ʻO nā puke 24 koʻikoʻi nui loa i ke ola o Gabriel García Márquez

I ke ola, hoʻohuli nā mea āpau iā mākou, mai nā papahana kīwī a i ʻole nā ​​moʻo e nānā nei mākou, ma o nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a me nā ʻōlelo a ko mākou ʻohana a mau hoaaloha paha i nā puke a mākou e heluhelu ai. ʻĀ, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ʻo Gabriel García Márquez i kēia, ua loaʻa iā ia kāna mau ʻano, a ua ʻike mākou he aha nā puke 24 nui loa i ke ola o kēia mea kākau nui.

Inā makemake ʻoe e ʻike iā lākou, inā makemake ʻoe e ʻike inā ma waena o kēlā mau puke kāu puke punahele a i ʻole ka mea i hōʻailona nui iā ʻoe, e noho a heluhelu i kā mākou ʻatikala. Loaʻa iā mākou nā poʻo inoa a me nā anotations liʻiliʻi i loaʻa iā ia ʻo Gabriel Garcia Márquez hana ʻia ia mau mea i ka manawa o kāna heluhelu ʻana.

"The Magic Mountain" na Thomas Mann

Ua hoʻomaka kēia puke a Thomas Mann e kākau hou ʻia i ka makahiki 1912 akā ʻaʻole i paʻi ʻia a hiki i ka makahiki 1924. ʻO kēia puke akeakamai a me ke aʻo ʻana i ka moʻolelo i ka wā o ka ʻōpio ʻo Hans Castorp i loko o kahi sanatorium noʻonoʻo, nāna i komo mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana ma ke ʻano he malihini wale nō.

ʻO nā hōʻike a Gabo i hana ai i loko o kēia puke penei:

"ʻO ka holomua hekili a Thomas Mann mai The Magic Mountain e koi i ke komo ʻana o ka rector e mālama iā mākou mai ka hiamoe ʻana i ka pō āpau, ke kali nei iā Hans Castorp lāua ʻo Clawdia Chauchat e honi. A i ʻole ke kūkaʻi laha ʻole o kākou āpau, e noho ana ma luna o kahi moe i ʻole e nalo i kahi huaʻōlelo o nā ʻelele pilikanaka huikau ma waena o Nafta a me kāna hoaloha ʻo Settembrini. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka pō o ka heluhelu ʻana ma mua o hoʻokahi hola a ua hoʻolauleʻa ʻia ia i loko o ka lumi moe me ka hoʻopōpō ʻana ”.

"Ke kāne i ka pale maka hao" na Alexandre Dumas

ʻO kahi hana nui i hana ʻia i ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a he mana nui paha ko GG Márquez i ko ola.

"Ulysses" na James Joyce

Ua ʻōlelo pū ʻo Márquez e pili ana i kēia hana nui nui o nā palapala ākea. "Ulises" Manaʻo ʻia he haku hana e ʻōlelo mau ʻia a mahalo ʻia ma ke ʻano he hana kūmole e nā mea kākau āpau. Ua paʻi mua ʻia ia ma Palika i ka makahiki 1922.

Mai ia mea ua loaʻa iā mākou nā hōʻike hou aʻe e ka mea kākau Colombian:

"I kekahi lā ʻo Jorge Álvaro Espinosa, kahi haumāna loio i aʻo mai iaʻu e hoʻokele i ka Baibala a hoʻomaopopo iaʻu ma ka puʻuwai i nā inoa piha o nā hoa o Ioba, kau i kahi papa nani ma ka papa i mua oʻu a haʻi me ka mana o kahi bihopa :

ʻO kēia ka Baibala ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ia nō, na James Joyce, Ulysses, aʻu i heluhelu ai i nā ʻōpala a me nā ʻōpala a hiki i ka nalowale ʻana o koʻu hoʻomanawanui. Ua papalina mua. I kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai, ma ke ʻano he makua makua, ua hoʻonohonoho wau iaʻu iho i ka hana o ka heluhelu hou ʻana i kahi ala koʻikoʻi, a ʻaʻole ia he ʻike wale i kahi honua maoli aʻu i manaʻo ʻole ai i loko oʻu, akā ua hāʻawi pū kekahi i ke kōkua ʻenehana nui iaʻu. , ke hoʻokuʻu nei i ka ʻōlelo a me ka mālama ʻana i ka manawa a me nā kūkulu i kaʻu mau puke ”.

"Ke kani a me ka inaina" na William Faulkner

No kēia puke, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Gabo i kēia mau mea:

"Ua ʻike wau i kaʻu huakaʻi i ka heluhelu ʻana iā" Ulysses "i ka makahiki he iwakālua, a ma hope" Ka leo a me ka huhū ", he wiwo ʻole me ka ʻole o ka wā e hiki mai ana, a ua hoʻoholo wau e heluhelu hou iā lākou me ka liʻiliʻi o ka maka. ʻOiai, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea e like me ka pedantic a hermetic paha, ʻo Joyce lāua ʻo Faulkner, i hōʻike ʻia mai iaʻu i kēlā manawa me ka nani makaʻu wale. "

 ʻO Sophocy's "ʻOedipus ka Mōʻī"

ʻAʻole maopopo iā mākou ka lā o kēia puke akā ua hiki iā mākou ke kākau ʻia e Sophocles i nā makahiki ma hope o 430 BC. ʻO ia ka hana hoʻokalakupua i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka pōʻino Helene. ʻO wai i lohe ʻole e pili ana iā ʻOedipus?

Mai kēia hana nui, ua kākau ʻo García Márquez:

"(ʻO ka mea kākau) ʻO Gustavo Ibarra Merlano i lawe mai iaʻu i ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana e pono ai koʻu mau manaʻo hoʻomaikaʻi a hoʻopuehu hoʻi, a me ka frivolity o koʻu puʻuwai. A ʻo kēia mau mea āpau me ka palupalu a me ke ʻano o ka hao.

[...]

Ua lōʻihi a ʻano ʻē kāna mau heluhelu ʻana, akā ua kākoʻo ʻia e kahi ʻike hohonu o ka poʻe Katolika ʻepekema o ia manawa, āna i lohe ʻole ai e kamaʻilio. Ua ʻike ʻo ia i nā mea āpau a pau e pili ana i ka mele, ka Helene a me ka Lākina, ka mea āna i heluhelu ai i loko o kā lākou mana mua. he kino hoʻomaʻamaʻa. ʻO ka mea e hopohopo nui ai iaʻu e pili ana iaʻu, ʻo ia kaʻu nānā hoʻowahāwahā ʻole i nā mele Helene a me Lākina, aʻu i ʻike ai i ka luhi a makehewa, koe wale no ka Odyssey, āna i heluhelu ai a heluhelu hou i nā ʻāpana a me nā ʻāpana i nā manawa he nui i ke kula kiʻekiʻe. A no laila, ma mua o kona aloha ʻana, ua koho ʻo ia i kahi puke paʻa ʻili mai ka waihona mai a hāʻawi ʻia iaʻu me kahi hanohano, e ʻōlelo ana i kēia: Hiki iā ʻoe ke lilo i mea kākau maikaʻi, akā ʻaʻole ʻoe e lilo i mea maikaʻi inā ʻaʻohe ou ka ʻike maikaʻi o nā papa Helene. " ʻO ka puke ka hana piha a Sophocles. Mai kēlā manawa ʻo Gustavo kekahi o nā mea hoʻoholo i koʻu ola ... ”.

"The House of Seven Roofs" na Nathaniel Hawthorne

"Ua hōʻaiʻē ʻo" Gustavo Ibarra iaʻu i ka puke "The House of the Seven Roofs" mai Nathaniel Hawthorne, ka mea i hōʻailona iaʻu no ke ola. Ua hoʻāʻo pū mākou i kahi kumumanaʻo o ka make o ka nostalgia i ka holoholo ʻana o Ulysses, kahi i nalowale ai a ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā mākou ke ala. Ma hope o ka hapalua kenekulia ma hope ua ʻike wau ua hoʻoholo ʻia i loko o kahi ʻōlelo akamai na Milan Kundera ".

 "Ka Moolelo o ka Manoukani a Hoʻokahi Po"

ʻO ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia penei:

"Ua ʻaʻa wau e noʻonoʻo i nā mea kupaianaha i haʻi ʻia e Sherazade i kū maoli i kēlā me kēia lā o kona wā, a kū wau mai ka hana ʻana no ka hoʻomaloka a me ka wiwo ʻole maoli o nā hanauna i hala. No ke kumu hoʻokahi, he mea hiki ʻole i kekahi o ko mākou manawa ke manaʻoʻiʻo hou hiki iā ʻoe ke lele ma luna o nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kuahiwi ma luna o kahi kapeta, a i ʻole e noho ana kahi kauā mai Cartagena de Indias no ʻelua haneli mau makahiki i loko o kahi ʻōmole ma ke ʻano he hoʻopaʻi. ke ʻole e hiki i ka mea kākau o ka moʻolelo ke hoʻohālikelike i kāna poʻe heluhelu.

"Ka Metamorphosis" na Franz Kafka

ʻO ka poʻe i heluhelu i kēia puke e ʻōlelo nei he paʻakikī loa ka heluhelu ʻana, no ka heluhelu ʻana a hoʻomaopopo ʻana iā ia he huakaʻi moʻokalaleo ʻoe a i maopopo iā ʻoe, e noʻonoʻo ʻoe ia ʻo kekahi o nā hana kākau maikaʻi loa.

ʻO nā hōʻike a Gabo i kēia puke penei:

"ʻAʻole au i hiamoe hou me kuʻu ex serenity. Ua hoʻoholo ka puke i kahi ala hou no kuʻu ola mai kāna laina mua, i kēia lā kekahi o nā mea nui o ka honua palapala: «I ke ala ʻana o Gregor Samsa i kekahi kakahiaka ma hope o ka moeʻuhane hoʻomaha ʻole, ua ʻike ʻia ua hoʻololi ʻia ʻo ia i loko o kona wahi moe i hoʻohuli ʻia i loko o kahi pepeke nunui. . Ua ʻike wau ʻaʻole pono e hōʻike i nā ʻoiaʻiʻo: ua lawa ka mea a ka mea kākau e kākau ai i kahi mea no ka mea ʻoiaʻiʻo, me ka ʻole o ka hōʻoia ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka mana o kāna tālena a me ka mana o kona leo. ʻO Sherezade āpau hou ia, ʻaʻole i kāna millennial honua kahi i hiki ai nā mea āpau, akā i kahi honua i hiki ʻole ke hoʻopau ʻia kahi o nā mea āpau i nalowale. I ka pau ʻana o kaʻu heluhelu ʻana i ka Metamorphosis ua loaʻa iaʻu kahi makemake kūpaʻa ʻole e noho i kēlā paradaiso malihini ".

"Mrs. Dalloway" na Virginia Woolf

Ua hōʻike ʻo ia i kēia:

"ʻO ia ka manawa mua aʻu i lohe ai i ka inoa o Virginia Woolf, ka mea a Gustavo Ibarra i kapa ai ʻo Old Lady Woolf, e like me Old Man Faulkner. ʻO kaʻu mea e kahaha ai i hoʻonāukiuki iā ia e hiamoe. Ua lawe ʻo ia i nā puʻu o nā puke āna i hōʻike mai ai iaʻu ma kāna punahele a waiho i loko o kuʻu mau lima.

He waiwai hiki ʻole ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia iaʻu ʻaʻole wau e ʻaʻa i ka makaʻu ke loaʻa ʻole kahi lua pōʻino kahi e hiki ai iaʻu ke mālama iā lākou. Ma ka hope loa ua haʻalele ʻo ia iā ia iho e hāʻawi iaʻu i ka mana Sepania o Virginia Woolf ʻo Mrs. Dalloway's, me ka wānana maikaʻi ʻole e aʻo ʻia wau e ka puʻuwai.

Ua hoʻi au i ka home me ka ea o kekahi mea i ʻike i ka honua. "

"Nā Palama ʻAhiu" hoʻi na William Faulkner

ʻO Wild Palm Trees kahi puke i kākau ʻia e William Faulkner i ka makahiki 1939. Ua lawe ʻia kona poʻo kumu mai ka Baibala, mai ka Halelu 137 paukū 5.

"As I Lay Dying" na William Faulkner

I loko o kēia puke komo mākou i ke ola o kahi ʻohana hema e hana i kahi huakaʻi holoʻokoʻa me ka manaʻo e kanu i ke kino make o ko lākou makuahine.

He puke ia i loaʻa kahi ʻano mele me ka kākau ʻia i loko o ke prosa. No kēlā mea, ʻo William Faulkner kahi loea.

 "Papa ʻAnakala Tom" e Harriet Beecher Stowe

He puke moʻolelo koʻikoʻi loa me ka kauā kauā, kāna moekolohe a me ka hewa o kekahi ʻano kanaka. Ua paʻi ʻia ma ka lā Malaki 20, 1852 a ua hoʻokumu ʻia i ka nui o nā paio, keu hoʻi ma ka US. ʻOiai ʻo ia ka puke i kūʻai ʻia ma ka wā 2, ma hope o ka Baibala, ʻo ia ka puke moʻolelo maikaʻi loa o nā kenekulia XNUMX holoʻokoʻa. . No kēia ʻikepili wale nō, he mea kūpono ke heluhelu inā ʻaʻole ʻoe.

"Moby-Dick" na Herman Melville

ʻO wai ka mea ʻike ʻole i ka puke o "Moby-Dick"? ʻOiai i kēia manawa he puke i ʻike ʻia i nā mea āpau, pono mākou e ʻōlelo i ke kumu ʻaʻole ia i kūleʻa.

Ua paʻi ʻia kāna paʻi mua ma 1851, kikoʻī ma ʻOkakopa 18.

ʻO kekahi mea nui ʻē paha āu e ʻike ʻole ai, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka puke ma nā hihia maoli ʻelua.

• ʻO ka epic i loaʻa i ka moku kohola 'Eseka i ka wā i hoʻouka kaua ʻia e kahi kohola sperm i 1820.
• ʻO ka hihia o kahi kohola sperm albino e holoholo ana ma ka mokupuni ʻo Mocha (Chile) i ka makahiki 1839.

 "Nā Keiki a me nā Mea Aloha" na DH Lawrence

Ua paʻi ʻia ma 1913 a koho ʻia he 9 o nā puke moʻolelo 100 maikaʻi loa o ka XNUMX kenekulia i hāpai ʻia e The Modern Library.

I loko o kēia puke hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kahi ʻohana papa hana ma waena o ka papa waena ma waena, a aia kekahi mau hihia o ka moekolohe mua.

"El Aleph" na Jorge Luis Borges

Ma aneʻi, ua hāʻawi ʻo Borges i ka hōʻike o kona ola ʻana, e hoʻopuka nei i kahi puke e kūʻē ana i ke kanaka, āna i manaʻo ai ʻaʻole hiki ke alo i kahi "hiki" mau loa.

Inā makemake ʻoe e heluhelu i kahi moʻolelo piha piha e pili ana iā Borges, eia kēia loulou. E aloha ʻoe inā e noʻonoʻo ʻoe iā ʻoe iho he "Borgiano"! A hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike ʻaneʻi ʻo ia nā puke 74 a Borges i ʻōlelo ai no ko lākou kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili o nā moʻolelo i kākau ʻia e Ernest Hemingway

ʻAʻole hiki iā GG Márquez ke kapa inoa ʻole iā Hemingway a me kāna mau hana. ʻO Ernest, e like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai iā Borges i ka paukū i hala, ua hana pū i kāna papa inoa o nā puke i manaʻo ʻia. Inā makemake ʻoe e ʻike he aha ia, pono ʻoe e kaomi ʻaneʻi.

ʻO Counterpoint na Aldous Huxley

Me ke kanalua ʻole ka hana ʻoi loa a Aldous Huxley. Ua paʻi ʻia ma 1928 a e like me ka manaʻo o ka poʻe loiloi he pīhoihoi a kūleʻa loa ia.

I kēia hana he nui nā puke e like me ka moʻomeheu mele, ʻoiai ʻo Huxley i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomaka i ka "hoʻokalakupua."

"No nāʻiole a me nā kāne" na John Steinbeck

Nui nā mea a kēia puke me kāna mea kākau, no ka mea, hoʻokumu ʻia ia i ko Steinbeck ʻike ponoʻī ma ke ʻano he kāne home ʻole i nā makahiki 20.

He ʻōlelo pololei loa kēia puke, a hiki i kahi manaʻo o kekahi poʻe loiloi he ʻōlelo hōʻino a kolohe hoʻi ia.

E lanakila ka mea kākau i ka Nobel Prize no nā puke i 1962.

"Ka Waiona o ka huhū" na John Steinbeck

Na ka mea kākau hoʻokahi e like me ka mea ma mua, "The Grapes of Wrath" i loaʻa ka makana ʻo Pulitzer i ka makahiki 1940. He hana kontroversial loa ia i kona wā, ʻoiai he puke transgressive ia i kēlā manawa.

Ke Alanui Paka na Erskine Caldwell

Hōʻike kēia puke i ka moʻolelo o ka ʻohana Lester. He ʻohana mahiʻai e neʻe no a no ka paka.

Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi puke hou i ka neʻe i kāhea ʻia goth hema, kahi o ka lepo, ka luʻuluʻu a me ka precariousness nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau i kona ulu ʻana.

"Nā moʻolelo" na Katherine Mansfield

ʻO nā moʻolelo a me nā kaʻao o Katherine Mansfield, ka mea i hea maoli ʻia ʻO Kathleen Beauchamp, hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa iā lākou i nā anthology ʻelua o kā lākou Nā moʻolelo pōkole, hoʻokahi i paʻi ʻia ma 2000 e Ediciones Cátedra a ʻo Ediciones El País kekahi.

"Manhattan Transfer" na John Dos Passos

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia puke me "The Great Gatsby," i nā like like me lākou.

Hana ʻia nā mea āpau ma NūIoka, nā huapalapala i ʻike ʻia, nalowale kekahi i mea ʻole a ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka hapanui o lākou, he loulou kā lākou.

Hana ʻia ka hoʻomohala holoʻokoʻa o ka puke ma 30 mau makahiki.

"Kiʻi o Jennie" na Robert Nathan

Ua huhū kahi mea pena kiʻi no ka nalowale ʻana o kāna mea hoʻouluulu i kekahi lā o ka hoʻoilo e launa me kekahi kaikamahine ma Central Park i ʻaʻahu ʻia i ke ala kahiko. Mai ia manawa mai, ukali kekahi mau hālāwai ʻē aʻe, me ka mea kikoʻī i loko o nā wā pōkole o ka manawa i lilo ai ke kaikamahine i wahine ʻōpio maikaʻi, me ke aloha a ka mea pena e aloha ai. Akā hūnā ʻo Jennie i kahi mea huna ...

Ua hana ʻia ʻelua mau kiʻi ʻoniʻoni e pili ana i kēia puke moʻolelo, hoʻokahi ma Sepania a ʻo kekahi ma Venezuela.

"Orlando" na Virginia Woolf

Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā puke i makemake nui ʻia a heluhelu nui ʻia e Virginia Woolf. Manaʻo mākou, ma ka ʻāpana, no ka mea ua ʻaʻa ʻo ia e kākau e pili ana i kekahi mau mea kapu i kēlā manawa: ka moekolohe, ka moekolohe wahine, a me ke kuleana o nā wahine (mea kākau, wahine wahine, ...).

He aha kou manaʻo no nā hōʻike hoʻomanaʻo a García Márquez i hana ai ma kēia mau puke? ʻAe like ʻoe me ia? Ua heluhelu paha ʻoe i ka hapa nui o kēia mau puke a i ʻole, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē, ua ʻike wale ʻoe e nele ana ʻoe i kahi honua kākau e ʻike ai?