Izincwadi zikaRoald Dahl

URoald Dahl wayengumbhali wamanoveli odumile waseWales, imbongi, umbhali wezindaba ezimfishane, nombhali wesikrini odabuka eNorway.. Uthole udumo lomhlaba wonke ngenxa yemisebenzi ethandwa kakhulu efana UJames neGeach Peach (1961), UCharlie kanye nefektri Chocolate (1964), Izinganekwane ezingalindelekile (1979), Abathakathi (1983), Matilda (1988) noma U-Agu Trot (1990). Wazalelwa eLlandalf (Cardiff), ngoSepthemba 13, 1916, waba nempilo egcwele izikhathi ezimnandi ezazisebenza njengogqozi. Umthelela wayo ube kakhulu kangangokuba no-Emma Watson uncoma ukuthi uyifunde.

Kodwa akuyona yonke into ebilula, ukufa kwabathandekayo nakho bekuyinto ephindaphindeka kuye. Wayebandakanyeka ezingxabanweni ezahlukahlukene kwaze kwaba yizinsuku zakhe zokugcina, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezitatimende zakhe ezazimelene no-Israyeli, noma ngenxa yezinkinga ezavela ngesikhathi kulungiswa amafilimu eminye yemibhalo yakhe. Kodwa-ke, ukhunjulwa ngefa lakhe elikhulu lokuqonda, nangokuzinikela kwakhe. Phakathi kweminikelo yabo kuvelele amagama awaqamba afakwa esichazamazwini se-Oxford English.

Impilo kaRoald Dahl

Ubuntwana

UHarald Dahl noSofie Magdalene Hesselberg babengabazali bakhe. Lapho uRoald omncane eneminyaka emithathu, udadewabo u-Astrid wabulawa yi-appendicitis. Emasontweni ambalwa kamuva uyise wabulawa yi-pneumonia. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, into enengqondo ngalo mama ongumfelokazi bekuzoba ukubuyela ezweni lakubo eNorway, kepha wasala eBrithani. Lokhu ukwenze ngoba isifiso somyeni wakhe bekuwukufundisa izingane zabo ezikoleni zaseBrithani.

Imfundo yamabanga aphansi

Kuze kube yilapho uDahl eneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili efunda eLlandalf Cathedral School, Ube esefunda esikoleni esizimele iSt.Peter's edolobheni elisogwini iWeston-super-Mare iminyaka eyisithupha. Ngosuku lwakhe lokuzalwa lweshumi nantathu, uRoald osemusha wabhaliswa eRepton School eDerbyshire, lapho ayengukaputeni weqembu lesikole lesihlanu futhi wasebenza njengomsizi wezithombe.

Ukuzalwa kukaCharlie no "Boy" odumile

Ukuhlala kwakhe eRepton kwaqala icebo lendaba yezingane zakhe ezidumile UCharlie nemboni kashokolethi (1964)Njengenkampani yendawo kwesinye isikhathi ibithumela amabhokisi amaswidi ukuthi azonambitheka ngabafundi. Wayejwayele nokuchitha amaholide ehlobo nezihlobo zakhe eNorway, ezazizogqugquzela ukubhala. Umfana: izindaba zobuntwana (1984). Yize kungabonakala njengomsebenzi wokuphila komuntu, uDahl wayehlala ekuphika.

Imfundo ephakeme

Ngemuva kwesikole samabanga aphezulu, wenza izifundo zokuhlola eNewfoundland ne-Public Schools Exploring Society. Kamuva, ngo-1934, waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe e-United Kingdom nenkampani kawoyela iRoyal Dutch Shell. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva wathunyelwa eDar-es-Salaam (iTanzania yamanje) ukuyoqedela ukuqeqeshwa kwakhe eShell House, lapho ahlinzeka khona uphethiloli ngaphansi kwengozi efihlekile yamabhubesi nezinambuzane ezinolaka.

Ukubhaliswa kwakhe eWWII

Lapho kugqashuka iMpi Yezwe II ngo-1939, uRoald Dahl wathuthela eNairobi wayobhalisela ukusebenza eRoyal Air Force. Ngemuva kokuphothula ukuqeqeshwa amahora acishe abe yisishiyagalombili, waqala ukundiza yedwa futhi wamangala ngezilwane zasendle zaseKenya (wasebenzisa okunye kwalokhu okwenzeka ezincwadini zakhe kamuva). Ngo-1940 waqhubeka nokuqeqeshwa kwakhe okuthuthukile e-Iraq, wenziwa isikhulu futhi wayalwa kwabangu-80^vo Iqembu leRAF.

Cishe ingozi ebulalayo

Ohambweni lwayo lokuqala kwakuqukethe ukuhambisa uphethiloli ngaphakathi kweGloster Gladiator. Kwenye yazo, ngoSepthemba 19, 1940, yahlaselwa - cishe yacishe yabulala - ukwehla kokwehla eLibya ngenxa yephutha endaweni ekhethiwe (phakathi kwemigqa yaseBrithani neyase-Italy). Lokhu kutholakale ophenyweni lweRAF olulandelayo. URoald Dahl usinde ngokulambisa endizeni ebishisa ngogebhezi oluphukile, ikhala eliphukile kanye nempumputhe.

Ukululama okuyisimangaliso

Yize odokotela babikezela ukuthi ngeke esaphinde andize, uRoald osemusha waphinde wabona emavikini ayisishiyagalombili kamuva. yengozi futhi wakhishwa ngoFebhuwari 1941, ebuyela emsebenzini wakhe wendiza. Ngaleso sikhathi, iqembu lama-80 lase liseduze ne-Athene, lilwa nezimo ezingezinhle neze ngokumelene namabutho e-Axis. Noma kunjalo, ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili, uDahl weqa iMedithera ukuze ajoyine nabo.

Umbono wawufiphele ngokuphelele: Iziphepho eziyi-14 neBristol Blanheims baseBrithani abayi-4 kuyo yonke indawo yamaHellenic belwa nemikhumbi yezitha engaphezu kwenkulungwane. Ngesikhathi semikhumbi yakhe yokuqala yokuqhuma amabhomu eChalcis, uDahl wabhekana namabhomu ayisithupha eyedwa, wakwazi ukudubula owodwa ukuze kamuva abaleke engalimele. Konke lokho okuhlangenwe nakho okufana nempi kwathathwa encwadini yakhe yokuphila Ukundiza wedwa.

Izincwadi zokuqala, umshado nezingane

En 1942 waqokwa njengephini lomoya oxhumene naye eWashington. Kulelo dolobha wayezokwenza incwadi yakhe yokuqala, eyaqale yabizwa Ucezu lwekhekhe (i-peasy elula). Lapho walanda imininingwane yengozi yakhe egibele iGloster Gladiator, kodwa ekugcineni yakhishwa ngaphansi kwesihloko Udubule iLibya. Ngo-1943 kwavela iprozi yezingane zakhe zokuqala, AmaGremlins, yajwayelwa kubhayisikobho emashumini ambalwa eminyaka kamuva.

Umlingisi waseMelika uPatricia Neal wayengumkakhe kusuka ngo-1953 kuya ku-1983, naye wayenabantwana abahlanu, phakathi kwabo, umbhali uTessa Dahl. Ngokudabukisayo, ngo-1962 indodakazi yakhe eneminyaka eyisikhombisa u-Olivia yadlula emhlabeni i-encephalitis ebangelwa igciwane lesimungumungwane. UTheo, indodana yabo okuwukuphela kwakhe, wahlushwa yi-hydrocephalus ngenxa yengozi esemncane. Ngenxa yalomcimbi, wazibandakanya ocwaningweni olwaholela ekusungulweni kwe-valve iWade-Dahl-Till, okuyidivayisi eyenzelwe ukunciphisa i-hydrocephalus. Omunye wamadodakazi akhe, u-Ophelia, wayengumbambisene nomqondisi weParthners in Health, inhlangano engenzi nzuzo esekela izakhamizi zezindawo ezihlupheka kakhulu emhlabeni ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Umshado wesibili nokufa

Umzukulu wakhe, oyisibonelo nomlobi uSophie Dahl (indodakazi kaTessa), ukhuthaze omunye wabalingiswa abaphambili ku Isidlakela esihle (1982). Wayeshade okwesibili ngo-1983, noFelicity Ann d'Abreu Crosland, umngani omkhulu womkakhe wokuqala. UMkunxuswa ngoNovemba 23, 1990, ekhaya lakhe eBuckinghamshire, ngenxa yomdlavuza wegazi.

Phakathi kokuhlonishwa kwe-postmortem okutholwe ukuvulwa kwegalari yezingane iRoald Dahl eBucks County Museum. kanye neRoald Dahl Museum - Isikhungo Somlando savulwa ngo-2005 eGreat Missenden. Ngokunjalo, iSisekelo esinegama lakhe siqhubeke nokuzibophezela kombhali waseWelsh ezindaweni ezinjenge-neurology, hematology kanye nokufunda nokubhala kwabantu ezindaweni ezisengozini.

Izincwadi ezaziwa kakhulu uRoald Dahl

UCharlie nemboni kashokolethi

Ukwethulwa kwencwadi yesithathu yezingane kaRoald Dahl - ngemuva AmaGremlins y UJames neGeach Peach- Kwasho ushintsho emsebenzini wakhe wokubhala. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi lo msebenzi uguqulwe ngempumelelo kusikrini esikhulu kabili (ngo-1971 nango-2005). Indaba eyashicilelwa ngo-1964 igxile kuCharlie Bucket, umfana ovela emndenini ompofu kakhulu ohlala nabazali bakhe nogogo nomkhulu, olambile futhi obandayo.

Inhlanhla ye-protagonist iyashintsha lapho iwina ithikithi elilodwa legolide elinikeza ukuvakasha embonini yoshokholethi yedolobha.. Le ndawo ivame ukuvalwa ukugwema izinhloli futhi iphethwe usozigidi ome njengeqanda uWilly Wonka. Le eccentric ihlele konke lokhu ukuze ikhethe indlalifa phakathi kwabahlanganyeli abahlanu. Ngemuva kochungechunge lwemicimbi yeshashalazi, uCharlie uqokwa njengomnqobi futhi ungene efektri nomndeni wakhe wonke.

Izinganekwane ezingalindelekile

Iqoqo elihle lezindaba ezimfushane eziyi-16 ezavela ngo-1979. Phambilini lezi zindaba bezishicilelwe emithonjeni ehlukene yokuphrinta. Amahlaya amnyama, ukungabaza kanye nozungu yizinto ezijwayelekile kuzo zonke. Eminye imayelana nokuziphindisela (Ufudu lwentokazi, UNunc Dimittis) noma intukuthelo (IWundlu Elosiwe, Ukukhuphukela Ezulwini). Futhi, ngendlela efanayo nasezindabeni zezingane zabo, bavame ukuphela ngenganekwane yokuziphatha.

Abathakathi

Yanyatheliswa ngo-1983. Ukuguqulelwa kwayo kwefilimu (ngo-1990) okwakuqondiswe nguNicolas Roeg kwabanga impikiswano ngoba izinguquko ezenziwe, ngoba zazingahambelani nale noveli futhi kwamcasula kakhulu uDahl. Yindaba exoxwe kumuntu wokuqala othile ohlangane nabathakathi abambalwa "abangafani nalabo abasezindabeni". Owokuqala wayefuna ukumnika inyoka; ngeyesibili kwakukubi kakhulu.

Ngokunjalo, umlandeli ulandisa ngengozi yemoto eyabulala abazali bakhe, okwakhuliswa ngayo ngugogo wakhe eNorway.. Umzanyana uchaza ukuthi yiziphi izici ezijwayelekile zomthakathi futhi umxwayisa ngokuhlaselwa kwabo kwangaphambili ezinganeni ezi-5 abekwazi. Kepha ukukhomba abathakathi kuyinkimbinkimbi, bagqoka njengabesifazane abajwayelekile ngenkathi bephothula umsebenzi wabo oyimfihlo: ukubhubhisa izingane zomhlaba.

Matilda

Lo msebenzi kaDahl owashicilelwa ngo-1988 kumele ube owaziwa kakhulu kuma-Millennials, lokhu kungenxa yefilimu yesici esithandwayo (1996) eqondiswe nguDanny DeVito. I-protagonist nguMatilda Wormwood, intombazane eneminyaka emihlanu ubudala ehlakaniphe kakhulu, umfundi okhuthele futhi onobuhlakani obukhulu. Uyindodakazi yabazali eyenqenayo futhi engazi lutho ngobuhle bayo.

Uthisha wakhe, U-Miss Honey, ebona izimfanelo zakhe ezingajwayelekile, ubuza uThishanhloko uTrunchbull ukuthi uMatilda afunde ekilasini eliphambili kakhulu. Uthishanhloko uyenqaba, njengoba empeleni engumuntu omubi othanda ukujezisa izingane ngaphandle kwesizathu. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, uMatilda uthuthukisa amandla we-telekinesis, akwazi ukuhambisa izinto ngokubuka kwakhe.

U-Miss Honey unelukuluku lokwazi ngamakhono entombazane futhi uyimemela kwakhe. Lapho uMatilda uphawula ukuthi uthisha wakhe uhlupheka kakhulu futhi uhlupheka ngaphansi kokunakekelwa ngubabekazi wakhe, (odalulwe kamuva) uNkk Trunchbull. Ngakho-ke uMatilda wenza isu lokukhipha uNkk Trunchbull ezimpilweni zabo unomphela. Lapho ephumelela, uMatilda uthokoziswa ngezinye izingane bese edlulela ekilasini eliphambili kakhulu.

Ngenxa yalokho, le prodigy encane ilahlekelwa amandla ayo we-telekinesis ngoba kufanele isebenzise bonke ubuchopho bayo ukuze iphumelele ezifundweni zayo ezintsha. Ekugcineni, uMatilda ugcina esehlala ngaphansi kwesandla sikaNkk Honey. (ongasabhekani noNkk Trunchbull) ngemuva kokuboshwa kwabazali bentombazane ngokweba izimoto.

Ifa lobuciko nelokubhala likaRoald Dahl

Sekukonke, uRoald Dahl ushicilele izindaba zezingane eziyi-18, izincwadi ezi-3 zezinganekwane zezingane, amanoveli ama-2 abantu abadala, izingqikithi zezindaba eziyi-8, izikhumbuzo eziyisi-5 zebhuku kanye nomdlalo. Ngokuphathelene nezwe elibukwayo, uDahl wenza imibhalo yamafilimu eyi-10, kufaka nezitolimende ezidumile Siphila kabili kuphela ngo (1967), Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968) futhi Izwe lamaphupho (1971), phakathi kwabanye.

Uphinde wabamba iqhaza njengomkhiqizi kanye / noma umphathi wezinhlelo ezi-7 zethelevishini e-United Kingdom nase-United States.. Imisebenzi yakhe iguqulelwe kumafilimu wesici ayi-13 amukelwa kahle kakhulu ngumphakathi, njenge UJames neGeach Peach (1996), UMnuz Fox (2009) futhi I-BFG (2016 - Isihloko sokuqala sesiNgisi se- Isidlakela esihle). Ngokwengeziwe, indalo yakhe idluliselwe ochungechungeni olungu-9 nakwizikhindi zethelevishini.