Jumlar Pio Baroja
Pío Baroja y Nessi marubuci ne da aka haife shi a San Sebastián, Spain, a ranar 28 ga Disamba, 1872, na cikin waɗanda ake kira ƙarni na 98. Al'amarin marubucin daga San Sebastian ya zama na musamman, tun da ya sami digiri na uku a fannin likitanci. kafin ya ba da kansa gabaɗaya ga sana’arsa ta adabi. Ko da yake shi ma ya sadaukar da kansa ga gidan wasan kwaikwayo, novel din shine nau'in labari wanda ya sa aka san shi.
Hakazalika, Littattafan Baroja sun nuna halaye guda hudu na wakilci na falsafar falsafa da na siyasa: skepticism, antilericalism, m individualism da kuma anarchism. Bugu da ƙari, aikin marubucin Basque yana nuna ƙayyadaddun abubuwan da ake so na ƙiyayya - an sake tabbatar da su ta hanyar haɗakarwa - tare da fushi mai nisa daga gaskiya.
Labarin Pío Baroja
salo fasali
- Rubuce-rubuce a cikin jimlar jimloli kuma nesa da kowane ilimin ilimi
- m sauki
- Zaɓin mafi mahimmancin halayen mutum ko abu (graphic impressionism) maimakon cikakken bayanin.
- Ƙunƙarar harshe yana bayyana ta hanyar ƙamus wanda ke rushe mahallin da saitunan da suka dace da yanayin rashin tausayi na marubuci.
- Gabatar da gajerun kasidu da aka sanya a tsakiyar labarin don kama wasu daga cikin ra'ayoyin marubucin.
- Ƙunƙarar lokaci da sarari (cimma ta hanyar saurin labari), wanda ke ba da damar rufe duk rayuwar mutum ko ma tsararraki.
- Amfani da gajerun surori
- Tattaunawar dabi'a da kuma na magana.
- Madaidaicin harshe; kowane kashi an yi dalla-dalla tare da ainihin kalmomi don haɓaka haɓakar karatun matani.
(na son rai) rarraba littattafansa
Pio Baroja sai ya tsara (a cikin ɗan banƙyama) rubuce-rubucen rubuce-rubucensa zuwa nau'i-nau'i tara da nau'i biyu. Daga cikin waɗancan sets, "Saturnales" jerin ne da aka buga kusan gaba ɗaya bayan mutuwar Baroja, wanda ya faru a Madrid, ranar 30 ga Oktoba, 1956.
Wannan yanayin ya faru ne don guje wa fuskantar tashe-tashen hankula na Francoist (musamman ga batutuwan da suka shafi yakin basasa). Bugu da kari, Littattafai bakwai na ƙarshe da Baroja ya kammala ana ɗaukar su a matsayin sako-sako da novels, tunda ba sa cikin rabe-raben da marubucin ya tsara. Kungiyoyin da ake magana a kai su ne:
kasar basque
- Gidan Aizgorri (1900)
- Gidan Labraz (1903)
- Zalacaín mai kasada (1908)
- Jaun de Alzate (1922).
rayuwa mai ban mamaki
- Kasada, ƙirƙira da asirai na Silvestre Paradox (1901)
- Hanyar kamala (sha'awar sufi) (1901)
- sarki paradox (1906).
Gwagwarmayar rayuwa
- Binciken (1904)
- Mummunan sako (1904)
- ja alfijir (1904).
A baya
- Adalcin masu hankali (1905)
- na karshe romantics (1906)
- Mummunan bala'i (1907).
Gasar
- mace mai yawo (1908)
- Garin hazo (1909)
- Itacen kimiyya (1911).
Garuruwan
- Kaisar ko ba komai (1910)
- duniya haka take (1912)
- Karɓataccen sha'awa: ƙasidu masu ban sha'awa na mutum mai butulci a cikin shekarun tsufa (1920).
Teku
- Damuwar Shanti Andía (1911)
- Labyrinth na mermaids (1923)
- Matukin jirgi na tsayi (1929)
- Tauraruwar Captain Chimista (1930).
azabar zamaninmu
- Babban guguwar duniya (1926)
- Matsalolin arziki (1927)
- marigayi masoya (1926).
dajin duhu
- Iyalin Errotacho (1932)
- hular hadari (1932)
- Masu hangen nesa (1932).
batattu matasa
- Lailatul kadari (1934)
- Firist na Monleón (1936)
- hauka na carnival (1937).
Saturnalia
- mawaƙin yawo (1950)
- zullumi na yaki (2006)
- Burin sa'a (2015).
sako-sako da novels
- Susana da masu shayarwa (1938)
- Laura ko rashin bege kadaici (1939)
- Jiya da yau (an buga a Chile a 1939)
- The Knight na Erlaiz (1943)
- Gadar rayuka (1944)
- Hotel Swan (1946)
- mawaƙin yawo (1950).
Pio Baroja
Takaitaccen bayani na wasu fitattun littattafan Pío Baroja
Gidan Labraz (1903)
Littafin labari ne da aka saita a cikin karkarar Álava a cikin ƙarni na XNUMX. A cikin ta, Baroja ya ba da labarin wasan kwaikwayo na iyali wanda Don Juan de Labraz ya yi aikin magajinsa.makaho. Wannan na ƙarshe ya ga zaman lafiyar garinsa ya canja sa’ad da ’yar’uwarsa Cesárea ta koma garin tare da mijinta marar mutunci, Ramiro, wanda ya haifar da gaba tsakanin ’yan’uwa.
Ramiro da farko ya yaudari Marina—yar maigidan—sai kuma surukarsa Micaela., wanda da shi ya kulla makirci domin ya kai ga mutuwar Cesárea (wanda ba shi da lafiya) da kuma tserewa bayan ya sace wasu kayan tarihi a cocin. Daga baya, Rosarito, ’yar Ramiro da Cesárea, ita ma ta rasu. A halin yanzu, Don Juan dole ne ya jure da irin wannan tsegumi a wurin al'adun mazan jiya da tsafta.
Binciken (1904)
Masana tarihi sun ƙiyasta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan littattafan Baroja. Binciken Tana cikin yankunan mafi talauci na Madrid. Can, Manuel, babban hali, yana fama da rashin natsuwa akai-akai saboda yana da matukar wahala a gare shi ya sami aikin tsayayye. Amma, duk da kuncin rayuwar yau da kullum da kuma rashin tsoro, ba ya rasa begen gina rayuwa mafi kyau ga kansa.
Itacen kimiyya (1911)
Shi ne aikin da aka fi sani na marubucin Mutanen Espanya - yana da wuyar haɗawa cikin ƴan kalmomi - kuma yayi zurfafa binciko ka'idojin falsafa masu zuwa:
- Rikici tsakanin positivism da vitalism; wanda ya ƙunshi jigogin tsakiya guda biyu na labarin: Andrés Hurtado da kawu Iturrioz.
- Andrew (mai hankali) ta dogara da ci gaban kimiyya a matsayin amsa ga matsalolin rayuwar ɗan adam.
- Iturrioz (mai mahimmanci), yana nuna karkata zuwa ga ƙa'idodin Nietzsche waɗanda ke ba da shawarar zubar da kimar Yahudu da Kiristanci.
- rashin tunani, Yaɗuwar akida a Turai godiya ga Immanuel Kant na 'yanci na sukar ra'ayin Hankali (Allah, rai da duniya).
- Hanyar Arthur Schopenhauer: Ilimin kimiyya ya sabawa ma'anar rayuwa kowane mutum.
- Saƙon nihilistic a ƙarshe: Mutuwar mutum tana kawo mutuwar Duniya da ita.
Dare na kyakkyawan ritaya (1934)
A cikin wannan labari, Baroja ya mai da hankali kan jigon wanzuwar rayuwa: gajeriyar rayuwa. Don shi, marubucin ya haifar da yanayin Madrid a ƙarshen karni na XNUMX, halin al'ummar bohemian cike da rashin daidaito. Hakazalika, wannan littafi yana nuna jerin haruffa masu cin karo da juna, guda ɗaya da bacin rai a cikin yanayin da ke ɗaukar matakin al'adar kowannensu ba shi da mahimmanci.
Wani abin ban mamaki na littafin shine yin amfani da tatsuniyoyi masu gauraye da dabi'ar tarurrukan zamantakewa da yawa da aka samu a cikin rubutu. Bugu da kari, abubuwan da suka tuna da matasa suna haifar da buri a cikin jaruman labarin, wanda ya haifar da haɗin gwiwa na musamman a cikin Jardines del Buen Retiro.
