Matilda

Matilda kuyincwadi yakudala yezingane ebhalwe ngumbhali wamanoveli odumile uRoald Dahl. Uhlobo lwayo lokuqala ku-Anglo-Saxon lwanyatheliswa ngo-Okthoba 1988 futhi lwaveza imifanekiso kaBriton Quentin Blake. Uhlelo lwayo ngeSpanishi lwethulwe yi-Editorial Alfaguara ngenguqulo kaPedro Barbadillo; le nguqulo igcine umsebenzi kaBlake.

Matilda Ingenye yezindaba eziphumelele kakhulu zombhali waseBrithani; namuhla izigidi zamakhophi omsebenzi zithengisiwe. Inoveli - yize ibiyincwadi yezingane - yanqoba izizukulwane eziningana, konke ngenxa yobuciko kanye nokuxoxa izindaba okumnandi kombhali. Ngenxa yomthelela wayo ophawuleka kakhulu, ngo-1996 kwethulwa ifilimu eyingqayizivele yenoveli; ifilimu yayiqondiswa nguDanny Devito.

Isifinyezo sikaMatilda

Okuncane okukhanyayo

UMatilda uyintombazane eneminyaka emihlanu ubudala ehlala nabazali bakhe nomfowabo edolobheni elincane laseNgilandi. Yena Uyintombazane enesibindi futhi enelukuluku lokwazi, lapho eneminyaka engu-3 kuphela ubudala yafunda ukuzifundela ngendlela yokufunda. Selokhu athola indawo yonke yezincwadi, impilo yakhe yashintsha. Esikhathini esifushane kakhulu wafunda ababhali abaningana, okwandisa ulwazi lwakhe ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.

Akaqondwa kahle ngumndeni wakhe

Ngeshwa, Abazali bakaMatilda abazange balazise ithalente lakheBabembheka njengesimanga njalo bemenza inhlekisa. Bona, njengesijeziso, bamphoqa ukuthi abuke ithelevishini amahora amaningi, abamthengelanga izincwadi zakhe ezintsha futhi bamshiya yedwa ekhaya njalo ntambama. Akubanga nje isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba uMatilda aqaphele ukuthi uhlakaniphile kunabazali bakhe, ngakho-ke waqala ukungayinaki imibono yabo yasendle ngalokho okubaluleke ngempela.

Umtapo wolwazi kanye nezifundo zesikole

Njengoba uMatilda ebengenabazali isikhathi esiningi sosuku, Uthathe isinqumo sokuya emtatsheni wezincwadi nsuku zonke, ukuze anelise isifiso sakhe sokufunda. Kuleyo ndawo wazizwa ejabule ngokwedlulele, ngoba wayekwazi ukufunda ngaphandle kwezinkinga futhi athole ulwazi olusha. Yonke into ayeyifunda ngokufundwa kwakhe yayimvumela ukuthi avelele phakathi kontanga yakhe yesikole.

Uthisha omnandi vs uthishanhloko omubi

Amakhono kaMatilda ngokufunda nezibalo bamangala uthisha uHoney, ocele ukuthi anyuselwe ezingeni. Noma kunjalo, lokho akuzange kwamukelwe kahle ngumqondisi uTrunchbull, futhi, esebenzisa kabi isikhundla sakhe, wasenqaba isicelo. Lokhu kuziphatha akuzange kumangaze uthisha, ngoba intukuthelo embi "yegunya" yayivele ilwazi lomphakathi; empeleni, kwakuvamile ukuthi owesifazane omubi aphathe izingane ngenzondo futhi azijezise ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Ushintsho empilweni

Usuvele ungene esakhiweni, UMatilda wathola ukuthi wayenolunye uhlobo lobuchule bengqondo: i-telekinesis (Wayekwazi ukuhambisa izinto ngengqondo yakhe). Ekwenzeni lelo khono, uHoney wayesekela kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, ukutholakala kwe- Lokho "amandla amakhulu" kwenza uMatilda kumele abhekane namandla athe xaxa izithiyo ezimbili ezinkulu ebesivele zibhekene nazo: ukulinganiselwa okubekwe ngu Abazali bakhe kanye nabaphikisi nokuhlukunyezwa kweTrunchbull embi.

Imininingwane eyisisekelo yomsebenzi

Kuyinoveli ephathelene nohlobo lwe izincwadi zezingane evuleka ngaphezu kwamakhasi angama-248 ahlukaniswe aba Izahluko ezimfishane ezingama-21. Umlando uwukuthi utshele umbalisi owazi konke. Umbhalo wethulwe ngamagama alula avumela ukufundwa ngokushelelayo nangokushesha.

Personajes

Umhlonyane kaMatilda

Ungumuntu ophambili endabeni. Ingabe mayelana ingane e-prodigy enobuntu obumangalisayo, obukhathalelayo kanye namandla angajwayelekile emvelo. Uhlala enqatshwa futhi ehlukunyezwa ngabazali bakhe. Impilo yentombazanyana iyashintsha lapho ingena esikoleni samabanga aphansi, ngenxa yokwesekwa nothando lukathisha wayo kanye nobudlelwano abakha nabangane bakhe abasha.

Master Honey

Unguthisha esikoleni samabanga aphansi, unothando futhi uzinikele kubafundi bakhe. UMatilda ungomunye wabancane abangaphansi kwakhe. Kusukela emhlanganweni wokuqala, bobabili bahlakulela uthando olukhetheke kakhulu. Ubudlelwano babo buyaqina ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuze kufike ekutheni uHoney uba ngumuntu osemqoka empilweni ye-protagonist.

UMqondisi uTrunchbull

Ngaphezu kokuphatha ukuqondisa isikole samabanga aphansi, ngumphikisi womsebenzi. Ubuntu bakhe buphikisana ngokuphelele nobuka Master Master Honey. Ngokomzimba ichazwa njenge owesifazane oqinile nonobuso obubi. Phakathi kokuthanda kwakhe okubi kuqokomisa ubumnandi bokusebenzisa izijeziso ezinzima nezinesihluku ezinganeni, njengokuzivalela amahora amaningi egumbini elimnyama.

UMnu noNkk Umhlonyane

Bangabazali begazi likaMatilda omncane. Bobabili banemikhuba emibi futhi bane-IQ ephansi kakhulu. Umama ungumgembuli ongasebenzi futhi ekha phezulu. Ngokwengxenye yayo, ubaba uzinikele ekuhwebeni izimoto ezinemvelaphi engabazisayo, okumgcina esenkingeni yezomthetho njalo.

Ezinye izinhlamvu

UMichael ungumfowabo omdala kaMatilda, insizwa eyimilutha yokubuka ithelevishini futhi weqiswa ngabazali bakhe - abasebenzisa yona ukuhlazisa ingane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona abangane bakaMatilda, phakathi kwabo okuvelele uLavender, intombazane enesibindi eba ngumngane omkhulu we-protagonist.

Mayelana nomlobi, uRoald Dahl

URoald Dahl wazalwa ngoSepthemba 13, 1916 eCardiff, idolobha eliseLlandaff, eWales. Abazali bakhe kwakunguSofie Magdalene Hesselberg noHarald Dahl, bobabili baseNorway. Ufunde amabanga aphansi eThe Cathedra School naseSt, ngenkathi abasesekondari besesikoleni iRepton.

Imisebenzi yokuqala

Lapho eneminyaka engu-18 waqala ukusebenza eRoyal Dutch Shell, inkampani kawoyela eyamvumela ukuba aphile ngokunethezeka okukhulu. Ngo-1939 wajoyina iRoyal Air Force, lapho wenza ukuqeqeshwa kwakhe kokuqala kwezindiza kwathi ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva wabelwa ebuthweni lama-80 leRAF. e 1940, ngenkathi sisuka eGibhithe siya eLibya, ube nengozi embi eyamshiya engaboni izinyanga ezimbili.

Umsebenzi wezincwadi

e 1942 waqala umsebenzi wakhe njengombhali, snoma ifilimu yokuqala kwakuwumdlalo I-peasy elula, okwakushicilelwe kufayela le- NgoMgqibelo Evening Post. Kuyindaba esuselwa ekuphahlazekeni kwendiza yakhe. Ngemuva kwalokho wethule umdlalo wezingane zakhe wokuqala: Ama-gremlins (1943). Ukwakhiwa kwalezi zincwadi zezingane ezikhethekile kwamlethela ukuqashelwa okuhle kwemibhalo. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe, impumelelo ibonakala: UCharlie kanye nefektri Chocolate (1964), Abathakathi (1983) noMatilda (1988).

UDahl uphinde wazibandakanya nohlobo lwabantu abadala, ngezinganekwane zamahlaya amnyama aneziphetho ezingalindelekile. Kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe wabhala izindaba ezingaphezulu kwamashumi ayisithupha zalolu hlobo ezazishicilelwa komagazini abanjengo: Harper sika, Playboy y ILadies Home Journal. Kamuva, lezi zahlanganiswa zaba izinganekwane. Futhi, ezinye izindaba zenzelwe ifilimu nethelevishini, njenge: Amadoda aseNingizimu y Izindaba ezingalindelekile.

Eminyakeni yama-60s wabhala ama-screenplays e-cinema, omunye wabo wayenjalo UJames Bond, Kuphela uhlala kabili, ukuguqulwa kwenoveli ngu-Ian Fleming. Ngo-1971 waguqulela enye yezincwadi zezingane zakhe kwifilimu UWilly Wonka kanye nefektri Chocolate.

Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, UDahl waba umbhali ovelele. Wayephatha amanoveli, izinkondlo, izindaba nemibhalo kalula. Ukuzinikela kwakhe akwenziwanga kwaba sobala hhayi kuphela ngomsebenzi wakhe obanzi futhi owenziwe kahle, kepha futhi ngokuphatha ukuthengisa amakhophi angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-200 emhlabeni jikelele.

Ukufa

URoald Dahl washona eGreat Missenden ngoNovemba 23, 1990, ngemuva kokuhlulwa empini eyayinomdlavuza wegazi.

Eminye imisebenzi kaRoald Dahl

Izincwadi zezingane

• Ama-gremlins (1943)
• UJames kanye ne- IPENTSHISI isiqhwaga (1961)
• UCharlie kanye nefektri Chocolate (1964)
• Umunwe womlingo (1966)
• ISuper Fox (1970)
• UCharlie nekheshi elikhulu lengilazi (1972)
• UDanny iqhawe lomhlaba (1975)
• El ingwenya enkulu (1978)
• Ama-cretin (1980)
• Umuthi omuhle kaJorge (1981)
• Isidlakela esikhulu esihle (1982)
• Abathakathi (1983)
• Indlulamithi, ivuba nemfene (1985)
• Matilda (1988)
• U-Agu Trot (1990)
• Umfundisi okhulume ehlehla (1991)
• Ama-mimpins (1991)

Indaba yendatshana

• Ushintsho olukhulu (1974)
• Izindaba ezimfishane ezihamba phambili zikaRoald Dahl (1978)
• UGenesise nenhlekelele (1980)
• Izindaba ezingavamile (1977)
• Izinganekwane ezingalindelekile (1979)
• Impindiselo ingeyami SA (1980)
• Qedela izindaba (2013)