Ukuqothulwa yanyatheliswa ngo-1889. Yinoveli eyabangela ukungakhululeki ngoba yahlulelwa isibindi. Indaba eyabhalwa owesifazane, u-Emilia Pardo Bazán, elandisa indlela umfelokazi osemusha ayiqala ngayo indaba yothando nendoda encane kunaye. Le noveli isanda kushicilelwa encwadini enezithombe ephinde yagqamisa lesi sithombe esihle kakhulu sesifiso sobulili sabesifazane.
UPardo Bazán ushicilelwe Ukuqothulwa ngemva kokuqashelwa njengombhali. Kodwa abaningi besilisa asebenza nabo babengabagxeki bakhe siqu emsebenzini wakhe. Kwakusesekuseni ukubhala indaba yothando ngezici zikaMarquise de Andrade noDiego Pacheco.
I-Sunstroke: uthando lomfelokazi osemusha
Ukuziphatha nesifiso sobulili
Indaba iqala kuma-Medias res, okungukuthi, ngesenzo esikhulu esivele sidlulile. Emicabangweni nasemizweni yomfelokazi oneminyaka engu-32 sizobona okwenzeka ngayizolo.. U-Asís Taboada, uMachiyoness wase-Andrade, uvuka ngemva kobusuku botshwala enekhanda elibuhlungu futhi uqala ukukhumbula izehlakalo zobusuku obudlule. Ngokugeleza kwemibono, umfundi ubona ingxoxo yangaphakathi eyenzeka kumlingiswa oyinhloko, ecwiliswe ukuziphatha futhi elangazelela ukuphila isifiso sokuthi indoda entsha, u-Diego Pacheco, ivuse kuye. Bobabili bahlangana ngesikhathi sombukiso eSan Isidro ngekhulu le-XNUMX, lapho le nsizwa iyenga ngokungenathemba ubuqili..
Ukuqothulwa Yindaba yowesifazane okwathi ngemva kokushonelwa ezwa isifiso nokukhangwa enye indoda. Lapho i-marchioness ihlangana no-Diego Pacheco, uzozwa ukuvuka komzimba wakhe kanye nezidingo zocansi ebezilokhu zingavunyelwe kwabesifazane ziphakama. Ihlazo langaleso sikhathi lalingenakugwenywa. UPardo Bazán ubonisa indlela abesifazane ababengakwazi ngayo ukuphila ngokukhululeka noma ukuzwa imizimba yabo, njengoba babehlale becindezelwe. Ngakho-ke, iyinoveli ngaphambi kwesikhathi sayo lapho kucaca khona ukuthi amadoda nabesifazane babengekho esimweni esifanayo. Lona wesifazane wayeyisidalwa esingenakonakala okwakudingeka siqaphe noma yisiphi isimo sokuziphatha esiphazamisa ikhaya. Yiqiniso, ukubhekana nobulili besifazane kwakungenakucatshangwa; Abakwazanga ukuphuma emikhawulweni emincane uhlelo olwalubahlukanise ngayo.. Amadoda ayehlulelwa ngendlela ehluke kakhulu, njengoba ayekwazi ukuzihlanganisa nabesifazane abahlukene ngaphandle kokwesaba ukulahlwa.
Ukushisa nokucwasa
U-Emilia Pardo Bazán udala isimo esisondelene kakhulu kule noveli kunasemisebenzini yakhe yangaphambilini. Ushiya eceleni imvelo umlobi ayehlale eyibonisa ukwethula abalingiswa abajulile kanye nomlingiswa oyinhloko odwetshwe kahle. Kwenza intuthuko ejulile ye-Asís de Taboada ukwethula owesifazane ohlushwa yilokho akwazi kahle ukuthi wenzeni ngayizolo.. Utshwala amahora okukhanya kwelanga kubukeka sengathi bamdlalela manje uhlushwa yilanga. Umbhali udlala ngokuthi ube nokuchayeka ngaphandle okuyihaba ngesikhathi sasentwasahlobo namahora awachithe ekanye nensizwa ekhangayo, indoda yangaleso sikhathi. Kunomsebenzi ongaguquki kakhulu emhlabeni wangaphakathi wabesifazane futhi inoveli icubungula ekujuleni komoya.. Yilokhu okugqamayo ngalo mbhalo kwamanye asayinwe umbhali waseGalicia.
Ukuqothulwa Kuyisitatimende esinokhahlo mayelana nokubandlululwa kwesikhathi mayelana nokuvuswa kwangempela kocansi kowesifazane oye waphila futhi wenza izivumelwano zomphakathi. nokuthi ngemva kokuba umfelokazi unolwazi ayengeke alufune. Ukungaqiniseki, ukungabaza, icala, kuvela engxoxweni yangaphakathi ene-Marchioness of Andrade, ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho umxoxi owazi konke ethula umongo ozungeza umlingisi wesifazane. Ngokunjalo, umbhali ukhombisa ulwazi lwakhe ngabanye abalingiswa abahlala ngesikhathi sakhe futhi athuthukise umongo wokuzenzisa onezigaba ezahlukene zomphakathi ezibuka eduze futhi zahlulele ukuziphatha kanye nokuziphatha. indlela yokuphila yabesifazane: abantu abaphucwe isifiso senyama.
Iziphetho
Ukuqothulwa Yinoveli yekhulu le-XNUMX enesimangalo esicacile sabesifazane mayelana nokuthi kusho ukuthini ukuba umuntu wesifazane, ukuzitholela wena emzimbeni nasemoyeni, nokujabulela ubulili bomuntu siqu.. Inoveli engaphambi kwesikhathi sayo, yomlingisi wayo wesifazane kanye nombhali ngokwakhe. Umsebenzi ogqama ngezinga lawo lokubhala, ngale kokuthi isihloko bekungamanyala ngesikhathi saso. Ngenxa yale ncwadi singakwazi ukwazi okwengeziwe ngo-Emilia Pardo Bazán, owesifazane owabona ngalé kwesikhathi sakhe nesimo sakhe njengowesifazane, futhi owacwaninga kwezinye izifingqo zemibhalo ngaphandle kwenkolelo yemvelo eyayifaneleka kakhulu emsebenzini wakhe.
Mayelana nomlobi
U-Emilia Pardo Bazán wazalelwa eLa Coruña ngo-1851. Wayengowomndeni osezingeni eliphezulu, ngakho wayejabulela imfundo naphezu kwesimo sakhe sowesifazane. Waba ngowesifazane okhuliswe ngamasiko kanye nombhali wezinkondlo, izindaba, ama-eseyi kanye nezindaba ezixoxwayo. Noma ngabe aziwa ngokuthile, kungenxa yempumelelo yamanoveli akhe amabili amakhulu: I-pazos de Ulloa y Imvelo kamama. Ngokufanayo, kwaba Umnikelo wakhe ku-naturalism yaseSpain wawufaneleka ngokukhethekile futhi, ngaphandle kokuphikisana, uchungechunge lwezihloko zanyatheliswa ngalesi sihloko, ezazinesihloko. Umbuzo ovuthayo. Nakuba ashada, wahlukana, futhi iminyaka eminingi walondoloza ubuhlobo noBenito Pérez Galdós, umkhulumeli wamaqiniso eSpanishi, futhi okubonakala ezincwadini eziningi bobabili abazinikezela komunye nomunye.
Wayenguprofesa wezincwadi ze-Romance Literature eNyuvesi yaseMadrid futhi ehlala ehlasela isimo sokungalingani lapho abesifazane nabo bezithola besezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu zomphakathi kanye namaqembu ongqondongqondo. UPardo Bazán wafa ngo-1921.