Umphakathi wokukhathala (Umelusi, 2010) iyindatshana eyenziwe ngumcabangi u-Byung-Chul Han. Sekukhona okuhamba phambili ngokuba ngumsebenzi ofanele, obhalwe ngokucacile, lapho umphakathi ubonakale khona. Ukuqina kwalo mbhali waseNingizimu Korea obhala ngesiJalimane kumbeke njengomunye wababhekiseli besimanje bomcabango waseNtshonalanga.
Le ncwadi iyincwadi enokuqonda edalula ububi obukhulu bekhulu leminyaka elisha kanye nenkulungwane yeminyaka: ukukhathala okubangelwa isigqi sethu sokuphila kanye nokuzimisela kokuqiniseka kanye nenjabulo ephoqelelwe esiye sayicabanga futhi elawula izimpilo zethu. Lena indaba yamanje mayelana nokweqisa kwe-positivity.
Umphakathi wokukhathala: ukweqisa kwe-positivity
kuze kuphele amandla
Umphakathi wokukhathala kuyincwadi yefilosofi ebhalwe ngolimi olucacile, kodwa elandela umgwaqo wezihlakaniphi ezinkulu ezifana noNietzsche, Heidegger noma uKafka. Impela, u-Han unikeza okwakhe ukuthatha kokuguquguqukayo kwesimanje mayelana nomphakathi, umnotho, kanye nempilo. Lukhiye wethisisi yakhe usenkambweni esheshayo esiyithathayo izimpilo zethu esiholela ekukhathaleni.. Kuwuhlobo lokuthumba, kodwa nge-Stockholm syndrome. Umbhali uyachaza ukuthi abasibuyisela emuva yithina. Umphakathi wekhulu lama-XNUMX uzimisele ukufinyelela umkhawulo kukho konke okwenzayo, futhi ikakhulukazi kulokho okubhekisela emkhakheni wezabasebenzi. Ukukhiqiza nokusebenza sekuyingqikithi yobukhona bethu, nakho konke okunye kuzungeza kuwo. Esikwazi ukukunikela emhlabeni yinjini yezinsuku zethu, noma ngabe sifikelwa wukukhathala.
U-Han ufika esiphethweni sokuthi umsebenzi onganqamuki umuntu angaphansi kwawo usuke kumcindezeli waya kwabacindezelwe.. Njengamanje, abaphathi abakhohlakele abasadingeki ukuze baqinise izisebenzi zabo, ngoba manje yizisebenzi ezizikhandlayo ukuze zibe abangcono kakhulu nokufeza izinhloso nemigomo ethatha isikhathi sabo sonke. Umphakathi ukhathele, kodwa usemoyeni onganeliseki ukuthi uhlale unikela okwengeziwe, ngoba bekukholelwa ukuthi konke kungenzeka. Uma ufuna ungakwazi futhi uhlobo iseluleko. Ungahlala ukhiqiza okuningi, futhi ube ungcono kakhulu kokwenzayo. Kulokhu, i-capitalism, okuyisimiso somnotho esikhona emazweni aseNtshonalanga, sinokuningi esingakusho.
Ukukhiqiza kwe-Pathological kanye ne-positivity
Indlela i-neoliberalism yezomnotho ekhiqizwa ngayo iyimbangela eqondile yokuthi umuntu akakutholi ukuthula ekuphumuleni, ekuphumuleni. Noma ngingazi nokuthi kuyini ascansar, Empeleni. Ngoba umuntu uyakhiqiza, uyahola, uyachitha, aphinde akhiqize. Eminyakeni yamuva, wonke umuntu ubonakala ebalekela icala elithile kusukela ngaleso sikhathi samahhala esingamanga esisekhona.. Lokhu yikho okuholele ezinkingeni ze-pathological abantu abaphathwa ngazo ngezindlela ezahlukene. Le ncwadi ikhuluma ngezinkinga ezivame ukwanda njengokudangala, ukushoda kokunaka, ukuxakeka ngokweqile, i-borderline personality disorder noma i-occupational burnout syndrome noma ukushisa.
Izinkathi ezahlukene, izinkinga ezahlukene, uphawula umbhali ku Umphakathi wokukhathala. Yize sekudlule ubhubhane lwakamuva lomhlaba wonke, lesi sikhathi asinalo usongo lwaso olukhulu empilweni yomzimba, kodwa empilweni yengqondo. Ngokungeziwe kulawa ma-pathologies ashiwo ngenhla, uhlobo lwempilo esiyiphilayo nokusetshenziswa kabi kobuchwepheshe obusha (obungasebusha kangako) selubangele ubugqila obusha, noma ubhubhane. Abantu banenkinga yokugxilisa ingqondo, ukuthola ukuthula kwengqondo ekuzijabuliseni okunempilo, noma ubuciko bokwazisa. Isithukuthezi sesiphelile, kanye naso, ukukhungatheka noma ukwamukela okubi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-positivity iyabusa, amanga, ngakolunye uhlangothi. Ngoba amadoda nabesifazane sebephenduke izigqila zomsebenzi kanye nohlelo. Bakwamukele ukuthi uma bengaphumeleli yingoba abazinikeli okwanele. Ngakho bayizehluleki.
Iziphetho
Umphakathi wokukhathala kuyincwadi yefilosofi ehlakaniphile ekhuluma ngokungananazi ngezinkinga zekhulu lama-XNUMX: ukukhathala okuwumkhiqizo wenqubo yonxiwankulu. Iphuzu uHan aliphakamisayo ukuthi umphakathi usuphenduke isigqila ngaphandle kokuqaphela ukuthi nawo uyinkosikazi yawo.. Manje abantu baphila ngendlela enethezekile, izidingo zabo ziyasibekela, banemfundo ephakeme, izinkulungwane zezinto ezinhle, noma bangakwazi ukuhambahamba umhlaba kalula ngendlela ongayicabanga emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule. Umphakathi uyisisulu sesimiso, noma yini efanayo, isisulu ngokwaso. Ngoba naphezu kwazo zonke lezi ntuthuko, indlela yakhe evamile imenze waba nesiboshwa esinesimo esihle nokusebenza kahle ngokuphelele..
Sobre el autor
UByung Chul-Han wazalelwa eSeoul ngo-1959.. Ufunde iFilosofi eNyuvesi yaseFreiburg kanye ne-German Literature and Theology eNyuvesi yaseMunich. Ungudokotela ngemuva kokuqeda ithisisi ngoMartin Heidegger futhi usebenze njengothisha emanyuvesi ahlukahlukene aseJalimane. Ungumbhali wezincwadi ezimbalwa ezishicilelwe ngeSpanishi Umelusi Womhleli. Nakuba efike eJalimane esemncane kakhulu engalwazi ulimi, lolu wulimi aselusebenzisa manje emisebenzini yakhe eyaziwa ngaphakathi komcabango waseNtshonalanga wesikhathi sethu..
Ezinye izincwadi zombhali yilezi: Ukuxoshwa okuhlukile, umphakathi wasepalatine, I-capitalism kanye ne-death drive, Ukunyamalala kwemikhuba, Ukuzijabulisa okuhle, Loa emhlabeni, Inhliziyo kaHeidegger, ubuso bokufa, hegel namandla, ukufa nokunye, hypercultuality, mayelana namandla, Insindiso yabahle.