1984: George Orwell

1984

1984 — pakutanga yaizivikanwa muchiRungu se Gumi nepfumbamwe Makumi masere mana- ibhuku renhema uye rezvematongerwo enyika rakanyorwa nemutsoropodzi weBritish, munyori wezvinyorwa, munyori wenhau uye mutori wenhau Eric Arthur Blair, anozivikanwa zviri nani nezita rake remanyepo: George Orwell. Iri basa rakatanga kubudiswa muna 1949. Iri bhuku rine mukurumbira raOrwell rakaunza nemukurumbira wepfungwa dzakadai seBig Brother, Newspeak uye Thought Police.

Yekutanga zvechokwadi dystopian novel yaive Isu (1924), naZamyatin. Zvisinei, 1984 akauya kumusika sechinhu chikuru chekutengesa, kunyangwe munguva yayo, izvo zvakaita kuti ive shasha yemhando yacho. Saizvozvo, bhuku raOrwell nderimwe reanomiririra zvakanyanya muzana ramakore rapfuura, riri chikamu che100 Books of the Century maererano neLe Monde.

Zvinyorwa zve 1984, naGeorge Orwell

Tsanangudzo pfupi yeOrwellian society

Kurongeka kwechinyorwa kunoitika muna 1984, mune ramangwana reLondon. (nenguva iyo bhuku rakanyorwa, hongu). Iyo yaimbova nyika yeBritish ikozvino chikamu chenharaunda inozivikanwa seAir Belt 1. Iyi Hurumende, zvakare, yakabatanidzwa muHurumende huru yeOceania. Panguva imwe, Sosaiti yeguta iri yakakamurwa kuva mapoka matatu.

Ekupedzisira ndeaya: nhengo dzekunze dzeBato Rimwechete, avo vari vaJehovha mukati mebato denderedzwauye the proles (kuderera kweproletariat). Avo vataurwa pamusoro apa iboka revanhu rinoratidzwa sevanhu vasina maturo. Vanhu ava vanogara vachivaraidzwa uye varombo, uye hurumende inovachengeta vakadaro kuitira kuti pasava nomumwe wavo anopandukira mitemo yavo youdzvinyiriri.

Kutengesa

1984 (Contemporary)

8,50 €

Ona kupiwa Ona maficha

Hondo Runyararo, Rusununguko Huranda, Kusaziva Isimba

Winston Smith murume ane makore 39 okuberekwa anoshandira Bazi reChokwadi -kana Miniver, muNewspeak-, rimwe remasevhisi mana ayo hurumende inokwanisa kuchengetedza hutongi hwayo. Basa racho yemunhu mukuru, uye, seyese, iyo yenzvimbo yake, iri kunyorazve nhoroondo kuti zvienderane nezviitiko zviri kuitika panguva ino. Rimwe zuva, mushure memakore ekushandira Miniver, Winston anoona kuti chimwe chinhu hachikwane.

Paanokwira masitepisi anoenda kuimba yake, achigara achiona zviratidzo zvinoratidza Mukoma, Winston anotora sip of gin, uye anovanza kubva kuMafungiro Mapurisa makamera kuti anyore mubhuku rake redhiyari. Chokwadi chiri nyore chekushandisa mutauro "wechinyakare" chinogona kutongera protagonist kufa., asi, panguva ino, unoita seusina basa nazvo.

Kumanikidza uye kudzvinyirirwa

Kufara uye kuvanzwa, Murume wacho akatanga kutaura zvinhu zvakanga zvaitika kwaari mangwanani iwayo. Akanga ari muUshumiri Hwechokwadi, achigadzirira maminitsi maviri okuvengana kunoitika kamwe chete pazuva. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, nhengo mbiri dzebato dzakaonekwa, murume muhombe nemukadzi mutema uye anoyevedza weMinistry of Novels.

Maminitsi maviri eruvengo anosanganisira kubereka chiso che Emmanuel Goldstein, the call “muvengi wevanhu”. Izvi zvaimbova chikamu cheParty. Zvisinei, akanga apandukira hurumende. Mushure mekubuda, vakaumba Hama, sero revapanduki revanhu veEurasia. Kutaura kwemurume uyu kwakaita kuti vanhu vaivepo, murume mukuru nemukadzi mutema, vatange kuridza mhere, kubva mupfungwa dzavo.

Mupanduki ari mumumvuri

Gare gare, chiso chaBig Brother chakaonekwa pachiratidziro, uye izvo zvakazorodza anenge munhu wese aive mukamuri, kunze kwaWinston, uyo aida kuzviratidza, kunyangwe zvaisaita. Saka, Iyo protagonist yakatanga kufunga nezveHama, uye kana yaivepo chaizvo. Panguva imwe chete yaainyora ndangariro dzake uye zvishuwo zvake asingazivi, murume uyu akanga asina kuziva kuti ainyora "Pasi neBig Brother."

Kutaura chero chinhu chakaipa maererano neBato Rimwechete uye mararamiro eOceanian imhosva inobhadhara nekubuda.. Kureva kuti: nerufu uye nekunyangarika kunotevera. Paanenge agadzirira kuzorora, anosangana nevana vake, vanochengeta unhu hwechisimba zvechokwadi. Zvadaro, munhu mukuru anoenda kunorara, uye anotanga kurota pamusoro pevabereki vake, hanzvadzi yake, uye kuchenesa kwekutanga. Kudzika kwehope kunomusvitsawo kunorota mukadzi mutema.

Rudo nechido zvinorambidzwa

1984 Yakaiswa munharaunda inodzvinyirira, yehudzvanyiriri pasina kana tsitsi kuvanhu nekodzero dzavo.. Pamusoro pezvose zviri pamusoro, izvi zvinogona kusimbiswa kuvonga kune mumwe wevatambi: muzivi anoshanda muNewspeak. Basa guru remurume uyu raiva rokuparadza pfungwa, kubvisa mutauro wakanyorwa uye wakanyorwa wakaoma zvikuru, uye uchitsinhanisa nehafu yemashoko. Zvose izvi, zvakare, zvine chinangwa chekunyengedza varume.

Nezve munyori, Eric Arthur Blair

George Orwell.

Eric Arthur Blair akaberekwa munaJune 25, 1903, muMotihari, British Raj. Iye, maererano nevatsoropodzi vezvinyorwa, mumwe wevanyori vakatanhamara vezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Anozivikanwa zvirinani saGeorge Orwell, munyori uyu anoda chero sumo. Mazhinji emabhuku ake anofemerwa nezviitiko zvake. Mutori wenhau, akawanawo kukanganisa kweBritish imperialism, iyo yaaipokana nayo, kudzivirira, zvakare, democratic socialism.

Mubasa rake rose, Orwell Ainyanya kuzivikanwa nebasa rake semutori wenhau uye munyori wezvinyorwa. Nekudaro, ruzhinji rwevanhu vanouya kubasa rake vanozviita kuburikidza nemabhuku ake. Mupfungwa yekunyora, munyori Akataura kuti akafurirwa zvakanyanya naSomerset Maugham, Jack London, Herman Melville, Charles Dickens naJonathan Swift..

Mamwe mabhuku naGeorge Orwell

Novelas

• Burmese Mazuva - Burmese mazuva (1934);
• Mwanasikana Wemufundisi - Mwanasikana wemufundisi (1935);
• Chengetedza Aspidistra Kubhururuka - Dai aspidistra isafa (1936);
• Kuuya Kumhepo - Enda kumhepo (1939);
• Animal Farm - Kumukira papurazi (1945).

Rondedzero isiriyo

• Pasi uye Kunze muParis neLondon - Hapana chena muParis neLondon (1933);
• Mugwagwa unoenda kuWigan Pier - Nzira inoenda kuWigan Pier (1937);
• Kunamata kuCatalonia - Mutero kuCatalonia (1938);

rondedzero

• A quarterpenny newspaper;
• The pekugara;
• kurembera;
• mu trullo;
• Inn Dzimba;
• Rudyard kipling;
• uraya nzou;
• Ndangariro dzemutengesi wemabhuku;
• Mukudzivirira bhuku;
• Kutsvaga keke yeSpanish;
• Mhinduro isina kudhindwa kune 'Vanyori vanotora divi pahondo yeSpain';
• Zvinyorwa zvemauto eSpain;
• Nei ndakajoina Independent Labour Party;
• Mafungiro ezvematongerwo enyika pamatambudziko;
• Democracy muBritish Army;
• Marrakech;
• Charles Dickens;
• vechidiki vhiki nevhiki;
• Mudumbu me whale;
• Notes pakufamba;
• Mazwi matsva;
• Kumutungamiriri weNguva neTide;
• Nyika yangu, kurudyi kana kuruboshwe;
• Shumba uye unicorn: socialism uye nyanzvi yeEngland;
• Miganho yeunyanzvi uye propaganda;
• Tolstoy uye Shakespeare;
• Zvinorehwa nenhetembo;
• Literature uye totalitarianism;
• Wadiwa Chiremba Goebbels, shamwari dzako dzeBritish dzinodya zvakanaka!!;
• Wells, Hitler uye nyika yenyika;
• Unyanzvi hwaDonald McGill;
• mari nezvombo;
• Rudyard Kipling II;
• Kuwanikwazve kweEurope;
• S.Eliot;
• Ndangariro dzehondo yeSpain;
• Yekufungidzira Hurukuro: George Orwell naJonathan Swift;
• Kushaikwa kwemari: nhoroondo yaGeorge Gissing;
• Mabhuku uye kuruboshwe;
• Masocialists anogona kufara here?
• Vanhu vechirungu;
• Ropafadzo yekutonga. Zvimwe zvinyorwa paSalvador Dalí;
• Mabhuku anodhura zvakanyanya here?
• Raffles naMiss Blandish;
• Propaganda nemutauro;
• Arthur Koestler;
• Tobias Smollet, munyori wemabhuku mukuru weScotland;
• Kunakidzwa, asi kwete zvinonyadzisira;
• Oyster uye stout;
• Mukudzivirira kwePG Wodehouse;
• Antisemitism muEngland;
• Nhetembo uye maikorofoni;
• Zvinyorwa pamusoro penyika;
• Manotsi ega pa'sainzi';
• Press freedom;
• Kutsiva kunorwadza;
• Bhomba reatomu newe;
• Chii chinonzi sainzi?;
• Mabhuku akanaka akaipa;
• Kuparadzwa kwemabhuku;
• Kukumbira ruregerero kwemoto;
• Zvematongerwo enyika neChirungu;
• Mweya wemutambo.