Stanza ipfungwa yemetric inoronga mhando dzendima uye nzira dzadzo dzekuiswa mumapoka. muurongwa hwenhetembo. Haana kugovaniswa nenzira yakafanana nendima uye zvakakosha kuti tiongorore marongero azvo nokuti nhetembo inobva pairi, rudzi rwenhetembo kana iine imwe, mutinhimira nehurefu hwenhanganyaya nendima dzayo.
Kana iri Royal Spanish Academy, inotsanangura stanza se "chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu zvinoumbwa nenhamba imwechete yemavhesi uye yakarongedzerwa nenzira yakafanana nedzimwe nziyo dzenhetembo". Asi pasina kupokana nzira yakanakisa yekunzwisisa kuti stanza chii nekuona mhando dzakasiyana dziripo. Isu tinofumura mhando huru dze stanza.
couplet
Stanza inoumba ndima mbiri dzine mutinhimira wemakonzonendi. Ndiro vhesi rakapfava uye rinogona kukurumidza kubatanidzwa nezvirevo zvakakurumbira.
Muenzaniso: "uyo anonyara, / haadyi kana kudya kwemasikati"
katatu
Mavhesi matatu eunyanzvi hukuru (hendecasyllabic) ane rhyme yekonzonendi uye dzimwe nguva anoita seanozvimiririra stanza mukati mechikamu chikuru chedetembo.
Muenzaniso: "Asi ndakakutambudza. Ndakabvarura tsinga dzangu / dindingwe uye njiva pachiuno chako / mumakwikwi ekurumwa nemaruva» (F. García Lorca).
Solea
Kuumbwa kwemavhesi matatu ane hukama nenhetembo yakakurumbira yeAndalusia. Iwo madiki mavhesi eunyanzvi mune assonance rhyme.
Muenzaniso: «Ndine chido uye tsitsi. / Kusuwa kunoda kuti ndirarame; Kuda kuti ndife" (Manuel Machado).
Quartet
Kuumbwa nemavhesi mana ehendecasyllabic kana art huru ine consonant rhyme.
Muenzaniso: "Muumambo hupi, muzana ripi, pasi pei kunyarara / kubatanidzwa kwenyeredzi, pazuva ripi rakavanzika / iyo marble isina kuponesa, iyo yakashinga / uye imwe pfungwa yekugadzira mufaro yakamuka?" (Jorge Luis Borges).
redondilla
Kuiswa mumapoka mavhesi mana ane syllable rhyme (yekutanga nechina, yechitatu neyechipiri).
Muenzaniso: "Njiva chena yerunyararo, / yehondo inoratidza magumo, / tifukidze nechiedza chemangwanani / rega kuuraya kwakashata".
Serventesian
Ndima ina dzezvinyaudzo gumi nerimwe zvine rhyme yemakonzonendi; anoita nhetembo ndima yekutanga neyechitatu neyechipiri nevhesi rechina.
Muenzaniso: "Ndini uyo ndakangoti nezuro / vhesi yebhuruu uye rwiyo rusina maturo, / mune husiku maiva nenightingale / iyo yaiva lark yechiedza mangwanani" ( Rubén Darío ).
quatrain
Zvakafanana neredondilla, iyo quatrain zvakare ina octosyllabic mavhesi, asi yechipiri neyechina ndima ine rhyme mu assonance.
Muenzaniso: "Chiedza chemweya, chiedza chaMwari, / imba yemwenje, tochi, nyeredzi, zuva ... / Murume anofamba achitsvanzvadzira; anotakura mwenje kumusana kwake» (Antonio Machado).
Couplet
Kuumbwa kwenhetembo kwemavhesi mana ediki art uye assonance rhyme. Zvakanyanya kuwanikwa munziyo dzakakurumbira.
Muenzaniso: "Handizivi kuti mhepo inoti chii, / handizivi kuti gungwa rinoti chii, / asi pandinotarisa pakatarisa / ndinogara ndichitanga kuchema."
Seguidilla
Iwo mavhesi eheptasyllabic uye pentasyllabic uye assonance rhyme.
Muenzaniso: "Zvakanaka, iwe unofamba muzvanza, / ngirozi tsvene, / mwana wangu anorara, / ane matavi" ( Lope de Vega).
Sash
Mavhesi mana eAlexandria (14 syllables) uye consonant rhyme. Imhando ye stanza yakashandiswa zvakanyanya muMiddle Ages (XNUMXth-XNUMXth mazana emakore).
Muenzaniso: «Akanga ari mufundisi ari nyore, mufundisi murombo / akati cutiano Missa de la Santa María; / Ndakanga ndisingazivi nzira yekutaura imwe, ndakazvitaura zuva nezuva, / ndaizviziva zvakanyanya kuburikidza nekushandisa kupfuura neuchenjeri »(Gonzalo de Berceo).
limerick
Kuumbwa kwemavhesi mashanu ediki art (octosyllables) uye consonant rhyme. Inogona kuratidza mametric akasiyana.
Muenzaniso: "Ini handitombofungi waini chena / makore makumi mana seyakanaka / semuromo wako unonhuhwirira: / kuti, saishe rosi, / waini inonhuhwirira yemunhu akaipa" ( Lope de Vega).
Quintet
Chimiro chenhetembo chakafanana nerimerick, asi nendima dzeunyanzvi hukuru; rhyme ine makonzonendi zvakare. Inopa kusiyanisa kwe limerick.
Muenzaniso: "Humwe husiku baba vangu, ndinonzwa semwana, / kuona kusuwa kuchindidya, / nemitsara inongoraira rudo, / yakatanga chiporofita chemagumo angu, / humwe husiku baba vangu, ndinonzwa semwana" (Julián weImba).
Lira
Kubatanidzwa kwemavhesi mashanu eheptasyllabic uye hendecasyllabic ane rhyme yemakonzonendi. Kwakatangira iItalian uye inogonawo kuzivikanwa nezita rekuti "hafu yekugara".
Muenzaniso: "Kana mbira yangu yakaderera / yaigona kuita ruzha rwakanyanya, zvekuti munguva pfupi / yaizonyaradza kutsamwa / kwemhepo ine mweya, / uye hasha dzegungwa rinofamba" (Garcilaso De la Vega).
Sextet
Kune ndima nhanhatu dzeunyanzvi hukuru uye rhyme yemakonzonendi. Panogona kunge paine misiyano.
Muenzaniso: "Mutsara wevaseminari vanofora, / machira asina kupfeka senge sopistas, / marariro matatu, kusviba kwegomo. / Boka remanyurusi ane gable / dema uye stilted, pasina mafaro emuchato, / uye muleteer anoimba rwiyo rweAragonese» (Ramón del Valle-Inclán).
sextuplet
Mavhesi matanhatu ediki art uye consonant rhyme. Kufanana ne sextet, inogonawo kuratidza metric scheme ine kusiyana.
Muenzaniso: "Kudzikama kwakadzika, kuzviisa pasi / kumutemo, uye mumuromo wakapfava / mupfupi, kunyemwerera / kwakajeka, kusinganzwisisike, / kuvhenekera, kusingafungidzire, / ruvara rwenyanga dzenzou" (Amado Nervo).
Yakaputsika tsoka couplet
Kuumbwa kunonziwo "copla manriqueña" nemunyori Jorge Manrique (zana ramakore rechi XNUMX). Inoumbwa neoctosyllabic uye tetrasyllabic verses, uye rhyme yaro ndeyekonsonanti. Svetuka, saka, vhesi pfupi kana diki ine refu kana huru.
Muenzaniso wezvikamu zviviri: «Yeuka mweya wakarara, / mutsa uropi uye kumuka / kufungisisa / kuti upenyu hunopfuura sei, / kuti rufu rwunouya sei / rwakanyarara sei, / kuti mafaro anokurumidza sei kusiya, / sei, mushure mekubvumirana, / anopa marwadzo; / sei, mumaonero edu, / chero nguva yapfuura / yaive nani» (Jorge Manrique).
yehumambo yechisere
Iyo inozivikanwa zvakare nezita rekuti "chisere rhyme". Iseti yemavhesi masere ehendecasyllabic. Yechisere chaiyo yakakamurwa kuva ndima nhanhatu ine rhyme inotsinhanisa uye mubatanidzwa unoumbwa nendima mbiri dzekupedzisira.
Muenzaniso: «Mufaro uri kurota pandinomutsa zviroto / mwoyo wemunhu tariro yake, / pfungwa dzake dzinobata kumeso kunyemwerera kwenhema, / uye kunaka kwazvino kunosvika kune ramangwana; / uye mushure memhepo uye inopenya banner / yekushingairira, mweya unotangwa / pasi pedenga rechiedza nemavara, / minda kupenda maruva anonhuhwirira» (José de Espronceda).
chegumi kana musana
Kuumbwa kwemavhesi gumi ane syllables ane rhyme yemakonzonendi.
Muenzaniso: «Mupfumi anorota pfuma yake, / anomupa hanya zvakanyanya; / anorota murombo ari kutambudzika / nhamo yake nourombo hwake; / anorota uyo anotanga kubudirira, / anorota uyo anorwa uye anoedzesera; / anorota uyo anotadzira uye anogumbura; / uye munyika, mukupedzisa, / munhu wose anorota zvavari / kunyange zvazvo pasina munhu anonzwisisa "(Calderón de la Barca).
Sonnet
Kubatanidzwa kwemavhesi gumi nemana eunyanzvi hukuru (hendecasyllables), akagoverwa sezvinotevera: maviri quatrains uye maviri matatu matatu. Yakasimuka muMiddle Ages uye yakapararira zvikuru kuburikidza nemutauro wechiSpanish.
Muenzaniso: «Ichando chinopisa, moto wakaoma, / ironda rinorwadza uye risinganzwiki, / ihope dzakanaka, huipi huripo, / inguva yakaneta zvikuru kuzorora kwenguva pfupi. / Ndiko kutarisisa kunotipa hanya, / mbwende, ine zita reushingi, / kufamba uri wega pakati pevanhu, / rudo rwekuda kudiwa chete. / Irwo rusununguko rwakasungwa, / runogara kusvika parasis yekupedzisira, / chirwere chinokura kana chapora. / Uyu ndiye mwana Rudo, uyu ndiye gomba rake. / Tarisa kuti hushamwari hupi huchava nechinhu / uyo anopesana naye mune zvose! (Francisco de Quevedo).
Rudo
Kubva kuSpanish mabviro, ine nhamba isina kutsanangurwa yemavhesi masere-syllable ane assonance rhyme (iwo akaenzana) uye vhezheni yakasununguka (asinganzwisisike). Madingindira akasiyana-siyana, kunyangwe zvazvo ari rondedzero yenhetembo. Kudanana kwakawanda kwasvika mazuva edu tisingazive.
Chidimbu cherudo: "Pakati pemabhiza akasununguka / eZenetes akakundwa, / akatsvaga mumaruwa / pakati pezvitsvuku negirini, / muSpain uyu weOran / bhiza rakasununguka rinobata, / nekuchema kwaro / uye nekuchema kwayo. matsimba ane simba, nokumutora, nokutapa Moori, iye wakatapa, mukuru wavaZenete vane zana. / Pabhiza rakareruka / ivo vari vaviri vanokwira, uye anoratidzika, / ane makumbo mana, akakuvadzwa, / kuti mhepo ina dzinomufambisa. / Zvinosuruvarisa kuti alarm inofamba, / uye yakadzika sezvainogona / inokanda kugomera kwakanyanya / uye inodonhedza misodzi inovava […]» (Luis de Góngora).
Silva
Metric fomu umo mavhesi akasiyana eheptasyllabic uye hendecasyllabic anoteerana (angave akareba kana kupfupika). Mavhesi anogona kuva nenhetembo dzakasiyana.
Chimedu chesilva: "Kune yekare elm, yakatsemurwa nemheni / uye muhafu yakaora, / nemvura yaApril uye zuva raMay / mamwe mashizha matsva akura. / El ane makore zana pagomo / anonanzva Duero! Moss yeyero / inosvibisa makwati machena / hunde yakaora uye ine huruva. / Hazvizove, semipopori inoimba / inorinda nzira nemhenderekedzo yegungwa. / inogarwa nebrown nightingales» (Antonio Machado).