Ukulandisa kuwuhlobo lwemibhalo olulandisa ngokugeleza kwezigameko. ngokulandelana okuthile okungenzeka noma kungabi ngokulandelana kwezikhathi. Ngendlela efanayo, inochungechunge lwezakhi nezici. Kuwuhlobo lwenganekwane ngoba okubalulekile kusungulwe ngokuphelele noma kakhulu.
Ingasetshenziswa kumafomethi amaningi namuhla. Okuvame kakhulu ukukhuluma ngezincwadi, uchungechunge namamuvi, kodwa kukhona futhi ukulandisa kwemidlalo yevidiyo, ibhodi kanye nemidlalo yokulingisa, amahlaya noma amanoveli ayingcaca, umsakazo namaphodikasti. Kodwa sithola nokulandisa emaphephandabeni uma sikhuluma ngamarekhodi noma izihloko zemibono ezizulazula kakhulu emkhakheni wezincwadi kunolwazi oluhlanzekile nolungachemi.
I-Royal Spanish Academy ekuchazeni kwayo inolaka kakhulu futhi i-phlegmatic: Ukulandisa "uhlobo lwemibhalo olwakhiwe inoveli, inoveli noma indaba emfushane". Kodwa khumbula ukuthi umbhalo uwumsuka wanoma iyiphi indaba noma indaba. Ngendlela efanayo, ukulandisa kungabuye kuhunyushwe njengengxenye ye-semiotics, nakuba indlela ebonwa lapha izoba nemibhalo ethe xaxa.
izakhi zokulandisa
Acción
Ukulandelana kwezenzo eziqukethwe endleleni, ifindo nomphumela. Lezi zenzakalo zenza indaba ejabulisayo nethakazelisayo kumfundi. Kumelwe zifike ngesikhathi futhi zijabulise noma zihehe ngandlela thize. Isenzo, futhi, yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi "itulo.". Okwenzeka kuyo kumele kube nencazelo; uma isenzo sisihle, sizohambisana futhi silinganiselwe, ngaso sonke isikhathi enkonzweni yokulandisa.
Its
Kungumqondo oyinhloko wombhalo ongaqondwa kusuka esakhiweni, kodwa akufanele kudidaniswe nawo. Kunezindaba ezilandiswayo okuthi, ngenxa yobulukhuni bazo, zibe nendikimba okunzima ukuyichaza, kodwa ukuhlaziya okuhle kwehlisa indikimba ibe amagama ambalwa; Indikimba iyisihloko sokulandisa. Izindikimba ezitholakala emhlabeni wonke emsebenzini wokulandisa yilezi: uthando, ukufa, umndeni, impindiselo, ukuhlupheka, ubuhlanya, uzwelo, inkululeko, ubulungisa, njll. Uma kumfundi indikimba yendaba ibalulekile, kumdali womsebenzi kubalulekile ukuyiqonda kahle.
Esilo
Isitayela siwuphawu lomuntu siqu lomlobi futhi sihlanganisa nendlela okufanele aziveze ngayo; kuhlanganise nohlobo olukhethwe nguye (idrama, Thriller, uthando). Nakuba kuvame ukutholakala ku-prose, isitayela sokulandisa singathuthukiswa ngezindlela eziningi ngumbhali wakho, ngaleyo ndlela sibe esivamile, sihlole noma sisungule izinto ezintsha.
Umxoxi wezindaba
Yizwi eliyala futhi lichaze izehlakalo. Kungaba umlingiswa oyinhloko (umuntu wokuqala), noma umxoxi owazi konke okweqa umlando, izinhlamvu, isikhathi nendawo futhi kuvame ukumelwa kumuntu wesithathu. Kungase kube khona umxoxi oyedwa noma abambalwa, bethule ulwazi ngokuphelele noma kancane, kungaba umxoxi wofakazi (futhi axoxe ngomuntu wesithathu). Ngamafuphi, amathuba mahle, ikakhulukazi uma kuwukulandisa kwendabuko noma kwe-avant-garde.
Personajes
Yibo abaphila isenzo futhi bahlushwa itulo. Bangachazwa ngezenzo zabo, imizimba yabo, ubuntu noma izingxoxo. Bahlukaniswe abalingiswa, abesibili nabaphikisi. Kungaba abantu noma izilwane, noma izidalwa eziphuma komunye umhlaba, noma kube umlingiswa ongumlandisi. Umkhawulo usemcabangweni wombhali; nokho, kufanele bafeze umsebenzi, umgomo obenza bafaneleke emlandweni futhi bangabi umhlobiso nje. Ikakhulukazi umlingisi oyinhloko kufanele abe nesifiso esinamandla, umgomo lokho kumenza enze njengoba enza noma enze izinqumo zakhe; yikho okuzonyakazisa indaba.
Isikhathi nendawo
Imvelo iyisisekelo, inika umongo ezehlakalweni, abalingiswa kanye nezenzo abazenzayo. Konke lokhu kufanele kubekwe endaweni futhi ngesikhathi futhi kusuka lapha indaba iyasungulwa. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi lolu lwazi lungase lumbozwe, ukuthi lungaba cishe futhi lungabi olunembile ngezizathu zemibhalo. Kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, yonke into ihamba emkhathini kanye nesikhathi, noma ngabe uhlamvu olugingqika emgodini omnyama ongaphelelwa yisikhathi.
izihloko ezingezansi
I-Novela
Iwuhlobo olulandisayo lwesandiso esikhulu futhi ezincwadini ezidume kakhulu namuhla. Ivamise ukuxoxa ngezigameko eziqanjiwe kuphrozi futhi ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene., njenge- Thriller, idrama, ezothando, okuthusayo, inganekwane, inganekwane yesayensi, impi nokuzidela, amahlaya, ezomlando, noma ezocansi. Ziyizindaba zokuzijabulisa nokujabulisa umphakathi ofundayo. Kodwa-ke, umehluko ungabonakala phakathi kwenoveli ethandwayo kanye nenoveli yemibhalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yesimanje noma yakudala, ekhuluma ngezindikimba eziphakeme ukuze ishukumise umfundi ekuzicabangeni.
Indaba
Noma indaba, akufanele iphelele endabeni yezingane kuphela. Indaba, futhi ku-prose, empeleni Indaba emfushane ehlukaniswe ngokuphelele, lapho kungekho lutho olushodayo noma olusele. Konke okukuyo kuncishisiwe, kunesakhiwo esisodwa kuphela, futhi kulula ukukubona. Inganekwane futhi kwesinye isikhathi ibihlotshaniswa nenganekwane noma inganekwane.
Leyenda
Imvelaphi yezinganekwane isekukhulumeni futhi ngokuvamile iyingxenye yesiko elidumile labantu kanye namasiko abo.. Ingqikithi yayo ivame ukuba yinhle, inezindawo eziqanjiwe kanye nezidalwa ezingaphezu kwemvelo. Njengoba imvelaphi yazo iyigugu elidluliselwa ngomlomo, izinganekwane ngokuvamile zivela ezinkolelweni zezakhamuzi zedolobhana noma indawo yokuhlala, lapho okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu ngamunye kamuva kudlulela kuqoqo.
Mito
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inganekwane iphathelene nezinganekwane, futhi lokhu kungaphezu kwenganekwane, enomlingisi wesifunda. Izinganekwane ngeyawo wonke umuntu ngoba sidlulela emsuka wempucuko yaseNtshonalanga uma sikhuluma ngesiGreki noma ngesiRoma. Iqoqo lezindaba ezivela konkulunkulu namaqhawe yizinganekwane ezeqa umgoqo wombhalo, njengoba sizazi izikhathi eziningi zimelelwe emidwebeni noma kwezinye izinto zobuciko.
Inganekwane
Izinganekwane ziyizindaba ezixoxwayo zemvelo efundisayo futhi abalingiswa ngokuvamile yizilwane noma okungebona abantu. Okubaluleke kakhulu kuzo ukuthi ziqukethe isimilo; Bahloselwe ukusungula imfundiso evela ekucabangeni nasekuphenduleni kukho.
I-Epic
I-epic ingeye-epic, igciwane lendaba. ngokuvamile izinkondlo ezinde ezilandisa ngezenzakalo eziphakeme nezingavamile. Abalingiswa bayo bangabalingiswa abaphakeme abanomlingiswa ongaphezu komuntu ngenxa yezimanga abazenzayo noma imizwa emihle namagugu abawavikelayo.