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UPío Moa ungumbhali wendatshana waseSpain, umhlaziyi womlando kanye nombhali. Lo mbhali waziwa kakhulu ngezincwadi zakhe zomlando wezwe lakhe, ikakhulukazi lowo othinta ikhulunyaka elidlule. Izihloko okukhulunywa ngazo kakhulu ezincwadini zakhe zihlobene nombuso kaFranco, iMpi Yombango kanye neRiphabhulikhi Yesibili YaseSpain. U-Moa ubuye abhekisele ekunyakazeni okuhlukene kwezepolitiki yangaleso sikhathi, nokuthi kwabathinta kanjani ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kweSpain.

Kuyo yonke iminyaka, uPío Moa uqongelele inqwaba yabagxeki ngenxa yomugqa womcabango awuvezayo emisebenzini yakhe. Kodwa-ke, umlobi uyaqhubeka ebhekwa njengomkhululi oyinhloko wokubuyekezwa komlando waseSpain, itimu eyavela phakathi kwezintatheli, ababhali kanye nezazi-mlando ngesifiso sokubhala kabusha izenzakalo phakathi kweRiphabhulikhi Yesibili kanye nobushiqela bukaFranco.

I-Biography

GRAPO umsunguli

U-Luis Pío Moa Rodríguez wazalwa ngo-1948, ePontevedra, eVigo, eSpain. Ufundele ubuntatheli eSikoleni Esisemthethweni Sobuntatheli eMadrid. Ngesikhathi esemusha wayengomunye wabasunguli benhlangano yamaphekula we-Marxist-Leninist kanye ne-Maoist tenncy Amaqembu Wokuphikisa Kwama-Antifascist Okokuqala ka-Okthoba (IQEMBU).

Isikhathi eside, leli qembu laliyiqembu lezempi le-Spanish Communist Party, elaziwa ngokuthi i-PCE. Ngezikhathi zikaMowa eduze kwalengalo ehlomile yayihlobene nokuhlaselwa okuhlukahlukene kweNational Movement.

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Ukubamba iqhaza kwakhe ezenzakalweni zika-Okthoba 1975, XNUMX

Umbhali uphinde wabamba iqhaza kokunye kokuhlasela okwenzeka ngo-Okthoba 1975, 4, okwabangela ukufa kwamaphoyisa kazwelonke angu-XNUMX. Lolu chungechunge lokubulala lwenziwa njengendlela yokuziphindiselela ekubulaweni kweqembu lamaFrancoist kumavukela-mbuso ahlukahlukene.

Kwabulawa abantu aba-5 abavela emaqenjini ashibhile: abathathu babulawa ababekhona amalungu e inhlangano yamaphekula e-Basque nationalist (Euskadi Ta Askatasuna noma I-ETA), kanti abanye ababili bebengabe-Antifascist and Patriotic Revolutionary Front (FRAP).

I-anarchist vendetta yenziwa amalungu amathathu e-GRPO, kuhlanganise no-Pío. Amaphoyisa amane abulawa kulokhu kuvukela umbuso yilawa: Agustín Ginés Navarro, Antonio Fernández Ferreiro Joaquín Alonso Bajo kanye noMiguel Castilla Martín.

Ngalolo suku lokuhlasela UMoa ubephethe isando, abanye abazibonele bathi bambone eshaya elinye lamaphoyisa abegqoke umfaniswano okhakhayini. lapho wayesefile. Nokho, umbhali ubelokhu emile kwelokuthi ubufakazi obunjalo buyinkohliso.

Ukuthunjwa kuka-Emilio Villaescusa Quilis kanye noshintsho olukhulu lwe-Moa

Ngo-1977, uPío Moa wayephakathi kwabaholi abakhulu ekuthunjweni kuka-Emilio Villaescusa Quilis—ilungu lezempi elibalulekile lenhlangano yamaFrancoist. Ngemva kwalesi senzakalo, umbhali waxoshwa ku-GRPO. Ngo-1983, watholakala enecala lokuthumba uQuilis, wagwetshwa unyaka ejele. Nokho-ke umbhali akaphoqwanga ukuthi adonse isigwebo.

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Njengesijeziso, UMoa kwadingeka ukuthi afakwe kabusha, futhi athathe isikhundla sombono esiseduze neFrancoism. Kakade ungumsekeli welungelo elidlulele, u-Piño Moa wasebenza njengomqondisi ezincwadini zobuntatheli ezifana amaphuzu (1988-1990) kanye izolo (1991-1993), ngaphezu kwezinye izikhungo ezinikezelwe ekufundiseni Umlando waseSpain.

Ushintsho olukhulu kakhulu lwemibono ka-Pío Moa lwenzeka ocwaningweni lwakhe nge-Second Republic kanye nomsuka weMpi Yombango. Imibono yakhe ngalolu daba ingatholakala emisebenzini yakhe emele kakhulu.

Izincwadi zikaPío Moa

Ukucabanga ngobuphekula (1985);
Ubugebengu obumangalisayo be-Ateneo de Madrid (1995);
Umsuka weMpi Yombango YaseSpain (1999);
Abalingisi beRiphabhulikhi babonwa ngokwabo I (2000);
Ukuwa kweRiphabhulikhi Yesibili kanye neMpi Yombango (2001);
Umphakathi wobungqingili nezinye izindatshana (2001);
Ukuphikiswa ngesikhathi se-Francoism. Umqulu 2: Wesikhathi nezwe (2002);
Abalingisi beRiphabhulikhi babonwa ngokwabo II (2002);
Ngokumelene namanga: Impi Yombango, i-Nationalist left kanye ne-Jacobinism. (2003);
Izinganekwane zeMpi Yombango (2003);
Izincwadi ezibalulekile zeMpi Yombango (2004);
Indaba eshaqisayo: Ubuzwe beCatalan kanye neBasque emlandweni wesimanje waseSpain (2004);
Amacala eMpi Yombango nezinye izingxabano (2004);
Ngo-1934, iMpi Yombango iyaqala: i-PSOE kanye ne-Esquerra baqala ukulwa (Pío Moa ngokubambisana noJavier Ruíz Portella, 2004);
UFederica Montseny noma ubunzima be-anarchism (Pío Moa ngokubambisana no-Antonina Rodrigo García, 2004);
1936, ukuhlaselwa kokugcina kweRiphabhulikhi (2005);
Franco, ibhalansi yomlando (2005);
Ngokumelene ne-balkanization yaseSpain (2005);
I-Moncloa ekhanyayo nezinye izinhlupho (2006);
Ukuqothuka komlando oqhubekayo: kuphi futhi kungani uBeevor, Preston, Juliá, Viñas, Reig err... (2007);
IRiphabhulikhi eyaphela ngeMpi Yombango (2006);
Amaphutha kwesokunxele, ukuthula kwesokudla. Izihluthulelo zokuqonda ukuwohloka kwepolitiki yamanje yaseSpain (2008);
Uhamba nge-Vía de la Plata (2008);
UFranco wama-anti-Francoists: emibuzweni engu-36 ebalulekile (2009);
Intando yeningi yaminza. Izindatshana eziseSpain namuhla (2009);
Umlando omusha waseSpain (2010);
Ukushintsha kwengilazi. Francoism kanye nentando yeningi (2010);
ISpain ibhekene neSpain (2012);
Kwezwakala ukumemeza nokungqongqoza emnyango (2012);
Ukuwa kweRiphabhulikhi Yesibili (2013);
Ubuzwe baseBasque nobuCatalan: eMpini Yombango, iFrancoism kanye nentando yeningi (2013);
izindatshana eziphikisanayo (2013);
Impi Yangaphakathi YaseSpain—1936-1939— (2014);
Izinganekwane zeFrancoism. Ukubuyekezwa okujulile kwenkathi ebalulekile (2015);
I-Europe: Isingeniso somlando wayo (2016);
I-Reconquest neSpain (2018).

I-Synopsis yemisebenzi evelele kakhulu ye-Pío Moa

Umsuka weMpi Yombango YaseSpain (1999)

Kulo mbhalo, u-Pío Moa ukholelwa ukuthi izincwadi zomlando wendabuko azisho ngokucacile izenzakalo zeMpi Yombango kanye neRiphabhulikhi Yesibili. Ngalesi sizathu, wenza umsebenzi wokubhala kabusha amaqiniso azo zombili izehlakalo. Ngokusho kombhali, ipeni lakhe lilandisa okwenzeka ngempela kuleyo minyaka, kanye nokushintsha kwe-paradigm okubangele lokho.

Izinganekwane Zempi Yombango (2003)

Enye yezici zazo Tweet moa iphikisana kakhulu nokuthi yini ngokuvamile iphikisana nezinye izazi-mlando kanye noprofesa abahlonishwayo emanyuvesi aseSpain. e Izinganekwane Zempi Yombango, leli qiniso liyabonakala. Le ncwadi ichitha lokho okushiwo abanye ababhali abaningi ngomsuka walesi senzakalo esibalulekile. Ukwengeza, ihlanganisa izingqikithi ezingaphathwanga kancani, njengokuthi: bekungaba yini okweDemocratic Republic.

Izinganekwane zeFrancoism (2015)

Ngamakhasi ale ncwadi, uPius UMoa uzama ukwenza kabusha izikhathi zombuso kaFranco. Ngokunjalo, ifuna ukuvuselela isibalo sikaFranco ngokuqhathanisa. Ukuze enze lokhu, usebenzisa abanye osopolitiki bangaleso sikhathi, njengoChurchill, uHitler, u-Adenauer, uMussolini noma uDe Gasperi. Kanjalo nombhali ugxile ocwaningweni ukuze aphendule imibuzo eyahlukene mayelana nobushiqela.

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