U-Ivan Krylov. Isithombe ngoKarl Briulov (1839) - Igalari yeTetryakov. EMoscow
Ngithole u-Ivan Krylov ngenhlanhla eminyakeni edlule, ekufundweni kwami kwemibhalo ngenoveli ayibhalayo isethwe eSoviet Union ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe II. Ngifunde yonke into ngaleso sikhathi: iprozi, izinkondlo nezindaba, ngoba noma yiluphi uhlobo lombhalo lwababhali baseRussia langiheha, noma ngacabanga ukuthi lungasiza umzuzwana othile. Futhi, ngaboleka isibongo sikaKrylov ngoba ngangisithanda komunye wabalingiswa bami. Wazalelwa eMoscow ngosuku olufana nanamuhla de 1768 futhi kubhekwa njenge- i-fabulist enkulu futhi edume kakhulu yaseRussia. Ngakho-ke ngiyiletha lapha wethule kulabo abangakwaziyo nokufunda izinganekwane zakhe ezimbalwa.
U-Ivan Andreyevich Krylov
U-Ivan Andréyevich Krylov wayekhona indodana yendoda yempi, owadlula emhlabeni eneminyaka engu-10 ubudala. Nomama wakhe wathuthela eSt, ukucela impesheni kahulumeni. UKrylov uthole i- Ngisebenza enkantolo, kepha wayishiya kusenesikhathi uzinikele ngokuphelele emsebenzini wakhe wokubhala. A comedia ukuthi wayibhala eneminyaka engu-14 kwakuyincwadi yakhe yokuqala, nayo eyathola umklomelo ayitshala emisebenzini yabalobi baseFrance, eyayiyimfashini ngaleso sikhathi. Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni, waziwa njengombhali ohlekisayo nowenhlalo ngemisebenzi efana Imeyili yemimoya, Umbukeli y I-mercury yaseSt.
Ekuqaleni kwe- Ngekhulu le-XNUMX uthumele i- iqoqo lokuqala lezinganekwane ezingama-23 futhi waphumelela kakhulu. Ngakho-ke yaqhubeka nokushicilela amavolumu (kuze kufike ku-8) okusebenzise ukukhulisa ukuthandwa kwakhe futhi kubhekwe kuze kube manje njengombhali wezincwadi waseRussia odumile. Kunjalo, imithombo ngezinganekwane zabo baphuza ugqozi lwakudala njenge I-Aesop noma iLa Fontaine, kepha futhi nge Izici zobuntu baseRussia. Futhi babelana nge inhloso yokufundisa nokuyisibonelo wohlobo, ngaphezu kokukhombisa imikhuba emibi yabantu nokugqamisa ikakhulukazi ukungakwazi ukusebenza, ukuqhosha nobulima emphakathini wangaleso sikhathi.
Isitayela sakhe sibonakala ngokusetshenziswa kwakhe kwenkululeko yolimi, okusho ukuba ngokoqobo okwengeziwe futhi kukusondeze kubantu, yingakho impumelelo yayo. Isibonelo, yenza izilwane zacabanga futhi zikhulume njengabantu baseRussia bangempela hhayi njengezidalwa ezingabonakali. Lokho, ake sithi, ukusondelana kumfake ezihlangwini zabagxeki abanamasiko amakhulu, abakhomba futhi bakudelela ukusebenzisa kwakhe ulimi ngokukhululeka. Kepha futhi kwakukhona ababhali abambalwa kamuva abanjengo
Alexander I-Pushkin, okhombisa okukhulu kunakho konke kwezothando, owayekuthatha njenge- «
imbongi eyiqiniso yomdabu waseRussia». UKrylov washona eSaint Peterburg ngo-1844.
Izinganekwane ezimbili
Umiyane nomalusi
Umalusi wayelele emthunzini, ethembele ezinjeni zakhe,
lapho inyoka, ekubonile, yaphuma ehlathini
wakhasa waya kuye nolimi lumi ngomumo.
Futhi umfundisi ubengeke esaba ngowalomhlaba
kodwa umiyane wakhe womusa,
futhi ngamandla iyaluma umuntu olele.
Vusa umalusi ubulale inyoka;
kodwa ngaphambi kokuba umiyane ufinyelele kuwo phakathi kwamaphupho
akusalanga nomkhondo wompofu.
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Mangaki amacala anjalo akhona:
ngoba ngaphezu kwababuthakathaka, bashukunyiswa abalungileyo,
zama ukukhombisa abanamandla kwabanamandla,
uzobona ukuthi kuyefana nomiyane
kuzokwenzeka kuye.
***
I-swan, i-catfish kanye ne-crab
Lapho kungekho sivumelwano phakathi kwabalingani
ibhizinisi lakho ngeke lihambe kahle,
futhi ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ukuhlupheka lapho.
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I-swan, i-catfish kanye ne-crab
ukudonsa imoto bathola
futhi bobathathu bahlangana kuye;
Bayakhandleka futhi bayakhandleka, kodwa imoto ayihambi!
Umthwalo wabo ubungeke usinde:
kepha ukuthi idada lidonsela emafwini,
inkalankala emuva, kanye ne-catfish yamanzi.
Ubani kubo onecala, ongekho, akusikho kithi ukwahlulela.
Imoto kuphela esekhona.
