Menene bukatun don lashe kyautar Nobel a cikin adabi?

Wannan 6 ga Oktoba - Alhamis ta farko ga wata na goma, kamar yadda aka saba - Cibiyar Kwalejin Sweden za ta sanar da wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel ta Adabi ta 2022. A kwanakin baya, sunayen wadanda aka saba don samun lambar yabo sun fara bayyana, kamar yadda aka saba. kowace shekara, a cikin tabloids a duniya. Ga Spain, Javier Marías (RIP) yana jiran shekaru - kuma ba a yanke hukuncin cewa zai zama lambar yabo ta Nobel ta wallafe-wallafe ta biyu da aka bayar bayan mutuwarsa ba -; na Kanada, Margaret Atwood da Anne Carson; don Japan, Haruki Murakami… kuma jerin suna ci gaba.

Gaskiyar ita ce, barin gefen teku na masu cin nasara mai yiwuwa, akwai tambaya da yawancin mabiyan Kwalejin Sweden suka tambayi kansu: "Mene ne buƙatun don lashe kyautar Nobel a cikin Adabi?". A ƙasa, wasu mahimman bayanai wanda zai fayyace wannan sirrin kuma zai sa mutane da yawa su ci gaba da yin aiki tuƙuru a cikin sana’arsu ta adabi.

Na farko: a zabe shi

Kowace shekara, gidauniyar ce ke da alhakin yin buƙatun ga 'yan takara. Bayan haka, makarantu, kungiyoyi da fitattun marubuta na kowace ƙasa ne ke da alhakin aika aikace-aikacen su.

Dangane da haka, Ellen Mattson, mamba a babbar kwamitin Nobel, ta yi sharhi: "Muna da mutane a duk faɗin duniya waɗanda ke da 'yancin zaɓe: malamai, masu suka, masu magana da yawun kungiyoyin adabi, sauran makarantun ilimi. Har ila yau, waɗanda suka yi nasara a baya kuma, ba shakka, membobin Kwalejin Sweden. "

Bukatu masu bukata?

Musamman: ya zama ma'abucin harafi, ma'auni na yau da kullun da wancan, a cewar wanda ya kafa kyautar, Alfred Nobel, aikin ya ba da "mafi girman amfani ga bil'adama".

Ana iya ɗauka bayan karanta waccan jimla cewa marubucin dole ne ya haɓaka dabi'u, ƙa'idodi, canje-canje masu ƙarfi, ko, kamar yadda yake a cikin yanayin Abdulrazak Gurnah - wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel ta 2021 don adabi-, kasancewar muryar waɗanda ba su iya magana ba. Abin da ya gabata dole ne ya zama sananne, don haka mahimmancin samun hanyar adabi na bayyane da fa'ida.

Fitar da tsarkakewar farko daga cikin dubunnan shawarwari: mallaki "hatsarin allahntaka"

Bayan bukatar neman aikace-aikacen da hukumar ta yi, ana karbar sunayen wadanda suka nema har zuwa ranar 1 ga watan Fabrairu. A al'ada, dubban shawarwari suna zuwa. Bayan wata biyu, Kwalejin ita ce ke kula da yin tsaftataccen tsafta 'yan takara har 20.

Ko da yake za a iya cewa suna nazarin sana’a da aikin kowane marubuci don sanin wanda ya cancanta ya kasance cikin wannan rukunin da aka zaɓa. Gaskiyar ita ce, ba a san tabbatacciyar ma'auni da aka yi amfani da su ba don tantance wanda ya wuce wannan mahimmanci na farko..

Yanzu, abin da muka sani, kuma bayanin kwanan nan ne daga Mattson kanta, shi ne neman "albakin Allah"... "wani irin iko, ci gaban da ke jurewa ta hanyar littattafai."

Cewa aikin ya yi fice a cikin 5 na karshe

Watan Afrilu da Mayu ya wuce tare da wani yanke wanda ya dauki adadin 'yan takara daga 20 zuwa 5. Daga nan, bayan tacewa, ana nazarin ayyukan da aka zaɓa a cikin zurfi, kuma a cikin Oktoba - ta hanyar kuri'ar kwamitin Nobel - an yanke shawarar wanda zai shiga cikin tarihin haruffan ɗan adam.

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa marubucin da ya sami fiye da rabin kuri'un ya ci nasara. Wani abin ban mamaki kuma shi ne babu wanda zai iya yin nasara idan ba a zabe ku akalla sau biyu ba don kyautar. Don haka, ba za a iya ba wani sabon ɗan takara lambar yabo ta Nobel don adabi, ko da kuwa aikinsa ya ce akasin haka. Yanzu an fahimci dalilin da ya sa muke yawan jin sunaye gama gari tsakanin masu yuwuwar nasara kowace shekara.

Bayanan sha'awa da sauran bayyane

• Babu wanda zai iya yin aikace-aikacen kansa;
• Ya zuwa yanzu, an ba da lambar yabo ta Nobel don adabi 114;
• Akwai masu nasara 118 (119 ranar Alhamis mai zuwa);
• Sau hudu ana samun kyautar sau biyu;
• An bai wa maza 101 lambar yabo;
• Mata 16 ne kawai suka samu kyautar Nobel ta adabi;
• Akwai sau 7 da ba a ba da kyautar ba;
• Erik Axel Karlfeldt shi ne mutum daya tilo da ya samu kyautar Nobel ta adabi bayan mutuwa.. Hakan ya faru ne a bikin bayar da lambar yabo ta 1931.
• An bambanta marubuta na harsuna 25 daban-daban;
• Rudyard Kipling shine mafi karancin shekaru da ya samu kyautar Nobel a fannin adabi.. Hakan ya faru ne a shekara ta 1907. A lokacin bikin bayar da kyautar, yana da shekaru 41 a duniya;
• Shekaru 100 bayan haka ne mutum mafi tsufa ya sami kyautar, yana da shekaru 88. Ya faru a cikin 2007, kuma Doris Lessing;
• A lokuta biyu an ki amincewa da kyautar. A karo na farko shine Boris Pasternak, a cikin 1958; sai Jean-Paul Sartre a 1964.