithenga le ncwadi apha:

Ihlabathi elilahlekileyo

• Ihlabathi elilahlekileyo (1912).
• Indawo enetyhefu (1913).
• Xa uMhlaba wakhwaza (1928).
• Umatshini wokwahlulwa (1929).
• Umhlaba wenkungu (1926).
• Inzonzobila yaseMaracot (1929).

Iinoveli zembali

• UMika clarke (1888)
• Inkampani yabamhlophe (1891).
• Isithunzi esikhulu (1892).
• Ilitye likaRodney (1896).
• Malume uBernac (1897).
• Izifundo zendalo (1901).
• Mnumzana Nigel (1906).
• Ukuxhaphaza kukaBrigadier Gerard (1896).
• IiAdventures zikaBrigadier Gerard (1903).
• Umtshato kaBrigadier (1910).

Amanye amabali akhe awaziwayo, izincoko kunye neenkqubo zokuzibonakalisa

• UCaptain wePolestar kunye namanye amabali (1890).
• Uvavanyo olukhulu lweKeinplatz (1890).
• Izenzo zikaRaffles Haw (1891).
• UJane Annie okanye iBhaso lokuziphatha okuhle (1893)
• Umhlobo wam umbulali kunye nezinye iimfihlakalo kunye nezinto ezizayo (1893).
• Ukujikeleza iLampu ebomvu (Ngo-1894). Inqaku malunga neendlela zonyango.
• Iileta zeStark Munro (1895).
• Iingoma zomsebenzi (1898).
• Intlungu yeKorosko (1898).
• Ukuya eDuet (1899).
• Imfazwe enkulu yamabhulu (1900).
• Ngomkhusane (1907).
• Ujikeleze amaBali oMlilo (1908).
• Ulwaphulo-mthetho lwaseCongo (1909).
• Igalari elahlekileyo (1911).
• Uloyiko kwiindawo eziphakamileyo (1913).
• Iphulo laseBritane eFrance naseFlanders: Ngo-1914 (1916).
• IsiTyhilelo esitsha (1918).
• Imfihlakalo yefairies (1921).
• Iimbali ezothusayo kunye nemfihlakalo (1923).
• Iinkumbulo kunye neehambo (1924).
• Ugqirha oMnyama kunye nezinye iiNtsingiselo zoBugrogrisi kunye neMfihlakalo (1925)
• Ukujongana noKapteni Sharkey (1925).
• Indoda ka-Arkángel (1925).
• Imbali yezoMoya (1926).