Anthony Gala
Antonio Gala mawallafin wasan kwaikwayo ne na Sipaniya, marubuci, marubuci kuma mawaƙi. A rayuwa—har ma bayan mutuwarsa—an san shi da kasancewa ɗan Andalusia da aka fi so, al’ummar da yake ƙauna sosai. A tsawon rayuwarsa ya samar da dukkan nau'ikan adabin da ke yiwuwa, wadanda suka hada da: wakoki, labari, makala, rubutun talabijin, wasan opera da labari. Ya kuma aiwatar da aikin jarida tare da labarai masu rikitarwa don Duniya y El País.
A matsayin marubuci, Gala ta fi jin daɗin kauna daga masu karatun ta fiye da masu suka., Tun da na karshen bai taba sanin yadda ake rarraba adabin marubucin ba. Bugu da ƙari kuma, Antonio ya sami kansa a cikin rikice-rikice da yawa don yin raye-raye, a cikin ginshiƙansa, a kan mutanen zamani da na tarihi, waɗanda ya yi ba'a na sardonic don misalta ra'ayoyinsa.
Tarihin Rayuwa
Anthony Gala An yi masa baftisma da sunan Antonio Ángel Custodio Sergio Alejandro María de los Dolores Sarauniya na Shahidai na Triniti Mai Tsarki da Dukan Waliyyai. Haihuwarsa ya faru ne a Brazatortas, Ciudad Real, amma koyaushe yana jin kamar ya fito daga Cordoba. Marubucin ya ce a ranar 2 ga Oktoba, 1930, ranar haihuwarsa, firist da ya yi masa baftisma ya so ya sa masa suna Martín Gala. Duk da haka, mahaifiyarsa ta ƙi, domin ba a daraja sunan da kyau a Spain.
Sa’ad da Gala take ɗan shekara tara, danginta sun ƙaura zuwa Cordoba, Andalusia. A nan ne ya fara rubuta ayyukansa na farko. Da yake ƙwararren mai karatu ne kuma marubuci, yana ɗan shekara goma sha huɗu ya ba da lacca a Royal Circle of Friendship, birnin Artistic and Literary Lyceum. Tun yana karami ya karanta marubuta irin su Garcilaso, San Juan de la Cruz da Rainer Maria Rilke, bunkasa salon wakokinsa na tarihi.
Haka kuma, Antonio Gala ya shiga manyan makarantu da wuri. Yana da shekaru goma sha biyar ya fara karatun Law a Jami'ar Seville. A daya bangaren kuma, ya shiga Jami’ar Madrid inda ya karanci Kimiyyar Siyasa da Tattalin Arziki, da Falsafa da Wasika. Gala ya sauke karatu daga kowane daya daga cikin wadannan kujeru. Duk da haka, ya bar Corps of State Lawyers, kuma ya bar Carthusians.
Daga baya, ya ƙaura zuwa Portugal, inda ya ci gaba da salon salon soyayya. Dangane da aiki, ya zaɓi koyar da azuzuwan Falsafa da Fasaha. A cikin 1963, Antonio Gala ya sami damar sadaukar da kansa gabaɗaya ga rubutu, bayan lashe lambar yabo ta biyu a lambar yabo ta Adonáis. An ba shi wannan lambar yabo saboda tarin wakoki abokan gaba na kusa.
Shekara guda kafin wannan ya sami damar zama a Florence, Italiya. A can, Ya haɗa kai da mujallar mako-mako Hispano-Bayanai na Amurka, inda ya samu damar buga wasu kasidu daga littafin tarihinsa Rashin mutunci. A matsayinsa na ɗan jarida, ya buga tarin labarai a El País, aikin da ya yi daga 1976 zuwa 1998. Ya fara ne a matsayin marubucin labari a farkon shekarun XNUMX, tare da dodo mai tsauri.
Na ƙarshe aikin tarihi ne, wanda Boabdil ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi, wanda shi ne sarkin Nazpoearí na ƙarshe na Granada. Godiya gareta, Antonio Gala ya sami lambar yabo ta Planeta 1990. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ya rubuta wasu litattafai da yawa, amma ya kasance mai himma wajen ƙirƙirar wasan kwaikwayo da ginshiƙai don wallafe-wallafe daban-daban. Alal misali, ɗaya daga cikin ayyukansa ya ƙunshi rubutun ra'ayi don Duniya daga 1992 zuwa 2015.
Kamar yadda yake sha'awar fasaha da al'adu kamar yadda ya kasance, Antonio Gala ya yi mafarki: don ƙirƙirar cibiyar masu fasaha, inda zai iya tallafawa, koyarwa da kuma samar da guraben karatu ga waɗannan tunanin masu kirkira don su zama masu kirkiro ayyukan nan gaba. Don haka, A cikin 2002, an haifi Gidauniyar Antonio Gala don Masu ƙirƙirar Matasa..
Akwai wani abin mamaki game da wannan gidan na al'ada: taken ku aya ce ta Wakar wakoki. In Latin, karanta mai zuwa: Sanya min signaculum super cor tuum, wanda, a cikin Mutanen Espanya, yana fassara kamar "Ka sanya ni kamar hatimi a zuciyarka".
Aiki daga Antonio Gala
Gidan wasan kwaikwayo
- Koren Filayen Adnin (1963):
- Katantanwa a cikin madubi (1964);
- Rana a cikin tururuwa (1966);
- Nuwamba da Karamin Ciyawa (1967);
- Spain ta tsiri (1970);
- The Good Morning Lost (1972);
- Sa'a, zakara! (1973);
- Zobba ga Uwargida (1973);
- Zitters da ke rataye a jikin bishiyoyi (1974);
- Me yasa kuke gudu, Ulysses? (1975);
- Petra baiwa (1980);
- Tsohuwar Uwargidan Aljanna (1980);
- Makabartar Tsuntsaye (1982);
- Freedom Trilogy (1983);
- Samarkand (1985);
- Ƙananan Hotel (1985);
- Seneca ko amfanin shakku (1987);
- Carmen, Carmen (1988);
- Christopher Columbus (1989);
- The Trickster (1992);
- Kyawawan Masu Barci (1994);
- Waƙar Cafe (1997);
- Jumma'a Apples (1999);
- Inés unbuttoned (2003).
Mai ba da labari
- Rubutun Crimson (1990);
- Sha'awar Turkiyya (1993);
- Granada na Nasrids (1994);
- Bayan Lambun (1995);
- Mulki na uku (1996);
- Marigayi Zuciya (1998);
- Wurin Allah (1999);
- Yanzu Zan Yi Magana Game da Ni (2000);
- Mantuwar da ba ta yiwuwa (2001);
- Baƙi a cikin lambu (2002);
- Mai raunin (2003);
- Tushen mutum-mutumi (2007);
- Takardun ruwa (2008).
Mawaƙa
- Maƙiyi Na Kuɗi (1959);
- Matsala (1962);
- Yin zuzzurfan tunani a Chaeronea (1965);
- 11 sonnets daga Zubia (1981);
- Alkawari na Andalus (1985);
- Waqoqin Cordoba (1994);
- Waqoqin Soyayya (1997);
- Waƙar Tobías Desangelado (2005).
rubutun talabijin
- …Kuma a ƙarshe, bege (1967);
- Waƙar Santiago ga kowa (1971);
- Idan Duwatsu Zasu Iya Magana (1972);
- Tsarin ƙasa tare da adadi (1976);
- Darare goma sha uku (1999).
articles
- Rubutu da ƙididdiga (1977);
- Tattaunawa da Troylo (1981);
- A Hannun Kansu (1985);
- Littattafan rubutu na Lady of Autumn (1985);
- Sadaukarwa ga Tobia (1988);
- Sautin Sauti (1989);
- Bakuna da runguma (1993);
- Ga Wanda Yake Tare Da Ni (1994);
- Wasika zuwa ga magada (1995);
- Embrasures (1996);
- Gidan shiru (1998).
Mafi shaharar littattafan Antonio Gala
Koren filayen Adnin (1963)
Wasa ce ya ba da labarin Juan, wani mai yawo da ya isa wani ƙaramin gari don neman kabarin kakansa. Tun da yake ya gaskata cewa a nan ne kawai wurin da yake da shi, mutumin ya mai da pantheon zuwa sabon “gidan”sa, don haka ya ɓata hukuma.
A lokacin bukukuwan, Juan yana gayyatar sauran mutanen da ba su da matsuguni don yin lokaci kuma su yi biki tare, amma 'yan sanda sun gano su kuma suka kama jarumin.
Nuwamba da ɗan ciyawa (1967)
wasa da ya ba da labarin Diego, tsohon soja na yakin basasar Spain wanda bayan karshen yakin, ya rayu a keɓe tsawon shekaru ashirin da bakwai. Kamfaninsa daya ne Paula, abokiyar zamansa, kuma mahaifiyar wannan matar.
Wata rana, Paula ya ba Diego transistor, a lokaci guda Mutumin ya gano cewa an amince da dokar yin afuwa, don haka zai iya barin mafakarsa. Duk da haka, a cikin minti na ƙarshe, Diego ya daina wannan ra'ayin, kuma Paula ta rasa hayyacinta.