UJames Nava | Ukufota ngoncedo lombhali.
UJames nava Ungowemvelaphi yaseSpain kodwa uchithe iminyaka emininzi kwi EUnited States, ehlanganiswe ngokupheleleyo kwinkcubeko kunye nendlela yabo yokuphila. I-niche yenziwe kuncwadi ngokuhlakulela uhlobo olungaqhelekanga kodwa oluhlala lunomtsalane: i iintsomi zembali wahlala e kwintshona yaseMelika. Ipapasha ngohlelo lwayo, Iincwadi zeSniper. Kule nto udliwanondlebe olubanzi Usixelela ngemisebenzi yakhe nokunye okuninzi. Enkosi kakhulu ngexesha lakho kunye nobubele.
UJames Nava—Udliwano-ndlebe
- ACTUALIDAD LITERATURA: Iinoveli zakho zibekwe eMelika eNtshona. Kwakutheni ukuze ukhethe elo xesha kwaye yintoni onokuyiqaqambisa kakhulu ngalo?
UJAMES NAVA: Ndiyachukumiseka yimbali yaseUnited States kwaye iqonga eligubungela ukoyiswa kweNtshona lelinye lawona anika umdla nelikhuthazayo. Iintlobo zoncwadi ezahlukeneyo kakhulu zinokuphuhliswa ngaphandle kokushiya ixesha: i-adventure, imbali, isenzo, uthando, njl. Iinoveli zam zamva nje ezisetwe kwi-American West iphupha lasentshona, abakhweli imbeko y amathandazwe nesibindi, ziyinxalenye ye saga Endifuna ukutyhubela kuyo amashumi eminyaka aphambili apho i-United States yayiyilwe kwizinto ezininzi zentlalo, inkcubeko, ezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho.
Ndigxininisa i isakhelo esiguqukayo, Las iimbekiselo zembali umdla, i abalinganiswa abathandekayo, ukuba kufutshane kwe uhlobo, nendlela ezinokubakhuthaza ngayo abafundi banamhlanje.
imbali yaseMelika
Nganye kwezi noveli igxile kuyo iziganeko ezibonisiweyo, njengeekharavani zabahlali abaya eOregon, i Udabi lasekuhlaleni, umfanekiso we Lincoln, ukwandiswa kwe ukufuya iinkomo, iingxabano ngemimandla okanye iimfazwe zamaNdiya. Kwakhona ubukho rhoqo iingcuka kunye nendalo indomitable, kunye nokubonakala amaqhawe kwiimeko ezinzima. Konke oku ngokuchasene nemvelaphi ye amabali omntu ezisisondeza kubuntu babalinganiswa, ipsychology yabo, ubudlelwane babo kunye nendima abayidlalayo ebalini.
Ngamafutshane, abafundi baya kufumana ama-adventures, imbali, kunye ne-epic yoloyiso lwe-Wild West.
- AL: Ngaba uyazikhumbula naziphi na izifundo zakho zokuqala? Kwaye ibali lokuqala olibhalileyo?
JN: Ewe, abanye babo babenjalo Isiqithi sobuncwanenguRobert Louis Stevenson Iimpuku y Indlela, nguMiguel Delibes; I-Mohican yokugqibela, de UJames fenimore uyasebenzisana; ukumkani wamabhere, nguJames O. Curwood; Uhambo lokuya kwihlabathi kwiintsuku ezingama-80, nguJules Verne; Ivanhoe, nguWalter Scott; Iklabhu yabahlanu y iklabhu yabasixhenxenguEnid Blyton; Iintlanga zikaTom Sawyer, nguMark Twain. Kwaye abaninzi ngakumbi. Kuba bendi (ndi) ndingumfundi othanda kakhulu.
Eyokuqala endayibhalayo yayimalunga ne-a ibali costumbrista iseti edolophini kunye nendalo eyayimngqongile.
- AL: Umbhali oyintloko? Unokukhetha ngaphezu kweyodwa nakwezinye iindawo.
JN: Ndicinga ukuba uninzi lwabo lunokufunda kwaye lukonwabele ukufunda. Ngokusengqiqweni kukho ezinye endizikhethayo ngenxa yesizathu esinye okanye esinye. Phakathi kwabo kuya kubakho uMarko IiTwains, uRalph Waldo Emerson, UCharles UDickens, Louis L'Amour, Jack Schaefer, Dorothy M. Johnson, Willa Cather, Miguel Ukunyoba, UNorman Umgcini, Oakley Hall, John Steinbeck, Jack London, uTom Wolfe, uRobert Ludlum...
Uluhlu luya kuba lude kakhulu kuba ndithanda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zoncwadi kwaye, ngokungafaniyo nabanye abafundi, andinamkhethe xa kuziwa ekufundeni. Kuphela Ndiyawuxabisa umgangatho kunye netalente.
- AL: Nguwuphi umlinganiswa osencwadini onqwenela ukudibana naye kunye nokwenza?
JN: Zininzi, ewe, umzekelo, shane, ukusuka kwinoveli kaShane UJack Schaefer, eyenziwa yaba yifilim yaye eSpeyin yaziwa ngokuba yiRaíces profundas. Abanye abalinganiswa abalungileyo onokuthi ubakhethe iya kuba nguJack Ryan kaTom Clancy, uJason Bourne kaRobert Ludlum, uLt. I-Dunbar ukusuka kwiMidaniso kunye neengcuka, nguMichael Blake, okanye Tom Sawyer NguMark Twain.
iintlobo kunye nokufunda
- AL: Ngaba unayo nayiphi na imikhwa okanye imikhwa xa kufikwa ekubhaleni nasekufundeni?
MN: Andina izinto zokuzonwabisa kulo mxholo. Ndifuna nje indawo ezolileyo, ecebisayo, ixesha kunye nogxininiso lokubhala okanye lokufunda.
- AL: Kwaye indawo oyikhethileyo kunye nexesha lokwenza oko?
JN: Ndiyathanda ukubhala i temprano Ngokwam iofisi ukusuka ekhaya, kodwa nayiphi na indawo okanye ixesha lemini okanye lobusuku lifanelekile ngokwenene. Ndiyakwazi ukubhala kwindawo evulekileyo, phambi komlilo ovuthayo okanye epakini. Andifuni ikofu, umsi (andatshayi), ukusela utywala (andiseli nokuba), okanye ndamkele naziphi na ezo zimo zengqondo ze-bohemian, i-anarchic, okanye ezonakeleyo ezinxulumene nababhali. Am ingqeqesho kwaye ndiyayonwabela loo mizuzu ndibhala okanye ndifunda ngazo zonke iimvakalelo zam zisebenza.
- AL: Ngaba zikhona ezinye iintlobo ozithandayo?
JN: Ewe kunjalo. Ndithanda phantse zonke Iindidi zoncwadi: imbali, imincili yala maxesha, intsomi yezopolitiko, imfihlelo, inoveli emnyama, intsomi yesayensi, inoveli yothando, i-adventure, intsomi, i-biographies, izincoko, njl. Ndicinga ukuba wonke umntu uneqela lemisebenzi yobugcisa ekufanele ukuba uyifunde, nokuba ayiyiyo enye yezinto ozithandayo. uninzi lunayo into entle ukuba negalelo ntoni
- AL: Ufunda ntoni ngoku? Ukubhala?
JN: Ngoku ndiyafunda Umhlaba wasendle, de URobert Olmstead. Yakha kwakhona ixesha lokuxhelwa okukhulu kwenyathi yaseMelika. Ubalisa u-epopeia yeekharavani eNtshona kwisakhelo sebali lothando, umzabalazo kunye nokuzincama. Inoveli enkulu.
Ndikhona ngoku ukudibanisa iphulo le ukunyusa inoveli yam yamva nje ipapashiwe, inkalipho yokuthanda ilizwe, (ngokungeyomfuneko nangayiphi na indlela, kodwa ngomoya omninzi wokulwa, inkohliso kunye namahlakani angcono umntu anokuwanqwenela), nge ukubhalwa kwe inoveli yam entsha, ukuqhubeka yale saga ndiyinikezela kwimbali yasentshona. Kuyo ndiqhubela phambili kwimbali yeeStocktons kunye nabanye abalinganiswa bembali kunye nabangeyonyani.
UJames Nava kunye nomboniso wokushicilela
- AL: Ucinga ukuba indawo yopapasho injani ngokubanzi?
JN: Kucacile ukuba kukho a ukuthumela ngaphezulu ukuba imarike ayikwazi ukucinga, apho iba yi-shredder yeencwadi, nokuba zilungile okanye zimbi. Ukuba kukho iindidi ezininzi kulungile, kodwa inkqubo ekhoyo yokupapasha ayisebenzi njengoko imiselwe kwaye ilawulwe. Kukho ukusilela okuninzi okuthintela unikezelo olusempilweni kunye nemfuno.
Las abavakalisi abakhulu abasajongi imvelaphi, zinyanzelise ababhali kunye neenoveli ubukhulu becala obunokuchithwa kwaye buphakathi (ungathethi amanye amagama amabi). Kuphela inxalenye encinci ifanele ukufundwa. Kwanokunikezelwa kweenoveli ezijolise kulonwabo olusulungekileyo kuya kusanda umgangatho ombi, kunye neengxabano ezibuthathaka, kwaye zigxininise kubabhali abazimeleyo abaya kwiinkwenkwezi ngaphandle kokufaneleka ixesha elininzi.
Kunoko, sinikela ubungqina ngokupapashwa kwe iinoveli ezilungileyo ngokwenene kubavakalisi abancinci okanye ngaphandle kakhulu urhwebo malunga nokuba imarike ayazi, ayivumi okanye ijongela phantsi ngokuthe ngqo. Kodwa zeziphi ezona zikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nomdla kwaye zivula i-horizons entsha yoncwadi.
Ukongeza, icandelo lopapasho lijongene nezinye imiceli mngeni okubalulekileyo: oko kukhuthazwa kwaye kuthengiswe ngamaqela amakhulu okushicilela kwaye abafundi bafunde ngokungathi bafanele basebenzise kwaye balahle akusoloko yeyona nto ibhetele, ngokwenene, inqabile. Bakho iintlobo ezinyanzelisayo, utyekelo loncwadi kunye neengxoxo kwezinye iimeko ezingenangqondo, ngokuhambelana nokuchaneka kwezopolitiko, kodwa oko akunagalelo okanye ukuhambisa ubunyani okanye amaxabiso walo naluphi na uhlobo.
Imidiya
Ngokunjalo, kumajelo eendaba sabona a ukuvalelwa kunye nocalucalulo kubantu abaninzi abaphetheyo kwiinkalo zenkcubeko, impatho-mbi ecacileyo yababhali nabavakalisi abancinane abangekho kwintlangano. ukusungulwa uncwadi.
Zonke ukukhuthazwa kunye neendawo ezingcono kumajelo eendaba, iimagazini, unomathotholo okanye izikhululo zikamabonakude zezo ababhali nabapapashi bayo ukusungulwa Banobutyebi obuninzi babantu kunye nemali. ukuphembelela abo banoxanduva kunye neendlela zabo. Yiyo loo nto abantu bengabazi abanye ababhali abafanelekileyo. Ndiyithetha yonke lento khusela umsebenzi wababhali nabapapashi abaninzi ababejongelwe phantsi nabathi cwaka.
Kwelam icala, ndinethamsanqa kuba ndipapasha kunye eyam yomhleli nini kwaye njani ndifuna, kunye neengcali ezingaqhelekanga ezibandakanyekayo kwinqanaba ngalinye lenkqubo endinika ukuzimela ukwenza nokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo. Ngethamsanqa, kusekho abathandi beencwadi abakhulu kumajelo eendaba axhasa ubuninzi benkcubeko kwaye bavule iingcango kuzo zonke iintlobo zababhali abanemisebenzi emihle yoncwadi. Aba bantu balungileyo, abangenalo ucalucalulo, bagcina ilangatye lenkcubeko liphila kwaye balisondeza ebantwini ngomzamo kunye nokubandakanyeka.
Ndihlala naye ukuzinikela, ububele kunye nothando iincwadi kunye nenkcubeko echasene nabanye oozwilakhe abaxhaphakileyo kwinkcubeko, imithombo yeendaba kunye nehlabathi lobuntatheli.
- AL: Ujongene njani nalo mzuzu siphila kuwo ngokwenkcubeko? Ngaba uyifumana ikhuthaza amabali exesha elizayo?
JN: Ndiqhuba kakuhle kaloku ndingene kwihlabathi lam loncwadi, ngaphandle kweengcinezelo zokuhlela, ezivela kubaphathi okanye abaphathi abacinga kuphela malunga nokuba yimalini yokufumana okanye ukuhlala kwi-social showcase, kunye neefashthi ezingenangqondo ezichaphazela izenzo zenkcubeko, uninzi lwazo andithatha inxaxheba kwaye ndingazithandi.
Ewe kukho izinto eziphathekayo Iyakhuthaza ngokwaneleyo kwiinoveli ezinokwenzeka, ngakumbi kwinkalo ye Thriller kwezopolitikoyobuntlola kunye nentshukumo yasemkhosini.
Lilonke, ihlabathi lanamhlanje ngokwembono yenkcubeko lishiya into enqwenelekayo. igcinwe kuphela ngu izinto ezingaqhelekanga umgangatho omkhulu apha naphaya.