Umbhalo wombhalo uwuhlobo lombhalo inhloso yalo enkulu kuwukugqamisa umsebenzi wobunkondlo noma wobuhle benkulumo yawo.. Ngakho-ke, ibuyela emuva ezinhlotsheni zemibhalo nemisebenzi yolimi (inkomba, imizwa, i-appellative, i-metalnguistic, inkondlo). Isici sombhalo onombhalo nowehlukanisayo embhalweni ongabhaliwe (intatheli, ezokukhangisa, ezesayensi, ezichazayo, eziphikisayo, ezesayensi, ezichazayo, ezingokomthetho, njll.), ukudluliswa kwemibono ngendlela ecophelelayo, yobuhle indlela. , ngaphakathi kwezitayela eziningi ezikhona.
Ingxenye yemibhalo inikeza umdlalo omningi futhi maningi amathuba okuba, ngakho Amanye amathekisthi ombhalo nawo abelane ngezici namanye amathekisthi, njengokuchaza, ukuchayeka, noma ukuphikisana. Ngokunjalo, ngaphakathi kwalolu hlobo lwamathekisthi, kugqama izigaba ezintathu ezilandelayo ezihlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamathekisthi ombhalo (omculo wezingoma, olandisayo nowedrama), kanye nezici zawo.
Izici zemibhalo yemibhalo
- Umsebenzi wobuhle kanye nekhono elikhulu lokuvezwa. Inhloso enkulu yale mibhalo ukuhambisa umfundi ekukhetheni amagama ngendlela efanele, ukusetshenziswa kwezibalo noma izinsiza zokubhala.
- Zivame ukonakaliswa yi-subjectivism eqinile. Futhi ingakwazi ngisho nokuhambisa ukuncenga ngokuphikisana, nakuba kucacile.
- Isitayela. Ayinamkhawulo ngenkululeko yokudala yombhali; ingabuye iphendule ezicini zomnyakazo wobuciko.
- umlingiswa oqanjiwe. Ngaphandle kwesilingo esisodwa amathekisthi emibhalo isikhathi esiningi ayizindikimba zamaqiniso, noma kude nayo. Izindikimba zingaba zingabaleki ngokulinganayo, kodwa zibe nengqondo.
- Isandiso singahluka kakhulu; ikakhulukazi imibhalo elandisayo igqama kakhulu kulokhu (bheka indaba encane noma inoveli).
Izinhlobo zemibhalo yemibhalo
imibhalo yombhalo wezingoma
Isici esiyinhloko sale mibhalo ukuthi ibhalwe kakhulu evesini.. Nokho, lokhu kuye kwashintsha phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule ezincwadini zomhlaba. Manje kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinkondlo okungenzeka zingabhalwa evesini noma emibhalweni okungenzeka kube yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi "iphrozi yenkondlo." Nokho, uma kufanele sinamathele emcabangweni wasendulo, le mibhalo yemibhalo yakhiwa ngezitanza ezinomkhakha wokuhlukahluka kakhulu; anesigqi futhi angahle abe nemvumelwano noma angabi nayo.
Isandiso sisukela ku-couplet kuya ezinkondlweni ezibanzi ezikhathini eziningi eziveza izinkulumo ezisondelene zombhali. Iwumzila womuntu siqu wembongi ukwenza ukucabanga noma bakhulume ngezihloko ezehlukene ezedlula zonke, noma ezikhombisa imizwa yazo noma ezabelana nabanye abantu. Amathekisthi anamathuba amaningi ngenxa yokuthi asebenzisa izinsiza zokubhala ezahlukahlukene futhi, lapho kufanele, izibalo zokukhuluma.. Izibonelo: i-quatrain, i-sonnet, i-lira, i-couplet, noma eyeshumi.
Vala amehlo ami okokugcina
isithunzi sokuthi usuku olumhlophe luzongithatha,
futhi ngizokwazi ukudedela lo mphefumulo wami
isikhathi sokulangazelela kwakhe ukukhathazeka ukuthopha;
[…] (Isiqephu sesonnet esivela ku Umsebenzi wezinkondlo kaFrancisco de Quevedo).
imibhalo elandisayo
Inoveli, indaba noma indaba emfushane yiyona ehamba phambili. Yimibhalo ebhalwe ngephrozi echaza futhi esho isenzo sendaba.. Iqukethe izakhi ezibalulekile zombhalo zalolu hlobo lombhalo, njengomxoxi, abalingiswa, izingxoxo, indawo, isikhathi, isakhiwo kanye nendikimba. Ngaphezu kwezingxoxo, incazelo kule mibhalo ibaluleke kakhulu, nakuba kukhona abenza incazelo emfushane kakhulu kanti abanye bafeza enemininingwane eminingi. Ngalo mqondo kuzoncika ohlotsheni lwendaba kanye nesitayela sombhali. Noma kunjalo, isenzo sizoba sikhulu ngokulinganayo, ngoba yiso esiveza umbhalo oxoxa indaba futhi oqhubekisela phambili inkambo yezehlakalo. (esisethulweni, phakathi nomphumela) enokushuba okukhulu noma okuncane.
Ngokunjalo, isandiso esingaba imigqa embalwa endabeni yezindaba ezincane, noma amakhulu namakhulu amakhasi inoveli engaba nawo, kuyafaneleka. Le mibhalo iyinganekwane, ingokoqobo noma kancane, iyamangalisa, noma yohlobo oluthile. (zothando, i-adventure, ukwesaba, umlando, inganekwane yesayensi).
Ekugcineni, Ngokwenza isigaba esinjalo esincane, ama-eseyi nawo azofakwa lapha, nakuba anomsebenzi we-didactic owengeziwe.. Kodwa futhi ziyimibhalo yephrozi. Ezinye izibonelo zamathekisthi alandisayo yinganekwane, inganekwane noma indaba emfushane.
Lapho iphaphama, idayinaso yayisekhona.
(Indaba encane ka-Augusto Monteroso).
amathekisthi emibhalo eyidrama
Le ncwadi ebhaliwe inomgomo wayo omkhulu wokumelwa. Kuyo yonke iminyaka sicabanga ngawo njengombhalo womdlalo. Kodwa-ke, namuhla kunemibhalo yemibhalo ebhalwe ukuthi iguqulelwe ifilimu nethelevishini. Esinye isici esiyisisekelo sazo yilokho baswele umlandisi; basebenzisa kuphela izingxoxo nezikhombisi-ndlela zasesiteji eziqondisa isenzo, indawo noma isikhathi, noma abalingiswa ngokwabo. Kodwa alikho izwi elilandisayo elihlela zonke ezinye izici.
Izindikimba azinamkhawulo, kodwa njengoba futhi kuwukulandelana kwezenzo, kudingeka umyalelo futhi ngokuvamile zihlukaniswa zibe izenzo ezintathu., njengokungathi yisethulo, ingqikithi nomphumela wemibhalo elandisayo. Kodwa-ke, i-avant-garde kanye netiyetha entsha ziwuguqule umdlalo, ngakho-ke kukhona isikhala sezinhlobo eziningi zendalo emangalisayo. Njengamanje imibhalo evusa amadlingozi ivamise ukuba sephrozi; kodwa kuwo wonke umlando lezi ziye zacatshangelwa evesini. Ngokuvamile, kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyisisekelo zale mibhalo: amahlaya, inhlekelele, nedrama.
CHUSA: Beka izinto zakho lapho. Bheka, yindlu yangasese leya, nanku umatilasi. Sine "María" etshalwe kuleyo bhodwe, kodwa ayikhuli, kukhona ukukhanya okuncane. (Ebona ubuso obenziwa uJaimito). Uzohlala lapha.
UJAIMITO: Yebo, phezu kwami. Uma singalingani, anti, asilingani. Ubeka wonke umuntu omtholayo lapha. Ngolunye usuku kwisimungulu, namuhla kulena. Ubukholwa ukuthi lena yindawo yokukhosela yase-El Buen Pastor, noma yini?
CHUSA: Musa ukudelela.
ELENA: Angifuni ukuhlupha. Uma ungafuni, angihlali futhi ngiyahamba.
UJAIMITO: Kunjalo, asifuni.
(Isiqephu se bajarse al moronguJosé Luis Alonso de Santos).