El haiku Yiyo uhlobo lwemibongo olusuka eJapan. Imalunga ne- umbongo omfutshane iphefumlelwe yimvakalelo yomzuzu othile, ngokumangala kunye nokudibanisa komntu ngamnye kunye nendalo. Okulandelayo, siphuhlisa iimpawu kwaye sibona ezinye imizekelo ukusuka kumsebenzi wababhali baseJapan bakudala, kunye nakwamanye amazwe, abawulimileyo.
Ikwaba sisithethe esivumela umphefumlo ukuba ube sesichengeni sokuthanda ukuchacha kwawo kwimeko yokubandezeleka kunye nokukhupha okanye ukomeleza zombini inkalipho, ukuxhathisa kunye nesibindi. Ngale ndlela isetyenziswa rhoqo njenge isixhobo sonyango ngenxa yesiphumo sayo se-cathartic kunye nenkululeko.
iimpawu ze-haiku
- Olona phawu lwazo lwahlukileyo kukuba zibhalwe ngaphakathi 5-7-5 amaqunube amnyama (amalungu) ngokulandelelanayo. ngesakhiwo se imigca emithathu engenamvano-siphelo, nangona le metric inokuguquguquka.
- Kwakhona, ngokwesithethe, yonke ihaiku mayibandakanye a kigo, eyi igama okanye intetho ebonisa ixesha lonyaka apho isicatshulwa sibhekisa khona. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba igama elithi ikhephu liyavela, libhekisela ebusika. Okanye ukuba sinayo, okwangoku, siya entwasahlobo.
- Haiku chaza okanye bonisa imiboniso yendalo okanye ubomi bemihla ngemihla. Kukho izilwanyana, izityalo, imbonakalo-mhlaba okanye iziganeko zemeteorological. Yaye ngokuphathelele ubomi bemihla ngemihla, sinokubona imifanekiso yeedolophu, izixeko okanye iindlela. Kodwa kukwakhona ukufumana ezinye nge uthando njengomxholo.
- I-haiku yenzelwe ukuhambisa okanye vusa umbono oko kubangele ukuba kucingwe into ethile. Kuyo i hayi (umbhali okanye imbongi) igqithisa imvakalelo ebenayo xa ibona into ethile kwaye kulapho ihaiku iyeka ukuba sisicatshulwa nje esichazayo ukuze ibe sisihobe.
- Isimbo sehaiku siqhelekile yendalo kwaye ilula kunye nezinye izixhobo zesimbo kufuneka ziphetshwe.
zen ifilosofi
Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba ukubhalwa kwehaiku kunxulunyaniswe nelizwe leZen, ekubeni le filosofi zisetyenziselwa ukusasaza, kodwa imele ifaneleke ukuba ngumbongo omdala kakhulu.
Umbhali
Iimbongi zokuqala nazo zakhapha ihaiku yazo nge mze keliso, eyayingachazwanga ngokupheleleyo kwaye yayibizwa hayi. Esi siko saqalwa oyena mbhali udumileyo nowaziwayo yolu hlobo lwemibongo, eyayi Matsuo Basho ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, eyona idumileyo kwixesha Japanese Edo.
Abanye ababhali beli xesha bangasentla babe Ihara Saikaku y Ueshima Onitsura. Kwinkulungwane elandelayo bagxininisa Yosa buson KulungileObayashi Issa, esele ingenile kwi XIX, apho iphinde yakhiwe khona Masaoka shiki, phakathi kwabanye.
Olu hlobo lombongo luthabathe abaninzi ababhali basentshona abazibhale ngeelwimi zabo.
eyaziwayo haiku
Matsuo Basho
Le ndlela
akusekho mntu uyihambayo
ngaphandle kokuhlwa.
Intsasa ebandayo.
amazwi abahambi ngezonqulo
ukuba bathi ndlela ntle
Yosa Buson
iintsuku ezipholileyo
bayaqokelelana, bavuselela
ixhego lakudala
Kwimvula yehlobo
indlela
Wanyamalala.
I-melancholy enzulu.
Ikama lomfazi wam ongasekhoyo
Ndiye ndanyathela ekamereni.
Kobayashi-Issa
Ukuba awukho,
inkulu kakhulu
iya kuba lihlathi
Ibhabhathane liyaphaphazela
ngokungathi uphelelwe lithemba
kweli hlabathi
Yiza nama,
Dlala nam,
undlunkulu ongenabazali
UNatsume Soseki
Kwintaba yeentyatyambo
khulula amahashe
kwisibhakabhaka sasekwindla
inyanga ukuya empuma
ulala uya kuba
ngezi yure.
Kijo Murakami
kusasa ekwindla
Ndizijonge esipilini
ndibona utata.
UWatanabe Hakusen
Phezolo ndizigqumile
abantwana bam abaleleyo
nengxolo yolwandle.
Akiko Yanakiwara
isikhephe siyahamba
kwaye yenza indlela emhlophe
intlungu yam kunye neenyawo zayo.
ngokukhawuleza kunesichotho
kwaye ilula kunentsiba
kwangena ingcinga engqondweni yam.
Ogiwara Seisensui
Xa i-cicada icula,
xa ecula,
cula ekwayara
kwaye ilanga liyafa
yamagushi sodo
Le ntwasahlobo kwindlwana yam
Ngokuqinisekileyo akukho nto
Ngokuqinisekileyo yonke into
Taneda Santoka
isitya sam esicengayo
yamkela amagqabi awileyo
masaoka shiki
Ndinqumle isebe
kwaye yacaca ngcono
Ngefestile.
Intwasahlobo ekhaya.
Akukho nto
kwaye kukho yonke into.
Intyatyambo iyadubula;
akukho mfazi, lusizi
Kwindlu yabahambi.
Nagai Kafuu
ivumba lenyibiba
Umnyango apho ndilinde khona umntu;
ubusuku obugqunywe yinyanga
takarai kikaku
Ngamana iishawa
kwaye ngequbuliso inyanga
phakathi kwepayini
Chiyo-ni
Ukujonga inyanga
ukuzalwa kobu bomi
ngentsikelelo
Amanzi ayakhazimla.
Iingcango zomlilo ziyaphuma
Akukho nto ikhoyo
kato gyodai
Isibingelelo esingakhanyiyo sikaBuddha
igumbi lelalo
koonodoli
Amagqabi awela kwamanye amagqabi
Bajoyina
Imvula ikhukulisa enye imvula
Ngobunye ubusuku basentwasahlobo.
Kubonakala ngathi akukho mntu
Ilahliwe inqwelo.
Ababhali abangengabo baseJapan
UJorge Luis Borges
Ngaba bubukumkani
eso sibane sicimayo
okanye ukhanyikhanyi?
I-Octavio Paz
Yenziwe ngumoya
phakathi kweepayini kunye namatye
Lo mbongo uyahluma.
UMario Benedetti
uyanyikima umbethe
namagqabi amfusa
kunye nengcungcu.