1984: UGeorge Orwell

1984

1984 -ekuqaleni yaziwa ngesiNgesi njenge Ishumi elinesithoba elinamashumi asibhozo aneSine-yinoveli ye-dystopian kunye nezopolitiko ezingeyonyani ebhalwe ngumgxeki waseBritane, umbhali, umbhali weendaba kunye nentatheli u-Eric Arthur Blair, owaziwa ngcono ngegama lakhe elingengowakho: uGeorge Orwell. Umsebenzi wapapashwa okokuqala ngo-1949. Le ncwadi edumileyo ka-Orwell yazisa ukuthandwa kweengcamango ezifana noMzalwana omkhulu, iNewspeak kunye nePolisa yokucinga.

Inoveli yokuqala ye-dystopian ngokwenene yaba Thina (1924), nguZamyatin. Nangona kunjalo, 1984 yeza kwimarike njengento enkulu yokuthengisa, nangexesha layo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yeyona nto ibalaseleyo yohlobo. Ngokufanayo, incwadi ka-Orwell yenye yezona zinto zimele kakhulu kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, iyinxalenye ye-100 Books of the Century ngokutsho kweLe Monde.

Isishwankathelo se 1984, nguGeorge Orwell

Inkcazo emfutshane yoluntu lwase-Orwellian

Uyilo lwenoveli lwenzeka ngo-1984, kwiLondon yekamva. (ngexesha lokubhalwa kwencwadi, kunjalo). Ilizwe langaphambili laseBrithani ngoku liyinxalenye yommandla owaziwa ngokuba yi-Air Belt 1. Lo Mbuso, ngokulandelayo, uhlanganiswe kwi-State enkulu yase-Oceania. Ngaxeshanye, Uluntu lwale dolophu lwahlulwe lwangamaqela amathathu.

Ezokugqibela zezi: amalungu angaphandle eQela elinye, abo bangabakhe isangqa seqela elingaphakathi, kwaye iiproles (ukuncipha kwe-proletariat). Abo bakhankanywe ngasentla liqela labantu abachazwa njengesihlwele esingenanto. Aba bantu baphila ngokonwabisa yaye bengamahlwempu, yaye urhulumente ubagcina benjalo ukuze kungabikho namnye kubo ovukela imithetho yabo yobuzwilakhe.

Ukuthengisa

Ngo-1984 (okwangoku)

8,50 €

Jonga umnikelo Bona amanqaku

Imfazwe Luxolo, Inkululeko Bubukhoboka, Ukungazi Ngamandla

Winston USmith yindoda eneminyaka engama-39 ubudala usebenzela uBulungiseleli beNyaniso -okanye uMiniver, kwiNewspeak-, enye yamasebe amane urhulumente alawulayo ukugcina uhlengahlengiso. Umsebenzi womlinganiswa ophambili, kwaye, xa iyonke, indawo yakhe, ibhala imbali kwakhona ukuhambelana neziganeko ezenzeka ngoku. Ngenye imini, emva kweminyaka esebenzela uMniver, uWinston wafumanisa ukuba kukho into engamfanelanga.

Njengoko enyuka izinyuko ezikhokelela kwindlu yakhe, ehlala ebona iimpawu ezibonisa Ubhuti omkhulu, UWinston uthatha i-gin, kwaye ufihla kwiikhamera zePolisa zokucinga ukuba abhale kwidayari yakhe. Inyaniso elula yokusebenzisa ulwimi "lwakudala" inokugwebela ukufa umlinganiswa oyintloko., kodwa, okwangoku, ubonakala ungakhathali.

Ukunyanzeliswa kunye nengcinezelo

Uchulumancile kwaye ufihliwe, Le ndoda yaqalisa ukubalisa izinto ezazimehlele ngaloo ntsasa. WayekwiSebe Lenyaniso, elungiselela imizuzu emibini yentiyo eyenzekayo kanye ngemini. Kungekudala emva koko, kwavela amalungu amabini eqela, indoda enkulu kunye nomfazi omnyama nonomtsalane weSebe leeNoveli.

Imizuzu emibini yentiyo iquka ukuvelisa kwakhona ubuso be UEmmanuel Goldstein, umnxeba “utshaba lwabantu”. Le yayikade iyinxalenye yeQela. Noko ke, wangcatsha urhulumente. Emva kokuhamba, kwaseka uBuzalwane, isisele sabavukeli babantu base-Eurasia. Intetho yale ndoda yabangela ukuba abaphulaphuli, indoda enkulu kunye nomfazi omnyama, baqalise ukukhala, ngaphandle kweengqondo zabo.

Umvukeli emthunzini

Kamva, ubuso boMzalwana omkhulu babonakala kwisikrini, kwaye oko kwakhulula phantse wonke umntu kwigumbi, ngaphandle kukaWinston, owayefuna ukuzityhila, nangona kwakungenakwenzeka. Ngoko, I-protagonist yaqala ukucinga malunga noBuzalwane, kwaye ukuba ikhona ngokwenene. Kwangelo xesha wayebhala iinkumbulo zakhe kunye neminqweno engazi nto, le ndoda ayizange iqonde ukuba ibhala "Phantsi ngeBig Brother."

Ukuthetha nantoni na engalunganga malunga neQela eliNye kunye nendlela yokuphila yaseOceanian lulwaphulo-mthetho oluhlawula ngokunyuka komphunga.. Oko kukuthi: ngokufa kunye nokunyamalala okulandelayo. Xa ekulungele ukuphumla, udibana nabantwana bakhe, abagcina isimilo esinogonyamelo ngokwenene. Emva koko, umlingisi oyintloko uya kulala, kwaye uqala ukuphupha ngabazali bakhe, udadewabo, kunye nokuhlanjululwa kokuqala. Ubunzulu bobuthongo bumkhokelela ekubeni aphuphe umfazi omnyama.

Uthando kunye nomnqweno akuvumelekanga

1984 Ibekwe kuluntu olucinezelayo, olunobuzwilakhe olungenaluvelwano lwabantu kunye namalungelo abo.. Ukongeza kuzo zonke ezi ngasentla, oku kunokuqinisekiswa ngokubonga komnye wabalinganiswa: ifilosofi ekhethekileyo kwiNewspeak. Umsebenzi oyintloko wale ndoda yayikutshabalalisa ingqondo, ukulahla ulwimi olunzima kakhulu olubhaliweyo kunye noluthethwayo, kunye nokutshintshana ngamagama angamasiqingatha. Yonke ke le nto inenjongo yokulalisa amadoda.

Malunga nombhali, uEric Arthur Blair

UGeorge Orwell.

U-Eric Arthur Blair wazalwa ngoJuni 25, 1903, eMotihari, eBritish Raj. Ngokwabahlalutyi boncwadi, ungomnye wababhali ababalaseleyo benkulungwane yama-XNUMX. Waziwa ngcono njengoGeorge Orwell, lo mbhali akafuni kwaziswa. Uninzi lweenoveli zakhe ziphefumlelwe ngamava akhe. Intatheli, nayo yazibonela ngawabo amehlo ukungafezeki kwe-impiriyali yaseBritane, eyayichasene nayo, ikhusela, idemokhrasi yobusoshiyali.

Kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe, Orwell Waye waziwa kakhulu ngomsebenzi wakhe njengentatheli kunye nombhali wezincoko. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabantu abeza emsebenzini wakhe benza oko ngeenoveli zakhe. Ngengqiqo yoncwadi, umbhali Wabanga ukuba waphenjelelwa ngamandla nguSomerset Maugham, uJack London, uHerman Melville, uCharles Dickens noJonathan Swift..

Ezinye iincwadi zikaGeorge Orwell

Novelas

• Iintsuku zaseBurma - Iintsuku zaseBurma (1934);
• Intombi yomfundisi - Intombi yomfundisi (1935);
• Gcina i-Aspidistra ibhabha - Ngamana i-aspidistra ingafi (1936);
• Ukuza Emoyeni - Yiya phezulu emoyeni (1939);
• Ifama yezilwanyana - Uvukelo efama (1945).

Ingxelo engeyonyani

• Phantsi nangaphandle eParis naseLondon - Akukho mhlophe eParis naseLondon (1933);
• Indlela eya eWigan Pier - Indlela eya eWigan Pier (1937);
• Ukuhlonela iCatalonia - Imbeko eCatalonia (1938);

izincoko

• Iphephandaba le-quarterpenny;
• Indawo yokuhlala;
• ukuxhoma;
• kwitrullo;
• Izindlu zabahambi;
• URudyard Kipling;
• bulala indlovu;
• Iinkumbulo zomthengisi weencwadi;
• Ukukhusela inoveli;
• Ukufumana ikhekhe laseSpain;
• Impendulo engapapashwanga 'Ababhali bathatha icala kwimfazwe yaseSpain';
• Amanqaku kwimikhosi yaseSpain;
• Kwakutheni ukuze ndijoyine i-Independent Labour Party;
• Iingcinga zezopolitiko kwiingxaki;
• Idemokhrasi kuMkhosi waseBritane;
• Marrakeki;
• UCharles Dickens;
• iiveki ngeeveki zolutsha;
• Kwisisu somnenga;
• Amanqaku ekuhambeni;
• Amagama amatsha;
• Kumongameli weXesha neTide;
• Ilizwe lam, ekunene okanye ekhohlo;
• Ingonyama kunye ne-unicorn: i-socialism kunye ne-genius yaseNgilani;
• Imida yobugcisa kunye nepropaganda;
• UTolstoy kunye noShakespeare;
• Intsingiselo yombongo;
• Uncwadi kunye ne- totalitarianism;
• Gqirha Goebbels othandekayo, abahlobo bakho baseBritane batya kakuhle!!;
• Wells, uHitler kunye nelizwe lehlabathi;
• Ubugcisa bukaDonald McGill;
• imali nezixhobo;
• URudyard Kipling II;
• Ukufunyanwa kwakhona kweYurophu;
• S.Eliot;
• Iinkumbulo zemfazwe yaseSpain;
• Udliwano-ndlebe olucingelwayo: UGeorge Orwell kunye noJonathan Swift;
• Ukunqongophala kwemali: iprofayili kaGeorge Gissing;
• Uncwadi kunye nekhohlo;
• Ngaba amaSoshiyali angonwaba?
• Abantu abangamaNgesi;
• Inyhweba yolawulo. Amanye amanqaku ngoSalvador Dalí;
• Ngaba iincwadi zibiza kakhulu?
• Raffles kunye noNkosazana Blandish;
• Ipropaganda nolwimi;
• Arthur Koestler;
• UTobias Smollet, umbhali wenoveli omkhulu waseSkotlani;
• Ukonwaba, kodwa hayi ubukrwada;
• Iimbatyisi kunye ne-stout;
• Ekukhuseleni iPG Wodehouse;
• I-Antisemitism eNgilani;
• Imibongo kunye ne-microphone;
• Amanqaku ngobuhlanga;
• Amanqaku omntu 'kwinzululwazi';
• Inkululeko yeendaba;
• Impindezelo ikrakra;
• Ibhombu yeathom nawe;
• Yintoni isayensi?;
• Iincwadi ezimbi ezimbi;
• Ukutshatyalaliswa koncwadi;
• Uxolo lweziko;
• Ezopolitiko kunye nolwimi lwesiNgesi;
• Umoya wezemidlalo.