Kuti unzwisise nhetembo unofanira kuziva zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoiumba. Nhetembo inyanzvi uye inotevedza nhevedzano yemirau iyo nyanduri anonyatsoziva uye muverengi akanaka wenhetembo anoda kuziva zvakawanda.. Ichokwadi kuti mumakumi emakore achangopfuura uye makore mitemo yagara ichitevera rudzi rwekunyora iyi yave ichichinja. Asi mitemo iyi inofanira kutanga yanzwisiswa kuti usarudze gare gare rudzi rwenhetembo rwaunoda kugadzira, kanawo kufarira kuverenga.
Metric yenhetembo inoumbwa nezvinhu zvinoti pane imwe nguva tose tinodzidza kuchikoro; uye kuti isu tichiri kuuya pakurangarira nhasi nekubudirira kwakawanda kana kushoma nekudzika. Muchinyorwa chino tinounganidza mitemo mikuru mune metric yenhetembo.
Mafungiro ekutanga: ndima, stanza uye nhetembo
Mavhesi ndiwo mumwe nemumwe wemitsara izvo zvinoumba mutumbi wezvinyorwa zvenhetembo uye izvo zvinoenderana nechiyero.
Stanza, inodaro Royal Spanish Academy iyo "imwe neimwe yezvikamu inoumbwa nenhamba imwe chete yendima uye yakarongwa nenzira yakafanana nedzimwe nziyo dzenhetembo.
Nhetembo, saka, chimiro chakakwana. Inogona kuva nehurefu hwakasiyana zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemavhesi uye rudzi rwevhesi payakaitwa.
Chiyereso chinoshandiswa kukwanisa kuyera nhetembo, uye ndima dzayo nenheyo dzinopimwa. Zvinobatsira kugadzira chinyorwa chedetembo. Ndosaka zvakakosha kuziva metric kana chatinoda kunyora nhetembo kana kuiongorora. Metric ine zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoyera mavhesi nenhanho: rhyme iyo vhesi inowanzova nayo inogona kuva makonzonendi kana masisitimu, eunyanzvi hukuru kana hudiki zvichienderana nenhamba yezvinyaudzo, izvo zvine chimiro chekuyera.
rhyme yemakonzonendi
Mutinhimira wemakonzonendi nderimwe umo mazwi ekupedzisira anoita rhyme achienderana, kureva kuti, inopindirana nemanzwi ekonsonanti nemavhawero. Muenzaniso:
[…] muviri wako uchaenda, kwete kutarisira kwakomhere-mhere;
Vachave madota, asi zvichave zvine musoro;
vachava guruva, guruva murudomhere-mhere".
Assonance rhyme inobvumirana chete pamavhawero. Muenzaniso:
Hapana chinyorwa alguna,
uko kunogara kukanganwa,
pachava net yanguumba.
Mavhesi ediki art uye huru art
madiki art verses
Aya mavhesi ane zvirevo zvinosvika sere. Mutauro weSpanish, nekuda kwe cadence uye rhythm, une syllable sere sevhesi par kugona kwayo. Iwo madiki art mavhesi akakamurwa kuita:
- 2 masirabhi: bisílabo.
- 3 syllables: trisyllable.
- 4 syllables: tetrasyllable.
- 5 syllables: pentasílabo
- 6 syllables hexasílabo.
- 7 syllables: heptasílabo
- 8 syllables: octosyllable.
mavhesi makuru eunyanzvi
Spamavhesi anoumbwa nemabhii anopfuura masere. Muunyanzvi hwepamusoro muchiSpanish, vhesi rehendecasyllabic rinomira pachena (zvakare nekuda kwesimba reItaly) iro rinowanzosanganiswa nemamwe mavhesi eunyanzvi muzvinyorwa zvenhetembo. Mavhesi emhando huru ndeaya anotevera:
- 9 syllables: eneasílabo.
- 10 syllables: decasyllable.
- 11 syllables: hendecasyllable.
- 12 syllables: dodecasyllable.
- 13 syllables: tridecasílabo.
- 14 syllables: Alexandria.
Mazwi akajeka uye akajeka
Mazwi akajeka ari muchiSpanish akanyanya kuwanda. Muchinyorwa chedetembo havawedzeri kana kubvisa izwi rekupedzisira rakapfava revhesi. Muenzaniso:
"Yekupedzisira [11 syllables] inogona kuvhara maziso angu." "Pos-tré-ra" ishoko rakati sandara risingawedzeri imwe syllable mudetembo.
Pane zvakasiyana, nhetembo dzine mavhesi anopera nezwi rakasimba kana kuti esdrújula inoshandura nhamba yezvinyaudzo. Palabras agudas wedzera syllable imwe uye esdrújulas kubvisa imwe pachinzvimbo.
Muenzaniso wemashoko akapinza: "Mapenzi varume vanopomera [7+1 = 8] / vakadzi pasina chikonzero [7+1 = 8]".
Muenzaniso wemashoko esdrújula: «Ndinoyeuka kuti kune nyika uye kuti kune misodzi [12-1 = 11]».
metric marezinesi
sinalefa
Zvinoitika kuti mundima izwi rinogona kupera nevhawero uye rinotevera zvakare. Muchiitiko ichi, chiratidzo chinoumbwa, kureva, vhawero yekupedzisira neyekutanga zvinobatanidzwa, zvichiita sirabhi imwe chete. Muenzaniso: shizhaamhepo (shizha kumhepo).
umlaut
Iyo diaeresis inoonekwa zvakanyanya nekuti munyori anoisa nemaune, ndiko kuti, inokonzeresa mavhawero maviri anofanira kuenda pamwechete kuti aparadzane kuita masyllables maviri. Iko kubviswa kwe diphthong. Nenzira iyi, uye sezvinoitikawo nemamwe marezinesi, mudetembi anowana metric inodiwa. Muenzaniso: Tri-Mukurumbira-fo.
syneresis
Izvo zvinopesana ne diaeresis. Syneresis inobatanidza mavhawero maviri ayo pamusimboti aizofanira kupatsanurwa nekuti ivo havaite musikirwo diphthong. Muenzaniso :peor/poeehe.
Hiatus
Iyo hiatus inofungidzira zvinopesana nesinalefa. Mavhawero maviri anofanirwa kubatana (izwi-yekupedzisira vowel uye izwi-rinotevera mavhawero) haaite. Muenzaniso: fungaa + en.
Mhando huru dze stanza
In inotevera chinyorwa uchawana mhando huru dze stanza: couplet, tercet, soleá, quartet, redondilla, serverntesio, quatrain, copla, seguidilla, cuaderna vía, limerick, quintet, lyre, sextet, sextilla, broken foot couplet, yechisere chaiyo, chegumi kana spinel, sonnet, romance, silva.
Kuongorora kwe "Rudo Rwose, kupfuura rufu"
Tevere tichaongorora nhetembo yaFrancisco de Quevedo. Iro sonnet, iyi ichimiro che strophic chakakamurwa kuita maviri quatrains uye maviri matatu matatu, ane consonant rhyme.. Nenzira iyi tichakwanisawo kuratidza nzira yekuratidza nhamba yezvinyaudzo mundima, rhyme uye chimiro che stanza. Unogona ipapo kutarisa mavara makuru anoenderana nehendecasyllables, kureva, arte meya (dai paiva nemavara maduku taizotarisana nemagwaro maduku). Saizvozvo, iwe unoonawo kuti nhetembo dzinobatanidzwa sei uye kuti nhanho dzakarongwa sei. Semuenzaniso, nhetembo iyi ine chimiro chemetric chinotevera: ABBA ABBA CDC DCD.
Dai maziso angu avhara kwekupedzisira [A]
mumvuri kuti zuva jena richanditora, [B]
uye uchakwanisa kusunungura mweya wangu uyu [B]
nguva yezvido zvake zvekuzvidya mwoyo kubata kumeso; [A]
asi kwete, kune rumwe rutivi, pamhenderekedzo, [A]
ichasiya ndangariro, kwayakapisa: [B]
kushambira kunoziva murazvo wangu mvura inotonhora, [B]
uye kurasikirwa nekuremekedza mutemo wakaoma. [A]
Mweya waive mwari wejeri, [C]
tsinga dzinoseka kune moto wakawanda wapa, [D]
mwongo wakapisa nokubwinya, [C]
muviri wako uchaenda, kwete kutarisira kwako; [D]
vachava madota, asi zvine musoro; [C]
vachava guruva, guruva murudo. [D]