Magana daga Garcilaso de la Vega
Aikin Garcilaso de la Vega ana ɗaukarsa yana da mahimmanci a cikin ma'anar waƙoƙin Renaissance a cikin yaren Mutanen Espanya. A gaskiya ma, an san mawaƙin Toledo a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin majagaba na waƙa a lokacin abin da ake kira Mutanen Espanya Golden Age. Duk da haka, bai taɓa ganin an buga ɗaya daga cikin rubuce-rubucen da ya rubuta ba a rayuwarsa.
Babban abokinsa Juan Boscán ne 1487 - 1542 wanda ya hada da samar da wakoki na Garcilaso kuma ya buga shi (bayan mutuwa) tare da wakokinsa da yawa a cikin 1543. Sa'an nan, a cikin 1569, wani mawallafi daga Salamanca ya buga aikin mawaki daga Toledo daban-daban. Daga baya a wannan ƙarnin, an haɗa wasu waƙoƙin—ba a buga su a lokacin ba—a cikin kundin mawaƙin Mutanen Espanya da aka sani a yau.
Ayyukan Garcilaso de la Vega
Buga wakokinsa na farko
An yi tsakanin 1526 da 1535. Ƙananan aikin da Garcilaso ya adana ya bayyana a karon farko a ciki Ayyukan Boscán tare da wasu daga Garcilaso de la Vega (1543). Duk da haka, wasu masana tarihi sun ce mai yiwuwa ya rubuta waƙoƙin gargajiya kuma ya zama sanannen mawaƙi a cikin kotunan Castilian a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa.
A kowane hali, Juan Boscán shine mabuɗin don daidaita ayar hendecasyllable (italic) zuwa tsarin awo na Castilian na Garcilaso. Wannan na ƙarshe da kyau ya daidaita tsarin salon Castilian zuwa ƙarar Italiyanci. Hakazalika, ya haɗa nau'ikan waƙar Neoplatonic na yau da kullun na waƙar Tana na Renaissance.
Ilham da tasiri
Boscán kuma yana da mahimmanci don godiyar Garcilaso na waƙar ɗan ɗan Valencian Ausias Maris. Wani muhimmin adadi a cikin rayuwar mawaƙin Mutanen Espanya shine Pedro de Toledo, wanda ya zama Mataimakin Naples. Tabbas, zaman biyu na Garcilaso (1522-23 da 1533) a cikin kudancin Italiya ya nuna alamar shigar Petrarchan a cikin waƙarsa.
A cikin 1526, mawaƙin Toledo ya sadu da Isabel Freire de Andrade, daya daga cikin matan Isabella na Portugal lokacin da mai martaba na gaba ya auri Carlos I. A cewar wasu masana kimiyya, budurwar Portuguese ta bayyana a matsayin makiyayi Elisa a cikin ayoyin Garcilaso de la Vega. A fili, Wannan ya shafi lokacin da ta auri Don Antonio de Fonseca, kansila na Toro (Castilla) a 1529..
Sauran soyayya masu daraja a ambata
A shekara ta 1521, Garcilaso ya haifi ɗan shege -ko da yake yana cikin wasiyyarsa- tare da Guiomar Carrillo, wanda aka sani da ƙauna ta farko na mawaƙin Toledo. Ana kiran wannan matar da Galatea a cikin Bayanin I. Bugu da ƙari, Magdalena de Guzmán (dan uwan) Camila ce a cikin Eclogue II da kyakkyawar Beatriz de Sá, matar ɗan'uwanta Pablo Laso (wanda kuma ake kira Elisa).
Halayen waƙoƙin Garcilaso de la Vega
Aikin Garcilaso de la Vega Ya ƙunshi kundi guda uku, waƙoƙi huɗu, waƙoƙi arba'in, wasiƙa, ode da littattafan waƙoƙi takwas. nau'in gargajiya (an yi oda a cikin ayoyin octosyllabic). A cikin wannan compendium yana yiwuwa a yaba a duk girmansa sabunta jigogi da nau'ikan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin waƙar Renaissance.
Bugu da ƙari, wasu daga cikin sonnets na Garcilaso da abubuwan da masana tarihi suka ɗauka a matsayin amintaccen wakilci na mutumin kirki na Renaissance. A lokaci guda, ayoyinsa sun haɗa ma'auni na waƙar Italiyanci zuwa ƙaƙƙarfan ƙirƙira cikin Mutanen Espanya..
Jigogi
Yawancin sonnets na Garcilaso suna da yanayin soyayya, daga cikinsu, wasu rubuce-rubuce a cikin kuruciyarsa sun nuna halayen littafin waƙar gargajiya. Maimakon haka, waɗancan sonnets waɗanda aka ƙirƙira a cikin shekarun da suka girma na mawaƙin Toledo suna nuna wata hanyar da ta fi dacewa da ƙwarewar Renaissance. (kuma ana iya gani a cikin wakokinsu).
Sonnet XXIII
"Idan dai fure da Lily
Ana nuna launi a cikin motsin ku,
and that your ardent, true look,
tare da haske mai haske guguwa mai natsuwa;
da kuma yayin da gashi, wanda a cikin jijiya
na zinariya aka zaba, tare da sauri tashi.
by kyakkyawan farin wuyansa, madaidaiciya.
iska tana motsawa, yadawa kuma ta lalace;
dauke daga farin ciki spring
'ya'yan itace mai dadi, kafin yanayin fushi
rufe kyakkyawan koli da dusar ƙanƙara.
Iska mai sanyi za ta bushe furen.
shekarun haske zai canza komai,
don rashin kawo sauyi a al’adarsu”.
Yanayi a cikin aikin Garcilaso
A gefe guda, Garcilaso's eclogues sun kasance mafi girman bayanin iyawar waƙarsa. A cikinsu, makiyaya da yawa suna yin shawarwari kan tambayoyin da suka shafi soyayya a cikin yanayin da aka tsara. Duk da lissafin Bayani na II Ita ce ta farko da mawaƙin Castilian ya rubuta kuma, a cikin mawallafinsa guda uku, shi kaɗai ne ya gabatar da wani shiri mai ban mamaki.
Bayani na II (guntu
"Albaniya
Shin wannan mafarki ne, ko kuma ina wasa
farar hannun? Ah, mafarki, kuna ba'a!
Na yi imani kamar mahaukaci.
Haba ka kula da ni! kuna tashi
Tare da saurin fuka-fuki ta ƙofar ebony;
Na kwanta anan ina kuka.
Ashe bai wadatar da mugunyar muguntar da ta tada ba
rai yana rayuwa, ko don sanya shi mafi kyau,
mutuwa ce ta rashin tabbas?
salicium
Albanio, daina kuka, qu'en oíllo
ina bakin ciki
Albaniya
Wanene ya gabatar da makoki na?
salicium
Ga wanda zai taimake ku ji.
Albaniya
Kuna nan Salicio? babban ta'aziyya
Na kasance cikin kowane mummunan kamfani,
amma ina da wannan sabanin sama”.
Tarihin Garcilaso de la Vega
Garcilaso de la Vega
Masana tarihi ba su da yarjejeniya game da shekarar haihuwar Garci Lasso de la Vega (sunan baftisma). Ɗaya daga cikin tabbatattun tabbatattu game da wannan shine cewa an haife shi a Toledo tsakanin 1491 zuwa 1503, a cikin dangin sarakunan Castilian. Ya kasance maraya ga mahaifinsa tun yana karami, amma hakan bai hana shi shaka makircin siyasar masarautar Castile ba..
Kuruciyarsa a kotunan Castilian
Matashin Garcilaso ya samu cikakken ilimi a zamansa a kotunan masarautar. A can, ya koyi harsuna da dama (Latin, Girkanci, Italiyanci da Faransanci) kuma ya sadu da Juan Boscán, wanda watakila ya ba da lamuni ga waƙar Levantine. A cikin 1520, mawaƙin ya zama sojan sarki; tun daga nan ya shiga yakin neman zabe da yawa a hidimar Sarki Carlos I.
Ranar 11 ga Nuwamba, 1523, an nada Garcilaso de la Vega Santiago a cikin cocin San Agustín a Pamplona. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ya ci gaba da shiga cikin muhimman balaguron soji (ya ji rauni sosai a ɗayansu). A halin yanzu, a shekara ta 1525 ya auri Elena de Zúñiga, ’yar’uwar Carlos I na Spain, wadda yake da yara biyar.
Yakin soja na ƙarshe, gudun hijira da mutuwa
A cikin 1530, Garcilaso yana cikin balaguron balaguron sarauta na Carlos I zuwa Bologna, inda ya zama Charles V, Sarkin Roma Mai Tsarki. Bayan shekara guda, an kore shi (saboda halartar bikin aure mara izini) zuwa tsibirin Schut (Danube), kafin ya zauna a Naples. A shekara ta 1535, ya sami yankan lance guda biyu zuwa bakinsa da hannun dama a lokacin Ranar Tunis.
A shekara ta gaba, Charles V ya tafi yaƙi da Francis I na Faransa. Ba da da ewa ba, Garcilaso an nada shi mai kula da filin don balaguro ta hanyar Provence. A can, an yi masa mummunan rauni a yaƙi a lokacin da aka kai hari kan katangar Muy. A ƙarshe, mawaƙin Toledo da soja ya mutu a Nice, ranar 14 ga Oktoba, 1536.