UArthur Conan Doyle ucaphule.
Xa umsebenzisi we-Intanethi ecela "iincwadi zikaSherlock Holmes" kuGoogle, amabali ophando (mhlawumbi) awaziwa kakhulu ngamapolisa ngalo lonke ixesha avela kwiscreen. U-kunye no-Edgar Allan Poe's Dupin kunye no-Agatha Christie's Poirot - omnye wabalinganiswa "bokusekwa" kuhlobo lomcuphi. Ngaphezu koko, ukubaluleka kwegama lakhe kudlulela ngaphaya kwendawo yokufunda.
Enyanisweni, Le icon yenkcubeko ithandwayo yenziwa ngu-Sir Arthur Conan Doyle odumileyo sisalathiso esingenakuphepheka kubugcisa be-audiovisual. Ayothusi into yokuba ikhuthaze ngaphezulu kwamagama angamashumi amathathu phakathi kweefilimu kunye nomdlalo kamabonakude. Kweli candelo, ukwenziwa kwabadlali abadumileyo kwihlabathi (uR. Downey Omnci. Okanye uJeremy Brett, umzekelo) benze uHolmes umntu oqhelekileyo.
Malunga nombhali, uSir Arthur Conan Doyle
Ukuzalwa, usapho kunye nezifundo zokuqala
Unyana wamagcisa uCharles A. Doyle kunye noMary Foley, UArthur Ignatius Conan Doyle Wazalelwa e-Edinburgh, eScotland, ngoMeyi 22, 1859. Wakhula phantsi koononophelo losapho olwalucebile, olucingisisa nzulu nosapho lwamaKatolika. Ngokufanelekileyo, u-Arthur omncinci wabhaliswa kwizikolo zamaJesuit eNgilane (eziziiprayimari kunye nenxalenye yesekondari) nase-Austria (kwisikolo esiphakamileyo).
Imfundo ephezulu
Ngo-1876, uDoyle waqala izifundo zakhe zobugqirha kwiYunivesithi yase-Edinburgh. Apho wema ngaphandle ngenxa yeziqinisekiso zakhe kwaye kwimidlalo eyahlukeneyo (amanqindi, umbhoxo, igalufa yomdlalo weqakamba)…. Ngendlela efanayo, kuloo ndlu yezifundo waba ngumfundi wegqwetha elidumileyo uJoseph Bell, owachukumisa uArthur oselula ngendlela echanekileyo yeenkqubo zakhe.
Amabali okuqala
I-Bell yayinefuthe elibalulekileyo kulwakhiwo lomlinganiswa onike uDoyle udumo lwoncwadi: USherlock Holmes. Ngokulinganayo, Imfihlakalo yaseSasassa Valley (1879) -ibali elifutshane elipapashwe kwi Ijenali yeChambers Edinburgh— Uqale ukudlala. Kunyaka olandelayo walugqiba uqeqesho lwakhe njengugqirha wotyando emkhombeni Ithemba, KwiArctic.
Emva kwexesha, wakhwela i-SS Mayumba, inqanawa awayehamba kuyo indawo enkulu yonxweme lwaseNtshona Afrika. Olu hambo lukhuthaze amabali anje Ingxelo kaJ. Habakuk Jephson (1884) kunye Umphathi weNkwenkwezi yePole (1890). Ngo-1889 wafumana isidanga sobugqirha ngenxa yethisisi yakhe Iithebhu zedorsal.
Utshintsho kwiileta
Ngo-1882, uDoyle wazama ukuziphilisa ngokufumana amayeza kwi-ofisi yakhe awayefunda nayo ekholejini, uGeorge T. Budd. Kodwa, njengeeofisi zakhe ezalandela ePortsmouth naseLondon, eli nyathelo aliphumelelanga. Ke ngoko, waqala ukwenza iitekisi rhoqo, kubandakanya, Imfihlelo yeCloomber (1888) y Funda kwi-Scarlet (Ngo-1887), inkwenkwezi yokuqala yeHolmes.
UConan Doyle wayenalo nexesha lokuzinikela ekudlaleni igalufa, ibhola ekhatywayo (wayengunozinti wasePortsmouth AFC) kunye neqakamba (wayeyinxalenye ye-Marylebone CC eyaziwayo). Kwelinye icala, Wayetshatile ukusuka ngo-1885 ukuya kuLouise Hawkins, owayenabantwana ababini, de kwasekufeni kwakhe ngo-1906 (isifo sephepha). Emva kwexesha, umbhali wayenabanye abantwana abathathu kumtshato wakhe wesibini noJean E. Leckie.
Ulwalamano lukaDoyle nothando kunye noSherlock Holmes
Ngo-1891 uArthur Conan UDoyle uvakalisile kwileta eyayisiya kunina que uphawu lwe UHolmes "wayenxibe ingqondo yakhe". Nangona kunjalo-ngaphandle kokubhubha komcuphi, kubaliswa ngaye Ingxaki yokugqibela-, umbhali waseScotland wakhupha amabali malunga neHolmes kude kube ngo-1927 (Ugcino lweSherlock Holmes). Ngapha koko, uDoyle wasweleka eNgilani kwiminyaka nje emithathu emva kolo papasho, ngoJulayi 7, 1930.
Ngayiphi na imeko, UDoyle waboniswa ngokubanzi ukuba "angaxhomekeki" kwiHolmes ukwenza amabali amnandi kunye nempumelelo yokuhlela. Phakathi kwazo, zibalasele iincwadi ezintandathu ezazibalaselisa uNjingalwazi uMngeni, iinoveli zakhe zembali--Ilitye likaRodney (1896), umzekelo-kunye ne-manifesto ezinje Imfazwe enkulu yeBhulu (Ngo-1900). Le yokugqibela yamkela umbhali wase-Edinburgh isihloko se- mhlekazi.
Uluhlu lweHolmesian Canon
Amabali angamashumi amahlanu anesithandathu aqokelelwe kwiiqoqo ezintlanu kunye neenoveli ezine ezenza into ebizwa ngokuba yi-Holmesian canon eyenziwe ngu-Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Ngokumalunga nokufundwa kwamabali aneenkwenkwezi uSherlock Holmes, zimbini iindlela ezicetywayo.
Eyokuqala ibhekisa kwincwadi engobomi bomcuphi, kubandakanya ulandelelwano oluhambelanayo lokufa kwakhe okuzenzekelayo kunye nokubonakala kwakhona okulandelayo. Okwesibini indlela yokusondela kwi-holmesian canon es ngokwexesha lokukhutshwa kuboniswe ngezantsi (izihloko ezingaboniswanga njengeenoveli ziyahambelana nengqokelela yamabali):
- Funda kwi-Scarlet (1887). Inoveli.
- Umqondiso wesine (1890). Inoveli.
- IiAdventures zikaSherlock Holmes (1892)
- Iinkumbulo zikaSherlock Holmes (1903)
- Indawo yokuzingela yaseBaskerville (1901-1902). Inoveli.
- Ukubuya kukaSherlock Holmes (1903)
- Intlambo yoloyiko (1914-1916). Inoveli.
- Isaphetha sakhe sokugqibela (1917)
- Ugcino lweSherlock Holmes (1927)
USherlock Holmes ngobomi
Ngokwezikhokelo zemibhalo kaDoyle, uSherlock Holmes wazalwa ngonyaka we-1854. Wayengunyana womnini mhlaba waseNgilandi kunye nomntu obhinqileyo owayezalwa ngamagcisa eGallic. Wayenabantakwabo bobabini: uSherrinford (ongakhankanywanga ngokupheleleyo kwi-Holmesian canon) kunye neMycroft.
Wafumana imfundo ephakamileyo kwizifundo zekhemistri, amayeza, umthetho kunye nomculo kwiyunivesithi ethile yodumo yase-UK (UDoyle akachazi ngqo ukuba yeyiphi). Kanye ngelo xesha kanye njengomfundi waseyunivesithi apho uHolmes aqala khona umsebenzi wakhe wobucuphi, kunye nemisebenzi yeqonga.
Iimpawu zobuntu
Emva kokuhlala kwakhe eyunivesithi, uHolmes wafudukela kufutshane neMyuziyam yaseBritane ukulungiselela ukuncedisa izifundo zakho zesayensi. Okwangoku, wadibana noGqirha Watson —Wabelana naye iminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini anesithathu yobomi bakhe— kwilabhoratri yeSibhedlele iSaint Bartholomew ngo-1881. ichaze ngezi mpawu zilandelayo:
- Uncwadi lweTabloid fan. Nangona ngamanye amaxesha wayebhekisa kubabhali abanjengoGoethe, La Rochefoucaud okanye uJean-Paul.
- Ubungqina obungenalwazi malunga ne-Astronomy kunye ne-Philosophy, ukuqonda okuncinci kwezopolitiko kunye neziseko malunga nomthetho waseBritane.
- Wayeyingcali kwikhemistri kwaye wayedlala ivayolin ngendlela ebalaseleyo.
- Uzibonakalisile ukuba unolwazi oluphangaleleyo ngezityalo (ngakumbi kwimicimbi enxulumene neetyhefu kunye neziyobisi), nangona wayeyityeshele imicimbi efana nezolimo.
- Ubonakalise ulwazi olusisiseko malunga nokwakheka komhlaba kunye nokwakheka komhlaba.
- Ingcali yamanqindi kunye nefencer.
Abanye abalinganiswa kunye nezinye izinto ezinomdla
Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, UHolmes akawamkelanga umahluko mhlekazi (Knight of the Empire), kodwa wamkela uMkhosi weMbeko ngendlela egciniweyo. Ngokumalunga nabasetyhini, umcuphi wayehlala ekrokrela kakhulu kubo kunye neentetho zobuhle, intlonipho kunye nokuncoma. Ngokukodwa kwisithandwa sakhe u-Irene Adler.
I-nemesis enobuchule obukhethekileyo bobukrelekrele
Unjingalwazi oqaqambileyo uMoriarty yayingu-Holmes's nemesis, kunye nesizathu sokubhubha kwakhe (okubonakalayo) kwingxangxasi yaseReichenbach, eSwitzerland. Nangona kunjalo, umcuphi ophambili waphinda wavela kwiminyaka emithathu kamva Ukubuya kukaSherlock Holmes (1903), ngakumbi kwimeko ye- Indlu engenanto.
Umhlalaphantsi
Emva kokuthatha umhlala-phantsi emsebenzini wakhe wophando, UHolmes wafudukela eSussex, eNgilani, ukuba azinikele ekufundeni ifilosofi kunye nokufuya iinyosi. (Wade wabhala incwadi eneenkcukacha zokugcina inyosi.) Ngapha koko, wayenethuba lokusombulula ngamathuba elinye ityala elibalulekileyo Ubumnandi bemane yengonyama (1907).
Ekugqibeleni, U-Holmes uthathe inxaxheba ekucwangcisweni kobuchule obuntsonkothileyo bokukhokela kwiminyaka eyakhokelela kwiMfazwe Enkulu.. Emva kowe-1914 akukho ngxelo (ngaphakathi kwe-Holmesian canon) yobomi bomphandi odumileyo kwimbali yoncwadi.
Ukufundwa komyalelo wekhompyutheni kaHolmesian ngokwe-biography yomcuphi
- I-corvette uGloria Scott
- Isithethe saseMusgrave
- Funda kwi-Scarlet
- Ibhendi yamachaphaza
- Isigulana esihlala apho
- Isidanga sasebukhosini
- Ukonwaba kwebala lesibini
- IiRegires zeRege
- Ihlazo eBohemia
- Indoda enomlomo ojijekileyo
- Iimbewu ezintlanu zeorenji
- Ityala lesazisi
- UManyano lweeRedheads
- Ukhenketho loMcuphi oSwelekayo
- Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
- Intlambo yeNkqantosi
- Ubuso obutyheli
- Itoliki yesiGrike
- Umqondiso wesine
- Indawo yokugcina izilwanyana eBaskerville
- Imfihlakalo yeCopper Beeches
- Imfihlakalo yeNtlambo yaseBoscombe
- UMabhalane weStockbroker
- Isivumelwano somkhosi wamanzi
- Ibhokisi yebhokisi
- Ubhontsi wenjineli
- Indoda elungisiweyo
- IWisteria Lodge Adventure
- Inkwenkwezi yesilivere
- Isithsaba seBeryl
- Ingxaki yokugqibela
- Ubumnandi bendlu engenanto
- Ukhenketho lweiglasi zegolide
- Ubumnandi baba bafundi bathathu
- Ubumnandi bomkhweli webhayisikile onesizungu
- Ubungangamsha bukaPeter "El Negro"
- Ukhenketho lukaNorwood Builder
- Izicwangciso zeBruce-Partington
- Ukhenketho lomqeshi weqhiya
- I-Sussex Vampire Adventure
- Ubumnandi bomdlali ongekhoyo
- Abbey Grange's Ukhenketho
- Inyawo likaMtyholi Ukuzonwabisa
- Ubunono boonopopi
- Umenzi wombala odla umhlala-phantsi
- UCharles Augustus Milverton
- Ukhenketho lweeNapoleon ezintandathu
- Ingxaki yebhulorho yeThor
- Ubumnandi besikolo sokuqala
- Shoscombe Indawo yakudala eNdwendwela
- Ukhenketho lweeGarridebs ezintathu
- Ukunyamalala kukaLady Frances Carfax
- Ukhenketho lwaBathengi oluBalaseleyo
- Ubumnandi boBomvu
- Ijoni elinezikhumba ezimnyama
- Ubumnandi beTres Frontons
- Ukhenketho lwelitye leMazarin
- Indoda erhubuluzayo
- Ubumnandi bemane yengonyama
- Umbuliso wokugqibela