Friedrich Nietzsche akatorwa
Friedrich Nietzsche akanga ari muzivi, mudetembi, wekare, munyori, uye purofesa weyunivhesiti akaberekerwa mune yaimbova nyika yePrussia. Basa reuzivi raNietzsche rave nepesvedzero huru pakufunga nehunhu hwenzanga yanhasi. Saizvozvowo, purofesa anogara achitaurwa mutsika dzokuMadokero, nemhaka yematauriro aaiita nyaya dzakadai sechitendero kana sayenzi.
Mimwe misoro inodzokororwa mumabhuku aNietzsche inhamo, nhoroondo, mimhanzi uye hunyanzvi zvakazara.. Mamwe mazita emunyori anonyanyoverengwa ndeaya Yakadaro Zarathustra, Kunze Kwezvakanaka Nezvakaipa, El antikristu, sainzi yengochani o Pamusoro peGenealogy yeTsika. Friedrich, seasina mumwe munguva yake, akaunza huwandu hwehupenyu hwakagadziridza kufunga kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX.
Synopsis yeanonyanya kufarirwa mabasa aFriedrich Nietzsche
Die fröhliche Wissenschaft - sainzi yengochani (1882)
Ichi chinyorwa cheuzivi naNietzsche chinovhara nguva yake yakaipa-ndiko kuti, achireva kutsoropodzwa kwechiKristu metaphysics-uye inozarura nzira kune imwe nzvimbo yake-yaanoedza kuvaka tsika itsva. Mubhuku, munyori anotaura kuti chiKristu chinogadzira sei chisipo pamusoro penyika nehupenyu hurimo. Friedrich akataura kuti chitendero ichi chaiva pfungwa yevanhu vasina simba vane tsika dzisina chokwadi uye dzakashata.
Kuburikidza nerugwaro urwu, munyori anosiya patafura kufa kwesimba rinoraira renyonganiso nemukana, kurasikirwa kwepakati axis. Nietzsche anoburitsawo psychology inotonga chimiro chemunhu. Kusiyana nezvinotaurwa nechitendero, sainzi yengochani inozivisa kuti chiKristu ndicho chine mhosva yeidi rokuti vanhu havana kusununguka.
Uyewo Sprach Zarathustra. Ein Buch für Alle und Keinen - Akadaro Zarathustra. Bhuku remunhu wese uye hapana (1883 - 1885)
Iri bhuku rehuzivi rinoonekwa se basa guru weNietzsche. Mubhuku, Mudzidzisi anotaura pfungwa dzake huru kuburikidza nepfungwa dzaZarathustra, muzivi wengano akafuridzirwa naZoroaster., muporofita wekare weIran muvambi weMazdaism. Basa racho rinoumbwa nezvikamu zvina izvo, zvakare, zvakakamurwa kuva zvikamu zvakawanda.
Misoro mikuru yebhuku ndeiyi: rufu rwaMwari, Übermensch, chido chemasimba uye kudzoka kwehupenyu husingaperi.. Kusvikira chikamu chechitatu, zvitsauko zvakasununguka kubva kune mumwe nemumwe, uye zvinogona kuverengwa zvakasiyana uye mune yakanyanya kurongeka kune munyori. Zvakadaro, chikamu chechina chine nyaya diki dzinowedzera kugadzira nyaya imwe chete yakawandisa.
Jenseits von Gut und Böse. Vorspiel einer Philosophie der Zukunft - Kupfuura Zvakanaka neZvakaipa. Nhanganyaya yehuzivi hweramangwana (1886)
Inofungidzirwa izvozvo Kunze Kwezvakanaka Nezvakaipa Icho chimwe chezvinyorwa zvikuru zvezana remakore rechiXNUMX. Ichi chinyorwa chehunhu inogona kutorwa sekunatswa mukati pfungwa youzivi weNietzsche, yakadhindwa mubhuku Yakadaro Zarathustra. Rugwaro rwakabhadharwa nemunyori pachake, uye rwakanga rusina ruzivo rwakanyanya panguva yekubudiswa kwayo. Zvisinei, gare gare zvaizopa zvakawanda zvokutaura nezvazvo.
Mukutongwa, nyanduri anovandudza tsoropodzo pamusoro pezvaaiti ndezvepamusoro uye kusafarira hunhu hwevamwe vake. Maererano nemaitiro aFriedrich, pakanga paine kushaikwa kukuru kwemaitiro eavo vaizviti tsika. Nenzira yakafanana, muzivi anotsanangura kuti vanhu ivavo vakaratidza kusava nehanya nokungogamuchira tsika dzechiJudha nedzechiKristu dzakagarwa nhaka kubva kune dzimwe nguva.
Zur Genealogie der Morale: Eine Streitschrift - The genealogy of moral: A polemical writing (1887)
Chimwe chezvinangwa zvikuru zvebhuku iri pamusoro petsika chaive chekubata zvakanangana nenhau dzakasimudzwa murondedzero. Kunze Kwezvakanaka Nezvakaipa. Nenzira ine gakava uye titanic, Nietzsche anotanga kutsoropodza tsika dzenguva yaakararama. Nyanduri akaita basa iri kubva mukudzidza kwake pamusoro pemitemo yetsika inoratidzika sekutonga kuMadokero kubva pakuuya kwe. Uzivi socratic
Friedrich anozvibvunza mibvunzo yakati wandei munhanganyaya yebasa rake. Aya ndiwo mamwe awo: “Munhu akagadzira mitongo iyi yakanaka neipi?”, “Mashoko akanaka neakaipa ndeapi?”, “Uye ane kukosha kwei iwo pachawo? Muchinyorwa chose, munyori anoedza kupindura mibvunzo yose iyi kuburikidza nekufunga kwake, iyo yakanga isina ushamwari zvikuru nefungidziro youmwari.
Der Antikristu, Fluch auf das Christentum - Antikristu, chituko pachiKristu 1888 - 1895
Kunyangwe rakanyorwa muna 1888, basa iri rakabudiswa muna 1895, sezvo zviri mukati maro zvakaonekwa seane nharo. Muchinyorwa, kutsoropodza kwechiKristu sepfungwa kunoitika. Mukuwedzera, munyori anotaura pamusoro pemafungiro emazuva ano akadai sedemocracy kana egalitarianism, madingindira airatidzika kwaari semugumisiro wakananga wemafungiro echiKristu, izvo, zvakare, Nietzsche akafunga chikonzero chezvakaipa zvose.
Munyori werondedzero akasimbisa kuti uipi hunoramba huripo, vanhu vanotambura, munhu anodzvinyirirwa..., zvose nemhaka youzivi hwechiKristu nepesvedzero yahwo. Munyori anoshandisa mupositora Pauro semuenzaniso, uyo akaisa ruzhinji muuranda kuti awane simba. Zvose kureva masocialists, aakadana kuti "vaKristu vechokwadi vatsva."
Munyori akati: “Kana nzvimbo yepakati yegiravhiti yehupenyu yakaiswa kwete muhupenyu, asi mu "mhiri" -mukusavapo-, zvinobvisa muupenyu kazhinji pakati pesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi".
Nezve munyori, Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche
Friedrich Nietzsche
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche akaberekerwa muRöcken, Prussia, muna 1844. MuGermany munyori werondedzero, mudetembi, munyori wenziyo, mudzidzisi, nyanzvi yezvidzidzo zvechinyakare, uye munyori, uyewo mumwe wevazivi vanokosha zvikuru uye vadzidzi kubvira pakuvambwa kwemabasa ake. . Kazhinji kazhinji, Anozivikanwa nekuve ane mhosva yekutsoropodza kwakadzidziswa kwekufunga kwechiKristu, mukuwedzera kutsika nouzivi zvenguva yake.
Muzivi akapesvedzerwa nemumwe mudzidzisi mukuru we nihilist: Arthur Schopenhauer, uyo Nietzsche akafunga mudzidzisi wake - kunyangwe asina kutevedzera mitsara yaArthur uye kufunga: -.
NdiFriedrich uyo anonzi ane nzvimbo inozivikanwa kwazvo: "Mwari akafa". Uyu mutsara unoreva kuparadzwa kwematunhu eguta senzira yehurumende uye kurongeka kwavakabata vakazvimirira.
Mamwe Mabhuku Anozivikanwa eNietzsche
- Über Wahrheit und Lüge im aussermoralischen Sinne - Pamusoro pechokwadi uye nenhema mupfungwa yekunze (1873);
- Menschliches, Allzumenschliches. Ein Buch für freee Geister - Munhu, vanhuwo zvavo. Bhuku remweya yemahara (1878);
- Morgenröthe. Gedanken über die moraschen Vorurtheile - Kufungisisa pamusoro pekusarura kwetsika (1881);
- Götzen-Dämmerung, oder: Wie man mit dem Hammer philosophirt - Kuvira kwezuva kwezvidhori, kana kuti maziviro anoitwa nesando (1889);
- Ecce Homo. Wie man wird, was man is - Ecce homo. Kuti uve zvauri (1889).