Robert Graves kwaba izinto eziningi: umbhali, umhumushi, umhlaziyi temibhalo, mythographer, imbongi. Lahlanganisa namanye amagatsha. Wayeyisifundiswa esiwuthanda umlando futhi ephenya ngezinganekwane ngokungakhathali, ikakhulukazi amaGreki. Ngaphezu kokuthola umsebenzi omningi we-eseyi, waphinde wenza umsebenzi omude enovelini yomlando..
Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe eyaziwa kakhulu kukhona inoveli Mina, uClaudio, kanye nendatshana Unkulunkulukazi omhlophe. Wayehlotshiswe ngemiklomelo ehlonishwa kakhulu yase-UK, njenge Indondo Yegolide Yendlovukazi Yezinkondlo noma i James Tait Black Award. Nansi eminye yemisebenzi yakhe eyaziwa kakhulu.
URobert Graves: izincwadi zakhe ezaziwa kakhulu
Hamba Kahle Konke Lokho (1929)
Ngenye yezincwadi zakhe ezidume kakhulu; kodwa into yokuqala egqamayo ukuthi Amathuna anquma ukubhala i-autobiography eneminyaka engamashumi amathathu ubudala.. Nokho, okuhlangenwe nakho eMpini Yezwe Yokuqala, impi eyamshiya elimele kabi, kwakuyisizathu esihle sokuloba le ncwadi. Kunjalo, lo mlando wokuphila kwakhe uzobuyekezwa umlobi emashumini eminyaka kamuva, ngo-1957. URobert Graves uvalelisa ezweni azalelwa kulo, ebuyekeza ubuntwana bakhe nobusha bakhe, iminyaka ngemuva kwempi enkulu, ethi "valelisa kukho konke lokho". Ngoba kamuva umbhali wayezohamba futhi aphile ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwakhe ekhoneni laseMallorca.
Mina, uClaudius (1934)
Mina, uClaudio Kuyi-autobiography engamanga uGraves ayefuna ukuyenza ngomlingiswa uTiberius Claudius, isazi-mlando saseRoma kanye nombusi. owayephila phakathi kwekhulu lokuqala BC kanye ne-XNUMXst AD KuRobert Graves, izinguqulo azenza zemibhalo kaSuetonius zaziyoba usizo kakhulu. Izimpilo zamaKhesari ayishumi nambili. Futhi nakuba uGraves ayewazi kahle umongo womlando nezenzakalo, wakhipha emibhalweni yokuqala ukwazisa okuthile okuqondene naye siqu nokukhethayo.
Lokhu ngokuqinisekile, ngaphandle kokungabaza, omunye wemisebenzi yakhe ebaluleke kakhulu neyaziwayo. Le ncwadi yayiswa kumabonakude futhi yaba nempumelelo enkulu yokuthengisa, ithathwa njengenye yamanoveli angcono kakhulu ekhulu lama-XNUMX.. Isithombe esihle kakhulu senkathi yombuso waseRoma esinakho konke ukukhaphela, uzungu nobugebengu obuhambisana ngaleso sikhathi.
UClaudius, unkulunkulu, nomkakhe uMessalina (1935)
Inoveli ewukuqhubeka kwayo Mina, uClaudio. Iqhubeka nalo mlando olingiswayo woMbusi uTiberius Claudius, okwadingeka abhekane nesiphithiphithi saseRoma ngemva kokubulawa kukaCaligula. Manje uClaudius kufanele akhe kabusha umbuso naphezu kobunzima nokungabaza nokunganeliseki kwakhe.. URobert Graves wandisa ulwazi lwakhe lwe-Antiquity kanye namajika UClaudius, unkulunkulu, nomkakhe uMessalina engxenyeni yesibili efanele eyokuqala. Izophinde iguqulelwe ithelevishini kanye Mina, uClaudio.
Bala uBelisarius (1938)
Inoveli lapho i-Graves isibuyisela emuva ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX kuya eConstantinople yasendulo, eyayiyinhloko-dolobha yoMbuso WaseRoma WaseMpumalanga. Lezi yizikhathi zoMbusi uJustinian. Lena enye inoveli yomlando lapho kuxoxwa khona ngempilo kaGeneral Belisario, indoda yezempi ebaluleke kakhulu eByzantium. Ngalesi sikhathi, umlingisi oyinhloko kuzodingeka abhekane nokuvukela kanye nezingxabano ezinyakazisa indawo. Lapho amaqaba esongela ukuphazamisa izivikelo zaseByzantine uBelisarius kuphela ohloniphekile futhi onesibindi onamandla okuvikela umbuso.
I-Golden Fleece (1944)
Uboya begolide iyinoveli ye-adventure ezungeza lesi sici senganekwane. Iqembu lamatilosi ahlanganisa amaqhawe nama-demigods (Hercules, Orpheus, Atalanta, Castor, Pollux, njll.) liqala ukufuna into efiswayo. Yindaba ethokozisayo lapho umfundi, ngaphezu kokumangala, ezokwazi ukuthola amasiko namasiko ahlukene aseGreece Yasendulo.
INkosi uJesu (1946)
Inoveli ekhombisa amaqiniso edokhumentari empilo kaJesu ngokomlando, nongewona owenkolo. Inkosi uJesu kungenye futhi isibonelo somlando oqanjiwe lapho i-Graves ibuza ezinye zezinkolelo zendabuko zomlando. Kodwa umsebenzi oqinile wombhali obuyekeza impilo kaJesu kufanele uqashelwe. Amathuna abeka indoda eguquguqukayo, eyadala ukungakhululeki okuningi ngesikhathi sayo, njengendlalifa efanele yesihlalo sobukhosi sakwa-Israyeli.
Unkulunkulukazi Omhlophe (1948)
Unkulunkulukazi omhlophe kuwumsebenzi ongelona iqiniso omelela umsebenzi wezazi omkhulu kakhulu kaRobert Graves. Ngokuqinisekile umsebenzi wakhe omuhle kakhulu. lesi sihloko siqagela ngohlelo lwe-matriarchal ngaphambi kobukhosi obubekwe izinkolo ezikholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa.. Ngokuqondile, ikhuluma ngemikhosi yakudala lapho intela yayikhokhwa konkulunkulukazi abavela ezinganekwaneni ezahlukene. I-Graves ichaza ngesikhathi lapho umuntu onegunya kwakungowesifazane futhi amadoda ayengawaphethe amandla ababenawo ngempela. Iwumbhalo oqephuzayo, onokuqondisisa, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke okungaqondakali futhi okumangalisayo.
Indodakazi kaHomer (1955)
Indodakazi kaHomer azalwe ngendlela exakile. Amathuna akhubeka emcabangweni wasendle othi I-Odyssey Akuzange kubhalwe ngokuphelele nguHomer, kodwa umsebenzi omkhulu wakudala wawuzobhalwa owesifazane waseSicilian, uPrincess Nausicaa, ngesikhathi esifanayo ongumlingiswa emsebenzini ofanayo. Ngakho umbhali, ekhangwe yile nkolelo-mbono eyinganekwane, waqamba Indodakazi kaHomer, ukwakhiwa okuseduze nokujwayelekile noma kwasekhaya, kodwa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ubuqhawe bawo.
Onkulunkulu namaqhawe aseGrisi yasendulo (1960)
Lena incwadi ebonisa izindaba zonkulunkulu bamaGreki namaqhawe anezinganekwane ezihlukahlukene ezilandisayo.. Kumayelana nokufunda ngendlela ekhangayo izinganekwane zesiko laseNtshonalanga elidlala uZeus, uPoseidon, uHeracles, uPerseus, uPegasus noma u-Andromeda, ukunikeza izibonelo ezimbalwa. Amathuna akhombisa ukuqonda okujulile kwezinganekwane nomlando ngezindaba ezijabulisayo nezifundisayo.
Sobre el autor
URobert Graves wazalelwa eWimbledon, eLondon, ngo-1895.. Wafunda e-Oxford (King's College nase-St. John's College) futhi wayenguprofesa wasenyuvesi lapho. Wabamba iqhaza eMpini Yezwe Yokuqala eButhweni Lezempi LaseBrithani, lapho afinyelela khona isikhundla sokuba ukaputeni.
Ngaphezu kwencwadi yakhe yomlando nenganekwane, umsebenzi wakhe wezinkondlo wamnika ukwaneliseka okukhulu njengomlobi.. Ngokuhlanganyela engxabanweni yezwe yokuqala, ugqozi lwakhe lwavela ngokuqondile kulesi sikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, ayezosithwebula ezinkondlweni zakhe. Njengoba elimele kakhulu, uzobuyela ekhaya e-England kungekudala. Wayenguthisha eGibhithe futhi ehlala kwamanye amazwe omhlaba. Noma kunjalo, wayezohlala kumasipala waseMajorcan, eDeyá (eSpain), lapho ayezofela khona ngo-1985..